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Authors
Advisor(s)
Abstract(s)
xiii
Resumo
Os países da União Europeia (UE) caracterizam-se por possuir uma grande
diversidade de alimentos tradicionais com caraterísticas diferenciadoras. No sentido da
sua proteção, foi criado o Regulamento (UE) n.º 1151/2012 que estabelece três regimes
de qualidade a Denominação de Origem Protegida (DOP), a Indicação Geográfica
Protegida (IGP) e a Especialidade Tradicional Garantida (ETG). Atualmente Portugal
possui seis DOPs de azeite a maioria criadas em 1996. No entanto, existe pouca
informação acerca da composição química, dos parâmetros de qualidade e dos atributos
sensoriais dos azeites classificados com DOP. Para além do mais, a informação contida
nos cadernos de especificações da maioria das DOPs não foi atualizada nem revista após
a sua publicação. Assim, o presente trabalho tem como objetivos proceder ao
levantamento das regiões pertencentes à UE com regime de qualidade DOP e IGP para
azeites e realizar um estudo comparativo dos parâmetros de qualidade, do perfil sensorial
e volátil, da atividade antioxidante e da estabilidade oxidativa de azeites de três DOPs
portuguesas, nomeadamente, “Azeite de Trás-os-Montes”, “Azeite da Beira Interior” e
“Azeite do Alentejo Interior”. Para dar resposta ao primeiro objetivo foi realizada uma
pesquisa orientada por vários parâmetros facultados pelas bases de dados eAmbrosia e
GIview. De forma a concretizar o segundo objetivo foram recolhidos 10 lotes diferentes
de azeite virgem extra de produtores das três regiões selecionadas os quais foram,
posteriormente, analisados. O levantamento efetuado revelou que, em 2022, se
encontravam estabelecidas 112 DOPs e 21 IGPs. Os países Itália, Espanha e Grécia são
os que possuem um maior número de DOPs de azeite, e são os únicos que possuem IGPs
para este produto. Em relação ao estudo comparativo constatou-se que os azeites das três
DOPs respeitavam os limites legais para a categoria, assim como, os indicados nos seus
cadernos de especificações. No perfil sensorial foram identificadas sensações de frutos e
herbáceas não mencionadas nos cadernos de especificações. Além disso, ocorreram
diferenças estatisticamente significativas entre regiões ao nível de todas as análises
efetuadas permitindo o agrupamento dos azeites conforme a sua origem geográfica.
Futuramente, seria importante que as entidades competentes revessem os cadernos de
especificações das DOPs. Para além disso, seria relevante realizar outras análises como a
determinação do perfil fenólico de forma a contribuir para uma melhor diferenciação das
DOPs.
The countries of the European Union (EU) are characterized by having a great diversity of traditional foods with differentiating characteristics. To protect them, Regulation (EU) No 1151/2012 was created, which establishes three quality schemes, the Protected Designation of Origin (PDO), the Protected Geographical Indication (PGI) and the Traditional Speciality Guaranteed (TSG). At the moment, Portugal has six olive oil PDOs, most of them created in 1996. However, there is little information about the chemical composition, quality parameters and sensory attributes of oils classified with PDO. Furthermore, the information contained in the specifications of most PDOs has not been updated or revised after publication. Thus, the present work aims to survey the regions belonging to the EU with a PDO and PGI quality schemes for olive oils and carry out a comparative study of the quality parameters, the sensory and volatile profile, the antioxidant activity, and the oxidative stability of olive oils from three Portuguese PDOs, namely “Azeite de Trás-os-Montes”, “Azeite da Beira Interior” e “Azeite do Alentejo Interior”. To achieve the first objective, a search was carried out guided by several parameters provided by the eAmbrosia and GIview databases. To achieve the second objective, 10 different batches of extra virgin olive oil were collected from producers in the three selected regions, which were subsequently analyzed. The survey carried out revealed that, in 2022, 112 PDOs and 21 PGIs were established. Italy, Spain and Greece are the countries with the highest number of PDOs for olive oil and are the only ones that have PGIs for this product. Regarding the comparative study, it was found that the oils from the three PDOs respected the legal limits for the category, as well as those indicated in their specifications. In the sensory profile, fruits and herbaceous sensations not mentioned in the specifications were identified. In addition, there were statistically significant differences between regions in terms of all the analyzes carried out, allowing the grouping of olive oils according to their geographical origin. In the future, it would be important for the competent authorities to review the PDO specifications. In addition, it would be relevant to carry out other analyzes such as the determination of the phenolic profile to contribute to a better differentiation of PDOs
The countries of the European Union (EU) are characterized by having a great diversity of traditional foods with differentiating characteristics. To protect them, Regulation (EU) No 1151/2012 was created, which establishes three quality schemes, the Protected Designation of Origin (PDO), the Protected Geographical Indication (PGI) and the Traditional Speciality Guaranteed (TSG). At the moment, Portugal has six olive oil PDOs, most of them created in 1996. However, there is little information about the chemical composition, quality parameters and sensory attributes of oils classified with PDO. Furthermore, the information contained in the specifications of most PDOs has not been updated or revised after publication. Thus, the present work aims to survey the regions belonging to the EU with a PDO and PGI quality schemes for olive oils and carry out a comparative study of the quality parameters, the sensory and volatile profile, the antioxidant activity, and the oxidative stability of olive oils from three Portuguese PDOs, namely “Azeite de Trás-os-Montes”, “Azeite da Beira Interior” e “Azeite do Alentejo Interior”. To achieve the first objective, a search was carried out guided by several parameters provided by the eAmbrosia and GIview databases. To achieve the second objective, 10 different batches of extra virgin olive oil were collected from producers in the three selected regions, which were subsequently analyzed. The survey carried out revealed that, in 2022, 112 PDOs and 21 PGIs were established. Italy, Spain and Greece are the countries with the highest number of PDOs for olive oil and are the only ones that have PGIs for this product. Regarding the comparative study, it was found that the oils from the three PDOs respected the legal limits for the category, as well as those indicated in their specifications. In the sensory profile, fruits and herbaceous sensations not mentioned in the specifications were identified. In addition, there were statistically significant differences between regions in terms of all the analyzes carried out, allowing the grouping of olive oils according to their geographical origin. In the future, it would be important for the competent authorities to review the PDO specifications. In addition, it would be relevant to carry out other analyzes such as the determination of the phenolic profile to contribute to a better differentiation of PDOs
Description
Keywords
Regimes de qualidade Azeite Parâmetros de qualidade Portugal