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Using bioindicators to assess heavy metal contamination in surface waters and public health impacts
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This study aims to explore the use of bioindicators for assessing metal contamination in surface waters and its effects on public health.
Theoretical Framework: The persistence and variation of heavy metal contamination in the Ave River Basin over 15 years underscore the need for ongoing monitoring and intervention. The detection of elevated levels of chromium, cadmium, lead, and zinc in aquatic mosses highlights the continuing impact of industrial activities, particularly metal coating facilities, on the river's ecosystem.
Method: In the study area, the Ave River and some of its tributaries, a monitoring programme of twelve sampling points was defined in two campaigns and eight metallic ions were determined in the laboratory by atomic absorption spectrophotometry (Cd, Pb, Cu, Cr, Fe, Hg, Ni and Zn).
Results and Discussion: The highest metal accumulation in mosses was observed for iron (Fe), whereas the lowest accumulation was found for mercury (Hg) during Campaign II. The order of metal accumulation in the moss samples, from highest to lowest, was Fe > Zn > Cu > Cr > Ni > Pb > Cd > Hg. The Metal Pollution Index (MPI) revealed changes in contamination levels between campaigns.
Research Implications: The contamination patterns suggest the influence of industrial activities, particularly metal coating facilities. Monitoring and mitigation efforts are necessary to address persistent heavy metal pollution in the Ave River Basin.
Originality/Value: The results of this research will contribute to a better understanding of the sources and loads of pollutants discharged and responsible for the contaminants. This can be used to discourage potential polluters and better manage the basin's water resources and possible risks to human health.
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Martins, Ramiro (2024). Using bioindicators to assess heavy metal contamination in surface waters and public health impacts. RGSA – Revista de Gestão Social e Ambiental. ISSN 1981-982X. 18:10, p. 1-14