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Avaliação de Conforto Térmico Exterior na Praça José Adriano (ESTIG) no Instituto Politécnico de Bragança
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As transformações associadas ao crescimento populacional e à expansão urbana têm intensificado os impactos ambientais, refletindo-se em alterações do clima local. Nesse contexto, as cidades tendem a desenvolver microclimas próprios, resultantes da interação entre morfologia urbana, materiais de construção, cobertura vegetal e uso do solo. Diante deste cenário, ganha relevância a produção de estudos que auxiliem a gestão do ambiente urbano, apoiem medidas de adaptação climática e contribuam para os Objetivos de Desenvolvimento Sustentável, em particular o ODS 11, que visa tornar as cidades mais inclusivas e sustentáveis. Tendo em conta esses aspectos, este estudo tem como objetivo avaliar as condições microclimáticas em uma área dentro do campus do Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, com foco na Praça José Adriano (praça da ESTIG), e analisar o potencial de Soluções Baseadas na Natureza (SBNs) na melhoria do conforto térmico. Para tal, foram realizadas medições de variáveis climáticas em dois dias representativos das estações fria e quente (16/01/2025, inverno, e 26/06/2025, verão), utilizando estações e sensores microclimáticos. Esses dados serviram de base para a caracterização do microclima local, apoio à modelação no software ENVI-met e verificação do desempenho das simulações. Paralelamente, foram recolhidas informações sobre a cobertura vegetal, o tipo de solo e a configuração do espaço construído, permitindo a elaboração de um modelo 3D do local. Questionários de percepção térmica foram aplicados com o objetivo de relacionar as condições medidas com a sensação de conforto dos individuos. A partir desses elementos, foram desenvolvidos um cenário de referência e um cenário alternativo com introdução de SBNs, cujas simulações permitiram comparar parâmetros como temperatura do ar e temperatura média radiante entre as diferentes configurações. Os resultados obtidos indicam que a introdução de soluções baseadas na natureza (SBN) no cenário alternativo promoveu melhorias mensuráveis no microclima urbano. No período de verão, observou-se uma redução média de até 1 °C na temperatura do ar e de cerca de 10 °C na temperatura média radiante durante as horas de maior insolação, enquanto no inverno os efeitos foram mais discretos e espacialmente dispersos.
The transformations associated with population growth and urban expansion have intensified environmental impacts, which are reflected in changes to the local climate. In this context, cities tend to develop their own microclimates, resulting from the interaction between urban morphology, construction materials, vegetation cover, and land use. Given this scenario, the production of studies that support the management of the urban environment, promote climate adaptation measures, and contribute to the Sustainable Development Goals, particularly SDG 11, which aims to make cities more inclusive and sustainable, becomes increasingly relevant. Taking these aspects into account, this study aims to evaluate the microclimatic conditions in an area within the campus of the Polytechnic Institute of Bragança, focusing on Praça José Adriano (ESTIG Square), and to analyse the potential of Nature-Based Solutions (NBS) to improve thermal comfort. To this end, measurements of climatic variables were carried out on two days representative of the cold and hot seasons (16/01/2025, winter, and 26/06/2025, summer), using microclimatic stations and sensors. These data served as a basis for the characterisation of the local microclimate, for modelling in the ENVI-met software, and for verifying the performance of the simulations. In parallel, information was collected on vegetation cover, soil type, and the configuration of the built environment, allowing the development of a 3D model of the site. Thermal perception questionnaires were applied in order to relate the measured conditions to individuals’ thermal comfort sensation. Based on these elements, a reference scenario and an alternative scenario with the introduction of NBS were developed, whose simulations made it possible to compare parameters such as air temperature and mean radiant temperature between the different configurations. The results obtained indicate that the introduction of nature-based solutions (NBS) in the alternative scenario promoted measurable improvements in the urban microclimate. During the summer period, an average reduction of up to 1 °C in air temperature and about 10 °C in mean radiant temperature was observed during peak solar hours, whereas in winter the effects were more moderate and spatially dispersed.
The transformations associated with population growth and urban expansion have intensified environmental impacts, which are reflected in changes to the local climate. In this context, cities tend to develop their own microclimates, resulting from the interaction between urban morphology, construction materials, vegetation cover, and land use. Given this scenario, the production of studies that support the management of the urban environment, promote climate adaptation measures, and contribute to the Sustainable Development Goals, particularly SDG 11, which aims to make cities more inclusive and sustainable, becomes increasingly relevant. Taking these aspects into account, this study aims to evaluate the microclimatic conditions in an area within the campus of the Polytechnic Institute of Bragança, focusing on Praça José Adriano (ESTIG Square), and to analyse the potential of Nature-Based Solutions (NBS) to improve thermal comfort. To this end, measurements of climatic variables were carried out on two days representative of the cold and hot seasons (16/01/2025, winter, and 26/06/2025, summer), using microclimatic stations and sensors. These data served as a basis for the characterisation of the local microclimate, for modelling in the ENVI-met software, and for verifying the performance of the simulations. In parallel, information was collected on vegetation cover, soil type, and the configuration of the built environment, allowing the development of a 3D model of the site. Thermal perception questionnaires were applied in order to relate the measured conditions to individuals’ thermal comfort sensation. Based on these elements, a reference scenario and an alternative scenario with the introduction of NBS were developed, whose simulations made it possible to compare parameters such as air temperature and mean radiant temperature between the different configurations. The results obtained indicate that the introduction of nature-based solutions (NBS) in the alternative scenario promoted measurable improvements in the urban microclimate. During the summer period, an average reduction of up to 1 °C in air temperature and about 10 °C in mean radiant temperature was observed during peak solar hours, whereas in winter the effects were more moderate and spatially dispersed.
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Palavras-chave
Conforto térmico ENVI-met Microclima urbano Soluções baseadas na natureza