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Com a crescente procura por materiais de alto desempenho, o uso de compósitos para substituir materiais clássicos está se tornando cada vez mais necessário. No entanto, atualmente utilizam-se materiais sintéticos como fibra de vidro e carbono para a fase reforço de um material compósito e isso traz implicações negativas ao meio ambiente. Uma alternativa às fibras sintéticas são as fibras naturais como fibra de linho e sisal. Essas fibras são conhecidas por sua resistência mecânica e por possuírem características como abundância, biodegradabilidade, baixa densidade, natureza não tóxica e menor abrasividade aos equipamentos. Levando isso em conta, no presente trabalho fabricaram-se e determinaram-se algumas propriedades dos compósitos de epóxi reforçados com fibras de sisal e com fibras de linho. A confecção dos corpos de prova teve como base a norma ASTM 3039, o alinhamento das fibras e a estimativa do modulo de Young seguiram protocolos abordados na literatura. Na sequência comparou-se os resultados obtidos pelos dois tipos de compósito, constatando que a combinação com linho atingiu 70% a mais de resistência a tração em comparação com o de sisal. Verificou-se também uma correlação diretamente proporcional entre o volume de fibras nos provetes e sua resistência mecânica. Por fim, concluiu-se que os modelos teóricos para o cálculo do módulo de Young se mostraram imprecisos e os dados de resistência à tração na literatura se mostraram variados e pouco similares aos encontrados nos testes realizados. No entanto foi possível constatar a superioridade mecânica do linho “fio do norte” em relação ao sisal e também explicar o comportamento característico de cada compósito levando em conta características de suas fases.
With the growing demand for high-performance materials, the use of composites to replace classic materials is becoming increasingly necessary. However, synthetic materials such as glass fiber and carbon fiber are currently used for the reinforcement phase of a composite material, and this has negative implications for the environment. An alternative to synthetic fibers is natural fibers such as flax fiber and sisal. These fibers are known for their mechanical resistance and other important characteristics such as abundance, biodegradability, low density, non-toxic nature and less abrasiveness to the equipment. Taking this into account, the present work carried out the preparation and analysis of the tensile properties in epoxy composites reinforced with sisal fibers and flax fibers. The preparation of the specimens was based on the ASTM 3039 standard, the alignment of the fibers and the estimation of the Young module followed protocols covered in the literature. Afterwards, the results obtained by the two types of composites were compared, showing that the combination with flax reached 70% more tensile strength compared to sisal. There was also a directly proportional correlation between the volume of fibers in the specimens and their mechanical strength. Finally, it was concluded that the theoretical models for calculating Young's modulus proved to be inaccurate and the tensile strength data in the literature were varied and little similar to those found in the tests carried out. However, it was possible to verify the mechanical superiority of northern flax over sisal and also to explain the characteristic behavior of each composite taking into account the characteristics of its phases.
With the growing demand for high-performance materials, the use of composites to replace classic materials is becoming increasingly necessary. However, synthetic materials such as glass fiber and carbon fiber are currently used for the reinforcement phase of a composite material, and this has negative implications for the environment. An alternative to synthetic fibers is natural fibers such as flax fiber and sisal. These fibers are known for their mechanical resistance and other important characteristics such as abundance, biodegradability, low density, non-toxic nature and less abrasiveness to the equipment. Taking this into account, the present work carried out the preparation and analysis of the tensile properties in epoxy composites reinforced with sisal fibers and flax fibers. The preparation of the specimens was based on the ASTM 3039 standard, the alignment of the fibers and the estimation of the Young module followed protocols covered in the literature. Afterwards, the results obtained by the two types of composites were compared, showing that the combination with flax reached 70% more tensile strength compared to sisal. There was also a directly proportional correlation between the volume of fibers in the specimens and their mechanical strength. Finally, it was concluded that the theoretical models for calculating Young's modulus proved to be inaccurate and the tensile strength data in the literature were varied and little similar to those found in the tests carried out. However, it was possible to verify the mechanical superiority of northern flax over sisal and also to explain the characteristic behavior of each composite taking into account the characteristics of its phases.
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Keywords
Compósito Sisal Linho Epóxi