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Children’s Exposure to Volatile Organic Compounds: A Comparative Analysis of Assessments in Households, Schools, and Indoor Swimming Pools

2024Journal article Open access
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dc.contributor.authorGabriel, Marta Fonseca
dc.contributor.authorFelgueiras, Fátima
dc.contributor.authorFeliciano, Manuel
dc.date.accessioned2025-01-13T10:45:41Z
dc.date.available2025-01-13T10:45:41Z
dc.date.issued2024
dc.description.abstractChemical pollution is an increasing worldwide concern, with children being especially vulnerable to the harmful effects of air pollution. This study aimed to characterize the mixture of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) present in indoor air across residential, educational, and recreational settings. It analyzed data on VOC concentrations from previous sampling campaigns conducted in households with children, primary schools, and indoor swimming pools (70 buildings, 151 indoor spaces) in northern Portugal. The findings reveal the co-occurrence of 16 VOCs (1,2,4- trimethylbenzene, benzene, ethylbenzene, m/o/p-xylenes, styrene, toluene, tetrachloroethylene, 2-ethylhexanol, butanol, acetophenone, ethyl acetate, benzaldehyde, decanal, nonanal, 1-methoxy-2- propanol and limonene) across all three settings, primarily associated to emissions from building materials and detergents. However, distinct patterns were also observed in the VOCs detected across the three indoor environments: in homes, the predominant VOCs were primarily released from cleaning and fragranced products; in schools, from ammonia-based cleaners and occupant activities; and in swimming pools, the predominant airborne chemicals were disinfection by-products resulting from the chemical dynamics associated with water disinfection. Overall, the findings highlight the need for additional research to deepen our understanding of the risks posed by combined exposure to multiple indoor air chemicals for children. These results also underscore the importance of developing and enforcing regulations to monitor VOC levels in environments frequented by children and implementing preventive measures to minimize their exposure to harmful chemicals.pt_PT
dc.description.sponsorshipThis research was funded by: (i) the ARIA project financed by Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia (PTDC/DTP-SPA/1522/2012, FCOMP-01-0124-FEDER-028709); (ii) HEALS—‘Health and Environment-wide Associations based on Large Population Surveys’, through the European Union’s Seventh Program for research, technological development, and demonstration under grant agreement No 603946; and (iii) NORTE-01-0145-FEDER-000010, Health, Comfort, and Energy in the Built Environment (HEBE) project, cofinanced by Programa Operacional Regional do Norte (NORTE2020), through Fundo Europeu de Desenvolvimento Regional (FEDER). MG acknowledges funding from national funds from the FCT—Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology under the Scientific Employment Stimulus—Institutional Call CEECINST/00027/2018. FF was also supported by a PhD Grant BD/6521/2020 funded by FCT.pt_PT
dc.description.versioninfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersionpt_PT
dc.identifier.citationGabriel, Marta Fonseca; Felgueiras, Fátima; Feliciano, Manuel (2024). Children’s Exposure to Volatile Organic Compounds: A Comparative Analysis of Assessments in Households, Schools, and Indoor Swimming Pools. Atmosphere. ISSN 2073-4433. 15:12, p. 1-18pt_PT
dc.identifier.doi10.3390/atmos15121471pt_PT
dc.identifier.issn2073-4433
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/10198/30932
dc.language.isoengpt_PT
dc.peerreviewedyespt_PT
dc.publisherMDPIpt_PT
dc.relationNot Available
dc.rights.urihttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/pt_PT
dc.subjectChemical air pollutionpt_PT
dc.subjectChildrenpt_PT
dc.subjectCombined exposurept_PT
dc.subjectIndoor environmentpt_PT
dc.subjectVolatile organic compoundspt_PT
dc.titleChildren’s Exposure to Volatile Organic Compounds: A Comparative Analysis of Assessments in Households, Schools, and Indoor Swimming Poolspt_PT
dc.typejournal article
dspace.entity.typePublication
oaire.awardTitleNot Available
oaire.awardURIinfo:eu-repo/grantAgreement/FCT/5876-PPCDTI/PTDC%2FDTP-SAP%2F1522%2F2012/PT
oaire.awardURIinfo:eu-repo/grantAgreement/FCT/CEEC INST 2018/CEECINST%2F00027%2F2018%2FCP1527%2FCT0001/PT
oaire.citation.endPage18pt_PT
oaire.citation.issue12pt_PT
oaire.citation.startPage1pt_PT
oaire.citation.titleAtmospherept_PT
oaire.citation.volume15pt_PT
oaire.fundingStream5876-PPCDTI
oaire.fundingStreamCEEC INST 2018
person.familyNameFeliciano
person.givenNameManuel
person.identifier.ciencia-id2D11-7230-702B
person.identifier.orcid0000-0002-3147-4511
person.identifier.scopus-author-id6603358480
project.funder.identifierhttp://doi.org/10.13039/501100001871
project.funder.identifierhttp://doi.org/10.13039/501100001871
project.funder.nameFundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia
project.funder.nameFundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia
rcaap.rightsopenAccesspt_PT
rcaap.typearticlept_PT
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relation.isAuthorOfPublication.latestForDiscoveryccb9c69d-2820-493b-ab44-77b0538814fa
relation.isProjectOfPublicationc10aa3a9-8820-4d64-b92b-de3441638c13
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