Loading...
Publication
Desenvolvimento de gomas enriquecidas com Bacopa monnieri (L.) Wettst: bioacessibilidade do Bacosídeo A, atividade antioxidante e caracterização fenólica
| Name: | Description: | Size: | Format: | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2.64 MB | Adobe PDF |
Authors
Advisor(s)
Abstract(s)
A perturbação de hiperatividade e défice de atenção (PHDA), distúrbio que atinge maioritariamente crianças em idade escolar, manifesta-se por sintomas de hiperatividade, desatenção e impulsividade. O seu tratamento passa, na maioria dos casos, pela toma de medicamentos psicoestimulantes, o que suscita preocupações quanto aos seus efeitos adversos e à sua eficácia a longo prazo. Estas limitações reforçam a necessidade de explorar abordagens terapêuticas alternativas, mais seguras e sustentadas, especialmente na população pediátrica. Bacopa monnieri (L.) Wettst, planta nootrópica usada na medicina ayurvédica há séculos, tem demonstrado potencial na gestão da PHDA, atribuído às suas saponinas, nomeadamente o Bacosídeo A. Neste contexto, o presente estudo teve como objetivo desenvolver uma formulação em goma enriquecida com extrato de B. monnieri, avaliar a bioacessibilidade in vitro de Bacosídeo A e a atividade antioxidante das frações bioacessíveis, através dos ensaios de substâncias reativas ao ácido tiobarbitúrico (TBARS) e capacidade de absorção dos radicais oxigénio (ORAC).
Adicionalmente, e, visto que poucos estudos se focam na porção fenólica desta planta, caracterizou-se a composição fenólica de B. monnieri por LC-DAD-ESI-MSn. Para isto, realizou-se um estudo de otimização de extração utilizando um delineamento composto central, onde foi avaliado o efeito do tempo, da temperatura e da razão etanol:água no teor total de compostos fenólicos (CFT), flavonoides totais (FT) e na atividade antioxidante (ORAC). A formulação das gomas revelou-se bem-sucedida, com incorporação média de 0,99 ± 0,10 mg de Bacosídeo A por goma e características tecnológicas satisfatórias (uniformidade de massa, pH, humidade, atividade de água, cor e perfil de textura). A digestão in vitro demonstrou um aumento da bioacessibilidade do Bacosídeo A quando incorporado nas gomas (44,58%) face ao extrato isolado (15,50%).
Relativamente à atividade antioxidante, observou-se uma diminuição após digestão no extrato (TBARS: EC50 de 0,07 ± 0,01 para 2,22 ± 0,03 mg/mL; ORAC: 2544,58 ± 104,13 para 241,61 ± 9,65 µmol Eq. Trolox/g), enquanto nas gomas houve um ligeiro aumento (TBARS: EC50 de 4,81 ± 0,26 para 4,01 ± 0,12 mg/mL; ORAC: 32,42 ± 1,66 para 64,94 ± 4,85 µmol Eq. Trolox/g). O perfil fenólico dos extratos otimizados apresentou derivados de feniletanoides e flavonoides na sua composição, sendo os Calcelariosídeo A e B os compostos maioritários (4,61 ± 0,04 mg/g e 3,41 ± 0,08 mg/g, respetivamente). A produção bem-sucedida das gomas, aliada à maior bioacessibilidade de Bacosídeo A nestas, sugere o potencial do produto desenvolvido como alternativa fitoterápica para a PHDA, abrindo caminho para investigações futuras sobre a sua eficácia terapêutica neste distúrbio. Adicionalmente, os resultados obtidos fornecem uma base promissora para futuros estudos sobre o potencial dos compostos fenólicos de Bacopa monnieri como
agentes bioativos de interesse farmacêutico, nomeadamente na mitigação do stress oxidativo associado à PHDA.
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder that predominantly affects school-aged children and is characterized by symptoms of hyperactivity, inattention, and impulsivity. Its treatment typically involves the use of psychostimulant medications, which raises concerns regarding their adverse effects and long-term efficacy. These limitations highlight the need to explore alternative, safer, and more sustainable therapeutic approaches, particularly in the pediatric population. Bacopa monnieri (L.) Wettst., a nootropic plant used in Ayurvedic medicine for centuries, has shown potential in the management of ADHD, primarily attributed to its saponin content, especially Bacoside A. In this context, the present study aimed to develop a gummy formulation enriched with B. monnieri extract, assess the in vitro bioaccessibility of Bacoside A, and evaluate the antioxidant activity of the bioaccessible fractions through thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) and oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) assays. Additionally, due to the limited number of studies focusing on the phenolic fraction of this plant, the phenolic profile of B. monnieri was characterized using LC-DAD-ESI-MSn. A central composite design was employed to optimize the extraction process, assessing the influence of time, temperature, and ethanol:water ratio on total phenolic content (TPC), total flavonoids (TF), and antioxidant activity (ORAC). The gummy formulation was successfully developed, achieving an average incorporation of 0.99 ± 0.10 mg of Bacoside A per gummy and exhibiting satisfactory technological characteristics (mass uniformity, pH, moisture, water activity, color, and texture profile). In vitro digestion revealed an increase in the bioaccessibility of Bacoside A when incorporated into the gummies (44.58%) compared to the isolated extract (15.50%). Regarding antioxidant activity, a decrease was observed in the extract following digestion (TBARS: EC50 from 0.07 ± 0.01 to 2.22 ± 0.03 mg/mL; ORAC: from 2544.58 ± 104.13 to 241.61 ± 9.65 µmol Trolox Eq./g), whereas a slight increase was noted in the gummy matrix (TBARS: EC50 from 4.81 ± 0.26 to 4.01 ± 0.12 mg/mL; ORAC: from 32.42 ±1.66 to 64.94 ± 4.85 µmol Trolox Eq./g). The phenolic profile of the optimized extracts revealed the presence of phenylethanoid and flavonoid derivatives, with Calceolarioside A and B being the major compounds (4.61 ± 0.04 and 3.41 ± 0.08 mg/g, respectively). The successful production of the gummies, combined with the enhanced bioaccessibility of Bacoside A, supports the potential of the developed product as a phytotherapeutic alternative for ADHD, paving the way for future studies on its therapeutic efficacy. Moreover, the results provide a promising basis for further research into the pharmaceutical relevance of Bacopa monnieri phenolic compounds, particularly in addressing oxidative stress associated with ADHD.
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder that predominantly affects school-aged children and is characterized by symptoms of hyperactivity, inattention, and impulsivity. Its treatment typically involves the use of psychostimulant medications, which raises concerns regarding their adverse effects and long-term efficacy. These limitations highlight the need to explore alternative, safer, and more sustainable therapeutic approaches, particularly in the pediatric population. Bacopa monnieri (L.) Wettst., a nootropic plant used in Ayurvedic medicine for centuries, has shown potential in the management of ADHD, primarily attributed to its saponin content, especially Bacoside A. In this context, the present study aimed to develop a gummy formulation enriched with B. monnieri extract, assess the in vitro bioaccessibility of Bacoside A, and evaluate the antioxidant activity of the bioaccessible fractions through thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) and oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) assays. Additionally, due to the limited number of studies focusing on the phenolic fraction of this plant, the phenolic profile of B. monnieri was characterized using LC-DAD-ESI-MSn. A central composite design was employed to optimize the extraction process, assessing the influence of time, temperature, and ethanol:water ratio on total phenolic content (TPC), total flavonoids (TF), and antioxidant activity (ORAC). The gummy formulation was successfully developed, achieving an average incorporation of 0.99 ± 0.10 mg of Bacoside A per gummy and exhibiting satisfactory technological characteristics (mass uniformity, pH, moisture, water activity, color, and texture profile). In vitro digestion revealed an increase in the bioaccessibility of Bacoside A when incorporated into the gummies (44.58%) compared to the isolated extract (15.50%). Regarding antioxidant activity, a decrease was observed in the extract following digestion (TBARS: EC50 from 0.07 ± 0.01 to 2.22 ± 0.03 mg/mL; ORAC: from 2544.58 ± 104.13 to 241.61 ± 9.65 µmol Trolox Eq./g), whereas a slight increase was noted in the gummy matrix (TBARS: EC50 from 4.81 ± 0.26 to 4.01 ± 0.12 mg/mL; ORAC: from 32.42 ±1.66 to 64.94 ± 4.85 µmol Trolox Eq./g). The phenolic profile of the optimized extracts revealed the presence of phenylethanoid and flavonoid derivatives, with Calceolarioside A and B being the major compounds (4.61 ± 0.04 and 3.41 ± 0.08 mg/g, respectively). The successful production of the gummies, combined with the enhanced bioaccessibility of Bacoside A, supports the potential of the developed product as a phytotherapeutic alternative for ADHD, paving the way for future studies on its therapeutic efficacy. Moreover, the results provide a promising basis for further research into the pharmaceutical relevance of Bacopa monnieri phenolic compounds, particularly in addressing oxidative stress associated with ADHD.
Description
Keywords
Saponinas PHDA Bacopa monnieri Bacosídeo A INFOGEST Bioacessibilidade Fitoterapia