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Contributos da reabilitação cardíaca na melhoria da qualidade de vida na pessoa com insuficiência cardíaca
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Abstract(s)
A insuficiência cardíaca é uma condição crónica e progressiva que compromete a função cardíaca e impacta negativamente a qualidade de vida e a autonomia das pessoas. A reabilitação cardíaca, especialmente através do exercício físico, tem demonstrado benefícios significativos na melhoria da capacidade funcional e diminuição da morbimortalidade. No entanto, barreiras como o desconhecimento dos benefícios, fatores psicossociais e limitações dos sistemas de saúde dificultam a implementação e adesão a estes programas.
Objetivo: Mapear na evidência científica os contributos da reabilitação cardíaca na melhoria da qualidade de vida na pessoa com insuficiência cardíaca.
Métodos: Trata-se de uma revisão de escopo utilizando as diretrizes da JBI (Joanna Briggs Colaboration). As bases de dados utilizadas na pesquisa foram MEDLINE e a Scopus importados para o RAYYAN, a literatura cinzenta foi feita na Open acess and dissertations e a Biblioteca digital brasileira teses e dissertações. Foram considerados estudos em pessoas com Insuficiência cardíaca, com abordagem na reabilitação cardíaca e publicados nos últimos 5 anos em português e inglês.
Resultados: Foram identificados 195 estudos no total, após a triagem e seleção 10 estudos foram incluídos na revisão. Os principais resultados encontrados foram, diminuição de internamentos, da morbimortalidade, aumento da autonomia na realização das atividades diárias, melhoria da capacidade funcional e emocional que consequentemente melhoram o bem-estar e a qualidade de vida.
Conclusão: Apesar das limitações metodológicas, este trabalho permitiu identificar lacunas significativas no contexto prático da prestação de cuidados principalmente em situações de recursos limitados, apesar da elevada prevalência de doenças cardiovasculares. A investigação reforça a importância do enfermeiro de reabilitação como elemento-chave na promoção da educação para a saúde, adesão ao tratamento, autogestão da doença e melhoria da qualidade de vida da pessoa com insuficiência cardíaca. É urgente investir na formação de profissionais, criação de serviços adaptados à realidade local e desenvolvimento de políticas públicas que integrem a reabilitação cardíaca como componente essencial no cuidado cardiovascular.
Heart failure is a chronic and progressive condition that impairs cardiac function and negatively impacts patients' quality of life and autonomy. Cardiac rehabilitation, especially through physical exercise, has demonstrated significant benefits, such as reducing hospitalizations, morbidity and mortality, and improving daily activity independence, functional capacity, emotional well-being, and overall comfort. However, barriers such as lack of awareness of benefits, psychosocial factors, and health system limitations hinder the implementation and adherence to these programs. Objective: To map the contributions of cardiac rehabilitation to improving quality of life in individuals with heart failure in the scientific evidence. Methods: This is a scoping review using the JBI (Joanna Briggs Collaboration) guidelines. The databases used in the research were MEDLINE and Scopus, imported into RAYYAN. Grey literature was searched in Open Access and dissertations, and in the Brazilian Digital Library of theses and dissertations. Studies considered were those involving people with heart failure, focused on cardiac rehabilitation, and published in the last five years in Portuguese and English. Results: A total of 195 studies were identified, and after screening and selection, 10 studies were included in the review. The main findings were a decrease in hospital admissions and morbidity and mortality, an increase in autonomy in performing daily activities, and an improvement in both functional and emotional capacity, which consequently enhance well-being and quality of life. Conclusion: Despite methodological limitations, this work made it possible to identify significant gaps in the practical context of care delivery, especially in resource-limited settings, despite the high prevalence of cardiovascular diseases. The findings emphasize the crucial role of rehabilitation nurses in health education, treatment adherence, self-management of the disease, and enhancing the quality of life for individuals with heart failure. It concludes that urgently investing in professional training, developing services adapted to the local context, and creating public policies that integrate cardiac rehabilitation as an essential component of cardiovascular care in Cabo Verde are necessary.
Heart failure is a chronic and progressive condition that impairs cardiac function and negatively impacts patients' quality of life and autonomy. Cardiac rehabilitation, especially through physical exercise, has demonstrated significant benefits, such as reducing hospitalizations, morbidity and mortality, and improving daily activity independence, functional capacity, emotional well-being, and overall comfort. However, barriers such as lack of awareness of benefits, psychosocial factors, and health system limitations hinder the implementation and adherence to these programs. Objective: To map the contributions of cardiac rehabilitation to improving quality of life in individuals with heart failure in the scientific evidence. Methods: This is a scoping review using the JBI (Joanna Briggs Collaboration) guidelines. The databases used in the research were MEDLINE and Scopus, imported into RAYYAN. Grey literature was searched in Open Access and dissertations, and in the Brazilian Digital Library of theses and dissertations. Studies considered were those involving people with heart failure, focused on cardiac rehabilitation, and published in the last five years in Portuguese and English. Results: A total of 195 studies were identified, and after screening and selection, 10 studies were included in the review. The main findings were a decrease in hospital admissions and morbidity and mortality, an increase in autonomy in performing daily activities, and an improvement in both functional and emotional capacity, which consequently enhance well-being and quality of life. Conclusion: Despite methodological limitations, this work made it possible to identify significant gaps in the practical context of care delivery, especially in resource-limited settings, despite the high prevalence of cardiovascular diseases. The findings emphasize the crucial role of rehabilitation nurses in health education, treatment adherence, self-management of the disease, and enhancing the quality of life for individuals with heart failure. It concludes that urgently investing in professional training, developing services adapted to the local context, and creating public policies that integrate cardiac rehabilitation as an essential component of cardiovascular care in Cabo Verde are necessary.
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Keywords
Insuficiência cardíaca Reabilitação cardíaca Qualidade de vida