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Optimization of nanoemulsion formulations using saponin from quillaja bark, a natural surfactant

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dc.contributor.authorSchreiner, Tatiana B.
dc.contributor.authorPeres, António M.
dc.contributor.authorDias, Madalena M.
dc.contributor.authorPinho, Simão
dc.contributor.authorBarreiro, M.F.
dc.date.accessioned2020-03-12T14:49:05Z
dc.date.available2020-03-12T14:49:05Z
dc.date.issued2019
dc.description.abstractNanoemulsions are systems comprising three constituents, hydrophilic, lipophilic and amphiphilic compounds, forming a single macroscopic phase with reduced particle size. Nowadays, an important topic under study is the introduction of natural products as surfactants. This is partly motivated by consumer’s demands for more sustainable products, leading industry and researchers to search for alternatives with natural-friendly connotation, avoiding the large utilization of the synthetic forms. In this context, recent studies have focused the use of saponins, highlighting its physicochemical properties, and commercial potential for the development of natural-based emulsions [1,2]. Thus, the objective of this work is to optimize a nanoemulsion formulation incorporating saponin as surfactant, through response surface methodology (RSM). The systems were formed with the natural surfactant, pure saponin from Quillaja Bark, and glycerol as co-surfactant. Sweet almond oil was used as the lipophilic component. To produce the nanoemulsions, a high energy technique was chosen, namely high-pressure homogenization (HPH). The produced emulsions were characterized by measuring the zeta potential, droplet size (by laser diffraction) technique), pH and viscosity. In order to select the best formulation, a 2k full-factorial design with 3 factors and 3 replicates at the central point was implemented. The chosen parameters were oil/water ratio (10/90, 20/80, 30/70, w/w), surfactant content in the mixture (0.5, 1 and 1.5%, w/w) and the surfactant/co-surfactant ratio (50/50, 75/25, 100/0, w/w). The results obtained with the produced formulations showed zeta potential to vary between -40.3 and -46.0 (evidencing high stability) and a particle size in volume comprised in the range 111.9-431.4 nm. These two parameters were selected to perform the experimental design to find the most stable systems. Nanoemulsions with pure saponin were successfully produced, where the formulations with better long term stability were those prepared with the lower amount of oil, which is 10%. It is important to point out that taking into consideration final product applications, to have less than 10% of the lipophilic component it is not suitable. Regarding the amount of surfactant, smaller droplet sizes, and consequently lower zeta potentials, were achieved at its highest content. The co-surfactant glycerol showed to have no significant impact in zeta potential, even it showed to slightly increase droplet’s size.pt_PT
dc.description.sponsorshipThis work is financed by POCI-01-0145-FEDER-006984 (LA LSRE-LCM) and UID/AGR/00690/2013 (CIMO), funded by FEDER, through POCI-COMPETE2020 and FCT; Project NORTE-01-0145-FEDER-000006, funded by NORTE2020 under PT2020.pt_PT
dc.description.versioninfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersionpt_PT
dc.identifier.citationSchreiner, Tatiana B.; Peres, António M.; Dias, Madalena M.; Pinho, Simão; Barreiro, M.F. (2019). Optimization of nanoemulsion formulations using saponin from quillaja bark, a natural surfactant. In XXV Econtro Galego-Portugês de Química: libro de resúmenes. ISBN 978-84-09-16320-5pt_PT
dc.identifier.isbn978-84-09-16320-5
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/10198/20946
dc.language.isoengpt_PT
dc.peerreviewedyespt_PT
dc.publisherColegio Oficial de Químicos de Galiciapt_PT
dc.rights.urihttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/pt_PT
dc.titleOptimization of nanoemulsion formulations using saponin from quillaja bark, a natural surfactantpt_PT
dc.typeconference object
dspace.entity.typePublication
oaire.awardNumberUID/AGR/00690/2013
oaire.awardURIinfo:eu-repo/grantAgreement/FCT/5876/UID%2FAGR%2F00690%2F2013/PT
oaire.citation.conferencePlaceSantiago de Compostela, Espanhapt_PT
oaire.citation.titleLibro de resúmenes del XXV Econtro Galego-Portugês de Químicapt_PT
oaire.fundingStream5876
person.familyNameSchreiner
person.familyNamePeres
person.familyNamePinho
person.familyNameBarreiro
person.givenNameTatiana B.
person.givenNameAntónio M.
person.givenNameSimão
person.givenNameFilomena
person.identifier107333
person.identifier810882
person.identifier.ciencia-idBA13-066A-678F
person.identifier.ciencia-idCF16-5443-F420
person.identifier.ciencia-id481D-73AD-8D0F
person.identifier.ciencia-id3418-47D5-5746
person.identifier.orcid0000-0001-8436-9216
person.identifier.orcid0000-0001-6595-9165
person.identifier.orcid0000-0002-9211-857X
person.identifier.orcid0000-0002-6844-333X
person.identifier.ridI-8470-2012
person.identifier.ridD-4148-2013
person.identifier.ridL-9802-2014
person.identifier.scopus-author-id7102331969
person.identifier.scopus-author-id7003570175
person.identifier.scopus-author-id57188719717
project.funder.identifierhttp://doi.org/10.13039/501100001871
project.funder.nameFundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia
rcaap.rightsopenAccesspt_PT
rcaap.typeconferenceObjectpt_PT
relation.isAuthorOfPublication956c561b-91f6-4292-812e-8b58eaf51a19
relation.isAuthorOfPublication7d93be47-8dc4-4413-9304-5b978773d3bb
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