Loading...
17 results
Search Results
Now showing 1 - 10 of 17
- The effects of aerobic, resistance or combined training on metabolic syndrome clinical biomarkers: a short reviewPublication . Teixeira, José Eduardo; Bragada, José A.; Bragada, João P.; Coelho, Joana C.M.M.; Pinto, Isabel; Reis, Luís P.; Magalhães, PedroMetabolic Syndrome (MetS) is a common metabolic disorder characterized by a cluster of factors include dysglycaemia, elevated blood pressure, elevated triglyceride levels, low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels, and central obesity. Sedentary lifestyle and low physical activity levels increased the interrelated risk for cardiovascular diseases and metabolic disorders. The aim of this short review was to analyse the effects of aerobic, resistance and combined training on MetS clinical biomarkers. Following the Preferred Reporting Item for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses (PRISMA), a systematic search of relevant Englishlanguage articles was performed from earliest record to March 2020. The literature search was performed by seven online databases specifically Web of Science (WoS), PubMed and SCOPUS. The literature search returned 14,912 articles (WoS=2,359; PubMed=1,392 and SCOPUS=11,161); 21 full-text articles were reviewed after screening procedures. From the reviewed studies, aerobic exercise was reported in nine studies and the resistance exercise was reported in five studies. The combined training (or multicomponent exercise) was reported in seven studies. Overall exercise modes decreases the MetS clinical biomarkers, however, the aerobic training seemed to be the most efficient exercise mode. Moreover, the resistance exercise appears to have a positive effect on MetS prevention when associated with aerobic exercise. Aerobic and resistance exercises can contribute significantly to metabolic syndrome prevention and reduce the associated risk of cardiovascular disease and metabolic disorders. Combining exercise modes (i.e. combined or multi-component training) could be a valid strategy to control the metabolic syndrome clinical biomarkers.
- Prevalence of Type 2 Diabetes, impaired fasting glucose, and diabetes risk in an adult and older North-Eastern Portuguese populationPublication . Magalhães, Pedro; Teixeira, José Eduardo; Bragada, João P.; Duarte, Carlos Manuel Teixeira; Bragada, José A.The aims of this study were (1) to evaluate the prevalence of type 2 diabetes (T2D) in a middle-aged north-eastern Portuguese population, (2) to analyze the prevalence of impaired fasting glucose (IFG), and (3) to assess the risk of T2D in this community-based sample. An exploratory, retrospective, and cross-sectional study was conducted from a total of 6570 individuals aged 18–102 years, among which 3865 were women (57.4 18.1 years) and 2705 were men (60.0 16.8 years). T2D diagnosis, IFG, and the diabetes risk score (low to very high risk) were assessed. The prevalence of T2D in this adult and an older north-eastern Portuguese population was 17.4%. A higher prevalence of T2D was reported in men (22.2%) than in women (14.0%); however, this was without significant differences (p = 0.086). Otherwise, the prevalence of T2D was significantly different among the age groups and increased with age (p < 0.001). Regarding IFG, a higher percentage of cases was observed in men (14.1%) than in women (8.4%) (p < 0.001). The risk of developing T2D in the next 10 years showed an association with sex and age group (p < 0.001) with a small-to-moderate effect (V = 0.1–0.3). Men and the elderly had the highest percentage of cases in the moderate-to-very high-risk bands. The current research confirmed a higher prevalence of T2D, IFG, and diabetes risk than previous Portuguese epidemiological reports. The results also suggest potential prediabetes cases, which should be carefully monitored. The current research adds evidence to the worldwide trend of the increasing prevalence of T2D and intermediate hyperglycemia (i.e., prediabetes).
- Comparison of Body Mass Index (BMI), before and post COVID-19, across different age groups in the population of Northeast PortugalPublication . Bragada, José A.; Teixeira, José Eduardo; Bragada, João P.; Ferreira, Ana Sofia de Jesus; Magalhães, PedroOver the last few decades, there has been a significant increase in obesity levels, particularly developed countries. This rise primarily reflects changes in dietary patterns, the rise of sedentary lifestyles, and socioeconomic factors. The Body Mass Index (BMI) has been a widely used parameter with the intention of evaluating body fat at any age (1,2). Although it's not the most rigorous method (3), it has the advantage of being easy to calculate and having many records available. In Portugal, there has also been an increase in the prevalence of obesity and overweight in recent years (4). The pandemic period (COVID-19), which lasted approximately 2 years (2020 and 2021), led to lifestyle changes for many people, often resulting in a notable decrease in physical activity. How has this period affected the BMI of these specific population?
- Sensibility and specificity analysis for waist to height ratio, body mass index and waist circumference as a screening criterion for metabolic syndrome in an adult North East Portuguese populationPublication . Teixeira, José Eduardo; Bragada, José A.; Bragada, João P.; Coelho, Joana C.M.M.; Pinto, Isabel; Reis, Luís P.; Saldanha, Laissa de Sousa; Duarte, Carlos Manuel Teixeira; Magalhães, PedroObesity is a central component of Metabolic Syndrome (MetS) and a major public health concern. A harmonizing MetS definition was developed to aggregate the different criteria used by the umbrella organizations, however there is still controversy over the most sensitive and specific parameter to characterize each MetS component
- A structural equation approach for modeling metabolic syndrome status in an adult and older North-Eastern Portuguese populationPublication . Teixeira, José Eduardo; Bragada, José A.; Bragada, João P.; Magalhães, PedroThe metabolic syndrome (MetS) is characterized by an interrelated cardiometabolic risk factors, specifically central obesity, dysglycemia, dyslipidemia and arterial hypertension. The aim of this study was to analyze the weighting factors for modeling metabolic syndrome status (3-, 4-, and 5-MetS components) in an adult and older North-Eastern Portuguese population. A cross-sectional, observational and retrospective analysis was conducted between January 2019 and December 2020 from patients’ clinical records of 3,581 individuals with MetS condition (18–102 years). A structural equation modelling (SEM) analysis was applied using a standardized root mean square residuals (SRMR) with a path-flow method and a two-step maximum likelihood approach. MetS was diagnosed using Joint Interim Statement (JIS) criteria. Confirmatory model had a good adjustement (SRMR = 0.0334), reporting the following links for weighting factors in MetS status for overall population: waist circumference (WC) (β = 0.24, 95% CI: 0.19–0.29, p <0.001), fasting glucose (FG) (β = 0.17, 95% CI: 0.12– 0.22; p <0.001), systolic blood pressure (SBP) (β = 0.14, 95% CI: 0.09–0.19; p <0.001), dyastolic blood pressure (DBP) (β = 0.06, 95% CI: 0.01–0.11; p <0.001), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-c) (β = 0.18, 95% CI: 0.12–0.23; p ≥0.05), and triglycerides (TG) (β = 0.05, 95% CI: 0–0.10; p ≥0.05). Weighting factors with the greatest effect were WC, FG, SBP and DBP, whereas there were no significant effects for HDL and TG. The action of low-density lipoproteins and triglyceride-rich lipoproteins cannot be discarded in the accumulation of atheroma plaques, as well as in the relationship amongst atherosclerosis and major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE). Therefore, the JIS definition has been widely debated to adding a better screening criterion for modelling the MetS diagnosis and progression using other criteria such as waist-to-height ratio (WhtR), waist-to-hip ratio (WHR), mean arterial pressure (MAP) and low-density lipoproteins (LDL) levels. Also, futures multivariate models should include exercise-related variables, i.e., frequency, intensity, time and type (FITT) principles, to measure the impact of the physical exercise on the MetS status change.
- Overweight, central obesity and abdominal obesity in middle-age adults in an inland region of Northeast Portuguese: a pilot studyPublication . Teixeira, José Eduardo; Bragada, José A.; Bragada, João P.; Coelho, Joana C.M.M.; Pinto, Isabel; Reis, Luís P.; Magalhães, PedroThe prevalence of central and abdominal obesity has been increasing over last decades in developed countries. As well, the high prevalence of obesity in Portugal has already been documented, however it is need to better understand the prevalence in each region of the country. Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of the overweight, central obesity and abdominal obesity in middle-age in an inland region of Northeast Portuguese. Methods: A descriptive and cross-sectional community sample was collected from two Portuguese primary health care centres between January 2019 and December 2020. A total of 673 individuals aged 40–65 years were included for analysis, among which 400 women (53.34 ± 7.33 years) and 273 men (53.01 ± 7.20 years). Prevalence of overweight, central obesity and abdominal obesity were analysed across sexes using body mass index and waist circumference. Categorical variables were expressed by counts and proportions with a 95% confidence interval (CI). Chi-squared test or fisher exact test were applied whenever appropriate. To compare continuous variables independent sample t-test or Mann-Whitney U test were used. Statistical significance was set at p < 0.05. Results: The prevalence of overweight, central obesity and abdominal obesity in this cross-sectorial sample were 41.01%, 30.61% and 67.20%, respectively. Significant differences among men and women were found for abdominal obesity (p < 0.001). Women presented a higher prevalence of abdominal obesity (67.5%). Men have higher prevalence of overweight (48.72%) and central obesity (31.14%) than women (35.75% and 30.25%, respectively). However, differences were not statistically significant between sexes for overweight and central obesity (p ≥ 0.05). Conclusion: A higher prevalence of overweight, central obesity and abdominal obesity was reported for middle- age adults in this inland region of Northeast Portuguese. Our data suggest a higher prevalence of all three clinical conditions, comparing previous Portuguese epidemiological studies. Current report provides the study pilot for a more detailed epidemiological research. Also, preliminary findings emphasise the importance of implementing physical activity programmes and promoting healthy lifestyles to tackling this growing public health problem.
- Sensibility and specificity analysis for waist-to-height ratio, body mass index and waist circumference as a screening criterion for metabolic syndrome in an adult North-East Portuguese populationPublication . Teixeira, José Eduardo; Bragada, José A.; Bragada, João P.; Coelho, Joana C.M.M.; Pinto, Isabel; Reis, Luís P.; Saldanha, Laissa de Sousa; Duarte, Carlos Manuel Teixeira; Magalhães, PedroObesity is a central component of Metabolic Syndrome (MetS) and a major public health concern. A harmonizing MetS definition was developed to aggregate the different criteria used by the umbrella organizations, however there is still controversy over the most sensitive and specific parameter to characterize each MetS component. The aim of this study was to compare the sensibility and specificity for waist-toheight ratio (WHtR), body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference (WC) to discriminate subjects with and without MetS in an adult North-East Portuguese population. Methods: A cross-sectional retrospective analysis was conducted between January 2019 and December 2020 from patients’ clinical records of two primary health care centers in a North-East Portuguese region. A total of 6570 individuals aged 18–102 years were included for analysis, among which 3865 women (57.37±18.67 years) and 2705 men (59.97±16.76 years). MetS was defined according to HARM2009 statement set by Alberti et al. (2009). Standardized cut-off points were used to measure WHtR (≥0.5), BMI (≥30 kg/m2) and WC (>88 cm in women and >102 cm in men). A binary logistic regression was performed for the areas under receiver operating characteristic curves (AUC) and adjusted odd ratios (OR) with a 95% confidence interval (CI). Results: MetS was present in 3,581 (54.51%) subjects, where 1,914 (49,52%) were women and 1,667 (61.63%) men. AUC demonstrated that WHtR was significantly more powerful than WC and BMI (p<0.05) for screening MetS (AUCWHtR = 0.785, 95% CI: 0.774–0.796; AUCWC = 0.768, 95% CI: 0.757–0.779; AUCBMI = 0.751, 95% CI: 0.703–0.796). Men are 1.53 (95% CI: 1.37–1.72, p<0.001) times more likely of having MetS compared to women. Also, the discriminative power of the three criteria for predicting MetS is higher in men (AUCWHtR = 0.795, 95% CI: 0.778–0.812; AUCWC = 0.783, 95% CI: 0.766–0.801; AUCBMI = 0.740, 95% CI: 0.722–0.759) than women (AUCWHtR = 0.782, 95% CI: 0.768–0.797; AUCWC = 0.760, 95% CI: 0.744–0.775; AUCBMI = 0.699, 95% CI: 0.683–0.716). However, WHtR is still the most powerfull screening criterion for MetS in both sexes. Conclusion: Adjusting individual’s waist circumference to height revealed a greater sensitivity and specificity for MetS screening than isolated WC and BMI. Current research suggests that WHtR is as a better predictor for MetS, specifically in its obesity component.
- Structural equation modelling for predicting the relative contribution of each component in the metabolic syndrome status changePublication . Teixeira, José Eduardo; Bragada, José A.; Bragada, João P.; Coelho, Joana C.M.M.; Pinto, Isabel; Reis, Luís P.; Fernandes, Paula Odete; Morais, J.E.; Magalhães, PedroUnderstanding the factor weighting in the development of metabolic syndrome (MetS) may help to predict the progression for cardiovascular and metabolic diseases. Thus, the aim of this study was to develop a confirmatory model to describe and explain the direct and indirect effect of each component in MetS status change. A total of 3581 individuals diagnosed with MetS, aged 18–102 years, were selected between January 2019 and December 2020 from a community-representative sample of Portuguese adults in a north-eastern Portuguese region to test the model’s goodness of fit. A structural equation modelling (SEM) approach and a two-way ANOVA (age × body composition) were performed to compare the relative contribution of each MetS component using joint interim statement (JIS). Waist circumference (β = 0.189–0.373, p < 0.001), fasting glucose (β = 0.168–0.199, p < 0.001) and systolic blood pressure (β = 0.140–0.162, p < 0.001) had the highest direct effect on the change in MetS status in the overall population and concerning both sexes. Moreover, diastolic blood pressure (DBP), triglycerides (TG) and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-c) had a low or non-significant effect. Additionally, an indirect effect was reported for age and body composition involving the change in MetS status. The findings may suggest that other components with higher specificity and sensitivity should be considered to empirically validate the harmonised definition of MetS. Current research provides the first multivariate model for predicting the relative contribution of each component in the MetS status change, specifically in Portuguese adults.
- Exercício na prevenção e tratamento das patologias metabólicas: um projeto de intervenção na comunidade de BragançaPublication . Teixeira, José Eduardo; Bragada, José A.; Bragada, João P.; Coelho, Joana C.M.M.; Pinto, Isabel; Reis, Luís P.; Magalhães, PedroO presente projeto de intervenção tem como objetivo a implementação de estratégias digitais e biológicas, visando a melhoria do bem-estar e a promoção da saúde no município de Bragança. Enquadrado no Projeto GreenHealth (Norte-01- 0145-FEDER-000042), pretende-se expor a importância da atividade física e dos estilos de vida saudáveis em problemas de Saúde Pública como a Síndrome Metabólica (SM) e a Diabetes Mellitus do tipo 2 (DM2). O projeto tem duas fases de implementação: (1) fase exploratória através de rastreios para estimar o risco de SM e DM2 na população alvo; (2) fase de intervenção com a implementação de programas de avaliação antropométrica, da atividade física e da condição física, assim como subsequente prescrição de exercício físico. A primeira fase será baseada no questionário de avaliação de risco de DM2 da Sociedade Portuguesa de Diabetologia e na avaliação epidemiológica de uma amostra representativa da comunidade brigantina. Esta fase pretende avaliar a prevalência de SM e DM2, bem como o número de pessoas em risco alto e muito alto. Posteriormente, a segunda fase do projeto visa promover atividades de intervenção ao nível da atividade física e do exercício físico. Dados preliminares da primeira fase do projeto demonstram uma elevada prevalência de SM e de DM2 na população estudada, tal como elevados índices de obesidade, dislipidemia, hipertensão e aumento da resistência à insulina. Estes factos enfatizam a necessidade de implementação de estratégias que visem a prevenção destas doenças metabólicas, especialmente pelo fomento do aumento da atividade física, realizada de forma controlada e consciente.
- Aerodynamic analysis of human walking, running and sprinting by numerical simulationsPublication . Forte, Pedro; Sousa, Nuno; Teixeira, José Eduardo; Marinho, D.A.; Monteiro, A.M.; Bragada, José A.; Morais, J.E.; Barbosa, Tiago M.The drag in walking, running, and sprinting locomotion can be assessed by analytical procedures and experimental techniques. However, assessing the drag variations by these three main locomotion’s (i.e., walking, running, and sprinting) were not found using computational fluid dynamics. (CFD). Thus, the aim of this study was two-fold: (1) to assess the aerodynamics of human walking, running, and sprinting by CFD technique; 2) compare such aerodynamic characteristics between walking and running. Three 3D models were produced depicting the walking, running, and sprinting locomotion techniques, converted to computer aided design models and meshed. The drag varied with 4 locomotion type. Walking had the lowest drag, followed-up by running and then sprinting. At the same velocities, the drag was larger in walking than in running and increased with velocity. In conclusion, drag varied with locomotion type. Walking had the lowest drag, followed-up by running and then sprinting. At the same velocities, the drag was larger in walking than in running and increased with velocity.