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- The effects of aerobic, resistance or combined training on metabolic syndrome clinical biomarkers: a short reviewPublication . Teixeira, José Eduardo; Bragada, José A.; Bragada, João P.; Coelho, Joana C.M.M.; Pinto, Isabel; Reis, Luís P.; Magalhães, PedroMetabolic Syndrome (MetS) is a common metabolic disorder characterized by a cluster of factors include dysglycaemia, elevated blood pressure, elevated triglyceride levels, low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels, and central obesity. Sedentary lifestyle and low physical activity levels increased the interrelated risk for cardiovascular diseases and metabolic disorders. The aim of this short review was to analyse the effects of aerobic, resistance and combined training on MetS clinical biomarkers. Following the Preferred Reporting Item for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses (PRISMA), a systematic search of relevant Englishlanguage articles was performed from earliest record to March 2020. The literature search was performed by seven online databases specifically Web of Science (WoS), PubMed and SCOPUS. The literature search returned 14,912 articles (WoS=2,359; PubMed=1,392 and SCOPUS=11,161); 21 full-text articles were reviewed after screening procedures. From the reviewed studies, aerobic exercise was reported in nine studies and the resistance exercise was reported in five studies. The combined training (or multicomponent exercise) was reported in seven studies. Overall exercise modes decreases the MetS clinical biomarkers, however, the aerobic training seemed to be the most efficient exercise mode. Moreover, the resistance exercise appears to have a positive effect on MetS prevention when associated with aerobic exercise. Aerobic and resistance exercises can contribute significantly to metabolic syndrome prevention and reduce the associated risk of cardiovascular disease and metabolic disorders. Combining exercise modes (i.e. combined or multi-component training) could be a valid strategy to control the metabolic syndrome clinical biomarkers.
- Sensibility and specificity analysis for waist to height ratio, body mass index and waist circumference as a screening criterion for metabolic syndrome in an adult North East Portuguese populationPublication . Teixeira, José Eduardo; Bragada, José A.; Bragada, João P.; Coelho, Joana C.M.M.; Pinto, Isabel; Reis, Luís P.; Saldanha, Laissa de Sousa; Duarte, Carlos Manuel Teixeira; Magalhães, PedroObesity is a central component of Metabolic Syndrome (MetS) and a major public health concern. A harmonizing MetS definition was developed to aggregate the different criteria used by the umbrella organizations, however there is still controversy over the most sensitive and specific parameter to characterize each MetS component
- Overweight, central obesity and abdominal obesity in middle-age adults in an inland region of Northeast Portuguese: a pilot studyPublication . Teixeira, José Eduardo; Bragada, José A.; Bragada, João P.; Coelho, Joana C.M.M.; Pinto, Isabel; Reis, Luís P.; Magalhães, PedroThe prevalence of central and abdominal obesity has been increasing over last decades in developed countries. As well, the high prevalence of obesity in Portugal has already been documented, however it is need to better understand the prevalence in each region of the country. Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of the overweight, central obesity and abdominal obesity in middle-age in an inland region of Northeast Portuguese. Methods: A descriptive and cross-sectional community sample was collected from two Portuguese primary health care centres between January 2019 and December 2020. A total of 673 individuals aged 40–65 years were included for analysis, among which 400 women (53.34 ± 7.33 years) and 273 men (53.01 ± 7.20 years). Prevalence of overweight, central obesity and abdominal obesity were analysed across sexes using body mass index and waist circumference. Categorical variables were expressed by counts and proportions with a 95% confidence interval (CI). Chi-squared test or fisher exact test were applied whenever appropriate. To compare continuous variables independent sample t-test or Mann-Whitney U test were used. Statistical significance was set at p < 0.05. Results: The prevalence of overweight, central obesity and abdominal obesity in this cross-sectorial sample were 41.01%, 30.61% and 67.20%, respectively. Significant differences among men and women were found for abdominal obesity (p < 0.001). Women presented a higher prevalence of abdominal obesity (67.5%). Men have higher prevalence of overweight (48.72%) and central obesity (31.14%) than women (35.75% and 30.25%, respectively). However, differences were not statistically significant between sexes for overweight and central obesity (p ≥ 0.05). Conclusion: A higher prevalence of overweight, central obesity and abdominal obesity was reported for middle- age adults in this inland region of Northeast Portuguese. Our data suggest a higher prevalence of all three clinical conditions, comparing previous Portuguese epidemiological studies. Current report provides the study pilot for a more detailed epidemiological research. Also, preliminary findings emphasise the importance of implementing physical activity programmes and promoting healthy lifestyles to tackling this growing public health problem.
- Sensibility and specificity analysis for waist-to-height ratio, body mass index and waist circumference as a screening criterion for metabolic syndrome in an adult North-East Portuguese populationPublication . Teixeira, José Eduardo; Bragada, José A.; Bragada, João P.; Coelho, Joana C.M.M.; Pinto, Isabel; Reis, Luís P.; Saldanha, Laissa de Sousa; Duarte, Carlos Manuel Teixeira; Magalhães, PedroObesity is a central component of Metabolic Syndrome (MetS) and a major public health concern. A harmonizing MetS definition was developed to aggregate the different criteria used by the umbrella organizations, however there is still controversy over the most sensitive and specific parameter to characterize each MetS component. The aim of this study was to compare the sensibility and specificity for waist-toheight ratio (WHtR), body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference (WC) to discriminate subjects with and without MetS in an adult North-East Portuguese population. Methods: A cross-sectional retrospective analysis was conducted between January 2019 and December 2020 from patients’ clinical records of two primary health care centers in a North-East Portuguese region. A total of 6570 individuals aged 18–102 years were included for analysis, among which 3865 women (57.37±18.67 years) and 2705 men (59.97±16.76 years). MetS was defined according to HARM2009 statement set by Alberti et al. (2009). Standardized cut-off points were used to measure WHtR (≥0.5), BMI (≥30 kg/m2) and WC (>88 cm in women and >102 cm in men). A binary logistic regression was performed for the areas under receiver operating characteristic curves (AUC) and adjusted odd ratios (OR) with a 95% confidence interval (CI). Results: MetS was present in 3,581 (54.51%) subjects, where 1,914 (49,52%) were women and 1,667 (61.63%) men. AUC demonstrated that WHtR was significantly more powerful than WC and BMI (p<0.05) for screening MetS (AUCWHtR = 0.785, 95% CI: 0.774–0.796; AUCWC = 0.768, 95% CI: 0.757–0.779; AUCBMI = 0.751, 95% CI: 0.703–0.796). Men are 1.53 (95% CI: 1.37–1.72, p<0.001) times more likely of having MetS compared to women. Also, the discriminative power of the three criteria for predicting MetS is higher in men (AUCWHtR = 0.795, 95% CI: 0.778–0.812; AUCWC = 0.783, 95% CI: 0.766–0.801; AUCBMI = 0.740, 95% CI: 0.722–0.759) than women (AUCWHtR = 0.782, 95% CI: 0.768–0.797; AUCWC = 0.760, 95% CI: 0.744–0.775; AUCBMI = 0.699, 95% CI: 0.683–0.716). However, WHtR is still the most powerfull screening criterion for MetS in both sexes. Conclusion: Adjusting individual’s waist circumference to height revealed a greater sensitivity and specificity for MetS screening than isolated WC and BMI. Current research suggests that WHtR is as a better predictor for MetS, specifically in its obesity component.
- Structural equation modelling for predicting the relative contribution of each component in the metabolic syndrome status changePublication . Teixeira, José Eduardo; Bragada, José A.; Bragada, João P.; Coelho, Joana C.M.M.; Pinto, Isabel; Reis, Luís P.; Fernandes, Paula Odete; Morais, J.E.; Magalhães, PedroUnderstanding the factor weighting in the development of metabolic syndrome (MetS) may help to predict the progression for cardiovascular and metabolic diseases. Thus, the aim of this study was to develop a confirmatory model to describe and explain the direct and indirect effect of each component in MetS status change. A total of 3581 individuals diagnosed with MetS, aged 18–102 years, were selected between January 2019 and December 2020 from a community-representative sample of Portuguese adults in a north-eastern Portuguese region to test the model’s goodness of fit. A structural equation modelling (SEM) approach and a two-way ANOVA (age × body composition) were performed to compare the relative contribution of each MetS component using joint interim statement (JIS). Waist circumference (β = 0.189–0.373, p < 0.001), fasting glucose (β = 0.168–0.199, p < 0.001) and systolic blood pressure (β = 0.140–0.162, p < 0.001) had the highest direct effect on the change in MetS status in the overall population and concerning both sexes. Moreover, diastolic blood pressure (DBP), triglycerides (TG) and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-c) had a low or non-significant effect. Additionally, an indirect effect was reported for age and body composition involving the change in MetS status. The findings may suggest that other components with higher specificity and sensitivity should be considered to empirically validate the harmonised definition of MetS. Current research provides the first multivariate model for predicting the relative contribution of each component in the MetS status change, specifically in Portuguese adults.
- Exercício na prevenção e tratamento das patologias metabólicas: um projeto de intervenção na comunidade de BragançaPublication . Teixeira, José Eduardo; Bragada, José A.; Bragada, João P.; Coelho, Joana C.M.M.; Pinto, Isabel; Reis, Luís P.; Magalhães, PedroO presente projeto de intervenção tem como objetivo a implementação de estratégias digitais e biológicas, visando a melhoria do bem-estar e a promoção da saúde no município de Bragança. Enquadrado no Projeto GreenHealth (Norte-01- 0145-FEDER-000042), pretende-se expor a importância da atividade física e dos estilos de vida saudáveis em problemas de Saúde Pública como a Síndrome Metabólica (SM) e a Diabetes Mellitus do tipo 2 (DM2). O projeto tem duas fases de implementação: (1) fase exploratória através de rastreios para estimar o risco de SM e DM2 na população alvo; (2) fase de intervenção com a implementação de programas de avaliação antropométrica, da atividade física e da condição física, assim como subsequente prescrição de exercício físico. A primeira fase será baseada no questionário de avaliação de risco de DM2 da Sociedade Portuguesa de Diabetologia e na avaliação epidemiológica de uma amostra representativa da comunidade brigantina. Esta fase pretende avaliar a prevalência de SM e DM2, bem como o número de pessoas em risco alto e muito alto. Posteriormente, a segunda fase do projeto visa promover atividades de intervenção ao nível da atividade física e do exercício físico. Dados preliminares da primeira fase do projeto demonstram uma elevada prevalência de SM e de DM2 na população estudada, tal como elevados índices de obesidade, dislipidemia, hipertensão e aumento da resistência à insulina. Estes factos enfatizam a necessidade de implementação de estratégias que visem a prevenção destas doenças metabólicas, especialmente pelo fomento do aumento da atividade física, realizada de forma controlada e consciente.
- The effects of aerobic, resistance or combined training on metabolic syndrome clinical biomarkers: a short reviewPublication . Teixeira, José Eduardo; Bragada, José A.; Bragada, João P.; Coelho, Joana C.M.M.; Pinto, Isabel; Reis, Luís P.; Magalhães, PedroMetabolic Syndrome (MetS) is a common metabolic disorder characterized by a cluster of factors include dysglycaemia, elevated blood pressure, elevated triglyceride levels, low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels, and central obesity. Sedentary lifestyle and low physical activity levels increased the interrelated risk for cardiovascular diseases and metabolic disorders. The aim of this short review was to analyse the effects of aerobic, resistance and combined training on MetS clinical biomarkers. Following the Preferred Reporting Item for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses (PRISMA), a systematic search of relevant English-language articles was performed from earliest record to March 2020. The literature search was performed by seven online databases specifically Web of Science (WoS), PubMed and SCOPUS. The literature search returned 14,912 articles (WoS=2,359; PubMed=1,392 and SCOPUS=11,161); 21 full-text articles were reviewed after screening procedures. From the reviewed studies, aerobic exercise was reported in nine studies and the resistance exercise was reported in five studies. The combined training (or multicomponent exercise) was reported in seven studies. Overall exercise modes decreases the MetS clinical biomarkers, however, the aerobic training seemed to be the most efficient exercise mode. Moreover, the resistance exercise appears to have a positive effect on MetS prevention when associated with aerobic exercise. Aerobic and resistance exercises can contribute significantly to metabolic syndrome prevention and reduce the associated risk of cardiovascular disease and metabolic disorders. Combining exercise modes (i.e. combined or multi-component training) could be a valid strategy to control the metabolic syndrome clinical biomarkers.
- Overweight, central obesity and abdominal obesity in middle-age adults in an inland region of northeast Portuguese: a pilot studyPublication . Teixeira, José Euardo; Bragada, José A.; Bragada, João P.; Coelho, Joana C.M.M.; Pinto, Isabel C.; Reis, Luís P.; Magalhães, PedroThe prevalence of central and abdominal obesity has been increasing over last decades in developed countries. As well, the high prevalence of obesity in Portugal has already been documented, however it is need to better understand the prevalence in each region of the country. Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of the overweight, central obesity and abdominal obesity in middleage in an inland region of Northeast Portuguese. Methods: A descriptive and cross-sectional community sample was collected from two Portuguese primary health care centres between January 2019 and December 2020. A total of 673 individuals aged 40–65 years were included for analysis, among which 400 women (53.34 ± 7.33 years) and 273 men (53.01 ± 7.20 years). Prevalence of overweight, central obesity and abdominal obesity were analysed across sexes using body mass index and waist circumference. Categorical variables were expressed by counts and proportions with a 95% confidence interval (CI). Chi-squared test or fisher exact test were applied whenever appropriate. To compare continuous variables independent sample t-test or Mann-Whitney U test were used. Statistical significance was set at p < 0.05. Results: The prevalence of overweight, central obesity and abdominal obesity in this cross-sectorial sample were 41.01%, 30.61% and 67.20%, respectively. Significant differences among men and women were found for abdominal obesity (p < 0.001). Women presented a higher prevalence of abdominal obesity (67.5%). Men have higher prevalence of overweight (48.72%) and central obesity (31.14%) than women (35.75% and 30.25%, respectively). However, differences were not statistically significant between sexes for overweight and central obesity (p ≥ 0.05). Conclusion: A higher prevalence of overweight, central obesity and abdominal obesity was reported for middle-age adults in this inland region of Northeast Portuguese. Our data suggest a higher prevalence of all three clinical conditions, comparing previous Portuguese epidemiological studies. Current report provides the study pilot for a more detailed epidemiological research. Also, preliminary findings emphasise the importance of implementing physical activity programmes and promoting healthy lifestyles to tackling this growing public health problem.
- Prevalence of type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in a middle-age North-East Portuguese population: an exploratory and preliminary studyPublication . Teixeira, José Eduardo; Bragada, José A.; Bragada, João P.; Coelho, Joana C.M.M.; Pinto, Isabel; Reis, Luís P.; Magalhães, PedroBackground: Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) is a chronic metabolic disease with a growing impact on morbidity and mortality worldwide. Previous studies detected a high prevalence of T2DM in Portugal, however the latest Portuguese epidemiological reports about Diabetes were performed in 2010 and 2015. Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of T2DM in a middle-age Portuguese population from a North-East Portuguese region. Methods: An exploratory study was conducted between January 2019 and December 2020 from two primary health care centers in a North-East Portuguese region. A total of 673 individuals aged 40–69 years were analyzed, among which 400 women (53.34 ± 7.33 years) and 273 men (53.01 ± 7.20 years). T2DM diagnosis were based on World Health Organization (WHO) and International Diabetes Federation (IDF) criteria (2006). Impaired fasting glucose (IFG) was included for analysis (≥110.0mg/dLand<126.0 mg/dL). Categorical variables were expressed by counts and proportions with a 95% confidence interval (CI). Chi-squared test or fisher exact test was applied whenever appropriate. Results: The prevalence of T2DMin this middle-age Portuguese population was 14.9%. Significant differences among sexes were found (p<0.05) with a higher prevalence for men (17.9%) than women (12.8%). Also, T2DM prevalence was significant different among age-groups with an increase with age (p < 0.001). T2DM prevalence represented 5.8%, 16.0% and 25.5% of the cases on age groups 40–49 years, 50–59 years and 60–69 years, respectively. Analyzing the prevalence of T2DM in each age group according to sex, women had 4.7%, 12.4% and 24.5% diabetic cases in the age groups 40–49 years, 50–59 years and 60–69 years, respectively. Otherwise, men had 7.4%, 21.6% and 26.9% of the diagnosed T2DM for the same age groups. Regarding to IFG, 5.1% of the non-diabetics presented some degree of change in fasting glucose in the blood. Of those, the higher percentage of IFG cases was present in men (4.5%) than women (0.6%). Individuals with 60–69 years have higher percentage of IFG (12.5%) than other age-groups (4.3% and 5.0% for 40–49 and 50–59 years, respectively). Women had ab normal-values for fasting glucose in 4.9%, 1.3% and 8.5% of the 40–49 years, 50–59 years and 60–69 years’ age-groups, respectively. Conversely, men presented 3.4%, 11.5% and 18.4% of IFG prevalence for the same age-groups. Conclusion: A high prevalence of T2DM was reported in the studied middle-age North-East Portuguese population. Men have a higher number of diabetics, however an age-related increase for both sexes. The results also suggest potential cases of pre-diabetes, which should be carefully monitored. Further epidemiological reports should include the influence of socio-demographic factors, physical activity patterns and health-risk behaviors on prevalence of T2DM.
- The effects of aerobic, resistance or combined training on metabolic syndrome clinical biomarkers: a short reviewPublication . Teixeira, José Eduardo; Bragada, José A.; Bragada, João P.; Coelho, Joana C.M.M.; Pinto, Isabel; Reis, Luís P.; Magalhães, PedroMetabolic Syndrome (MetS) is a common metabolic disorder characterized by a cluster of factors include dysglycaemia, elevated blood pressure, elevated triglyceride levels, low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels, and central obesity. Sedentary lifestyle and low physical activity levels increased the interrelated risk for cardiovascular diseases and metabolic disorders. The aim of this short review was to analyse the effects of aerobic, resistance and combined training on MetS clinical biomarkers. Following the Preferred Reporting Item for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses (PRISMA), a systematic search of relevant English-language articles was performed from earliest record to March 2020. The literature search was performed by seven online databases specifically Web of Science (WoS), PubMed and SCOPUS. The literature search returned 14,912 articles (WoS=2,359; PubMed=1,392 and SCOPUS=11,161); 21 full-text articles were reviewed after screening procedures. From the reviewed studies, aerobic exercise was reported in nine studies and the resistance exercise was reported in five studies. The combined training (or multicomponent exercise) was reported in seven studies. Overall exercise modes decreases the MetS clinical biomarkers, however, the aerobic training seemed to be the most efficient exercise mode. Moreover, the resistance exercise appears to have a positive effect on MetS prevention when associated with aerobic exercise. Aerobic and resistance exercises can contribute significantly to metabolic syndrome prevention and reduce the associated risk of cardiovascular disease and metabolic disorders. Combining exercise modes (i.e. combined or multi-component training) could be a valid strategy to control the metabolic syndrome clinical biomarkers.