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- Development of a new method for characterizing olive cultivar resistance to Verticillium dahliae, the causal agent of Verticillium wiltPublication . Antón-Domínguez, Begoña I.; Valverde, Pedro; Agustí-Brisach, Carlos; Trapero, CarlosVerticillium wilt of olive (Olea europaea L.), caused by the soil-borne fungus Verticillium dahliae Kleb., is one of the most important diseases affecting this crop. Using resistant cultivars is among the most effective control measures. Various inoculation methods have been used to assess olive cultivars resistance to Verticillium wilt under controlled conditions, but significant discrepancies often arise when comparing results with field conditions. This study aimed to develop a new method capable of detecting subtle differences in resistance or susceptibility among olive cultivars. Olive cultivars 'Picual', 'Arbequina', 'Koroneiki' and 'Frantoio' were inoculated using an artificial substrate containing V. dahliae microsclerotia at two doses (20 and 80%). For comparison, root seedlings were also immersed in a conidial suspension of the pathogen. The 20% substrate dose allow distinguished close levels of susceptibility ('Picual' and 'Arbequina'), while the 80% dose can distinguish between close variations of resistance ('Koroneiki' and 'Frantoio'). To validate these findings under real conditions, a field experiment was conducted over 4 years, demonstrating alignment with the controlled environment results. 'Frantoio' consistently showed the highest resistance, 'Picual' the greatest susceptibility, and 'Arbequina' exhibited intermediate levels, thus confirming the differentiation achieved using the artificial inoculation method. Consequently, this newly developed method offers a significant advancement in the accuracy and reliability of resistance assessments for olive cultivars against Verticillium wilt within breeding programs.
- Severity assessment of isolates of defoliating and nondefoliating Verticillium dahliae pathotypes on woody and herbaceous hostsPublication . Antón-Domínguez, Begoña I.; López-Moral, Ana; Lovera, María; Arquero, Octavio; Trapero, Antonio; Trapero, Carlos; Agustí-Brisach, CarlosVerticillium wilt, caused by the soilborne fungus Verticillium dahliae Kleb. is a major vascular disease affecting a wide range of woody and herbaceous hosts worldwide. The aim of this study was to assess the pathogenicity of defoliating (D) and nondefoliating (ND) V. dahliae pathotypes-isolated from pistachio (Pistacia vera L.) and olive (Olea europaea L.)-on two commonly used Pistacia rootstocks in the Mediterranean basin (P. terebinthus and UCBI hybrid) as well as on other major V. dahliae-susceptible hosts, such as olive, cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) and tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.). Compared with the ND isolates, the D pathotype from olive induced greater disease progression in olive and cotton. However, no differences in the final disease severity in cotton were observed between D and ND isolates from olive. In terebinth plants, no significant difference in disease progression and severity was noted between the D and ND isolates, whereas UCBI remained symptomless and showed high resistance, although with a significant reduction in plant biomass in inoculated plants. Notably, the ND isolates from pistachio were significantly more aggressive on terebinth than on cotton or olive, highlighting host-specific interactions and the intraspecific variability of V. dahliae. These findings contribute to the understanding of V. dahliae host-pathogen dynamics and reinforce the importance of selecting resistant rootstocks, particularly in pistachio-growing regions where Verticillium wilt is prevalent in the soil.