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- Teaching introductory programming in top universities: a global study of languages, paradigms, assessment, and AIPublication . Gomes, João Pedro; Monteiro, Redney; Moreira, André; Mendonça, Vítor; Pinho, Anabela; Cunha, Carlos R.This study examines the first two introductory computer science courses (CS1 and CS2) at the world's top universities, focusing on the choice of programming languages and paradigms, assessment types and weights, and policies regarding student use of AI tools. Data were compiled from 150 programming courses across 83 institutions ranked in the Shanghai 2023 Global Ranking of Academic Subjects for Computer Science & Engineering. The analysis reveals that the prevailing languages are Python in CS1 (32.5 %) and Java in CS2 (56.7 %). Typical transitions from CS1 to CS2 involve moving from Python or C to Java. There are some regional preferences: Asian institutions favor lower-level languages like C and C++, whereas European universities explore functional programming languages like Haskell. Regarding programming paradigms, CS1 emphasizes imperative approaches, sometimes introducing object-oriented concepts later in the course, while CS2 consolidates objectoriented programming. However, some CS1 courses adopt a functional paradigm. Course assessments are typically divided into several categories, with a preference for exams and various types of continuous assessments. However, there is also significant use of projects, quizzes, and labs. Examinations usually have the highest weight in the final grade. Course-level policies on students' use of generative AI tools reveal very different approaches, from complete prohibition to active encouragement. These findings offer valuable insights into how leading universities approach programming education in a multidimensional view that includes languages, paradigms, assessments, and AI tools policies.
- Programming Language Choices for Introductory Computer Science Courses: Global Trends from the 2023 Shanghai RankingPublication . Gomes, João Pedro; Monteiro, Redney; Moreira, André; Pinho, Anabela; Mendonça, Vítor; Cunha, Carlos R.This study examines the selection of programming languages in the first two introductory computer science courses at top universities globally, emphasizing their distribution, progression, and regional variations. Data were gathered from 150 programming courses across 83 institutions ranked in the Shanghai 2023 Global Ranking of Academic Subjects for Computer Science and Engineering. The analysis reveals that Python is the primary language used in CS1 (32.5%), while Java dominates CS2 (56.7%), collectively accounting for over half of the offerings. Additionally, Java remains a common choice when a single language is used across both courses. Regional preferences exhibit significant diversity: Asian institutions favor lower-level languages like C and C++, whereas European universities explore functional programming languages like Haskell. Common transitions between courses include moves from Python to Java and from C to Java, indicating a preference for more robust languages at advanced levels. These findings offer valuable insights into global programming education trends adopted by leading universities and provide references for curriculum design and pedagogical strategies in introductory programming courses. Limitations include incomplete data from some institutions and variability in information accessibility, suggesting opportunities for future research.
- Augmented Reality and Mixed Reality in the Factory of the Future: A Bibliometric AnalysisPublication . Monteiro, Redney; Ana Mara Moreira; Moreira, André; Jorge Laranjeira; Barbosa, José; Oliveira, Pedro Filipe; Cunha, Carlos R.; Paulo Leitão; Leitão, PauloMixed Reality (MR) and Augmented Reality (AR) - technologies which are part of the spectrum of Extended Reality (XR) - are considered emerging technologies and have gained increasing attention across multiple sectors, including Tourism and Healthcare, due to their versatility as tools for training, simulation, and education, as well as their potential to serve as innovative Human-Machine Interfaces (HMI). Simultaneously, other emerging technologies such as Internet of Things (IoT), Artificial Intelligence (AI), and Robotics have become central themes in R&D associated with the Fourth Industrial Revolution, commonly referred to as Industry 4.0, which emphasizes the digital transformation of industrial processes, through the integration of the new technologies. Beyond their relevance to Industry 4.0, XR technologies are also potential technologies in the emerging paradigm of Industry 5.0, which shifts the focus toward human-centric solutions and collaboration between humans and machines, this potential being based on the ability to enhance human interaction with complex systems. This paper presents the results of a bibliometric analysis of 634 peer-reviewed journal articles indexed in Web of Science and Scopus, spanning research from the past decade (2015 - 2025), as contribute to support future research and guide relevant stakeholders by identifying prevailing trends, leading contributors, and key publication sources in the domain of XR applied to industrial contexts.
- Uma Abordagem de Computação Acessível para Alavancar o Turismo Inteligente em Territórios de Baixa DensidadePublication . Gomes, João Pedro; Moreira, André; Monteiro, Redney; Mendonça, Vítor; Cunha, Carlos R.Este artigo explora o conceito de Cidades Inteligentes adaptado a áreas de baixa densidade populacional, com um foco específico no turismo. É apresentado um modelo tecnológico acessível e flexível para explorar redes de sensores, utilizando tecnologias de transmissão de baixo custo e baixo consumo energético, como a LoRaWAN. É apresentado um modelo modular que integra sensores de baixo custo, redes de longa distância e plataformas de análise de dados, visando a monitorização de diversos parâmetros passíveis de utilização em diversos contextos, em particular o turístico. A abordagem de aquisição e utilização de dados de forma colaborativa fomenta a escalabilidade do sistema e promove soluções de parceria. Descreve-se o protótipo implementado para testar a viabilidade técnica e o potencial da proposta como impulsionador do desenvolvimento local. Este trabalho contribui para a expansão do conceito de região inteligente em territórios menos povoados.