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- Data acquisition system using IoT to monitor sheep and goat mobilityPublication . Araujo, Mateus; Leitão, Paulo; Bernuy, Miguel Angel Chincaro; Castro, JoséThis study investigates the development of an autonomous data acquisition, transport, storage and visualization system based on Internet of Things (IoT) technologies to monitor sheep and goat grazing in the north-eastern region of Portugal. The system was designed with an emphasis on the autonomy, reliability and ergonomics of the device, making use of technologies such as Long Range (LoRa) and Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) to enable accurate monitoring of the animals during grazing. By adopting an IoT architecture with distinct functional layers, the system allows data to flow from collection to presentation, thus contributing to efficient land use management and optimizing agricultural productivity in the region. The tests carried out demonstrated the system’s effectiveness in various scenarios, highlighting its ability to maintain data integrity even in remote areas with an unstable connection. With an autonomy of up to 37 days, the system proved to be robust and reliable in its operation. The analysis of the collected data revealed patterns in the animals’ behavior during grazing, providing a deeper understanding of their habits and allowing for more informed decision-making. In addition, the system was carefully designed with a focus on the animals’ well-being, ensuring that they were not hindered in their daily activities. This concern for animal comfort reinforces the system’s viability and sustainability in agricultural environments.
- Smart Small Ruminant Device: An IoT-Based System for Real-Time Monitoring and Management of Sheep and Goat MobilityPublication . Costa de Araujo, Mateus; Castro, José; Castro, Marina; Leitao, Paulo; Bernuy, Miguel; HelenaThe traditional agricultural practice of silvopastoralism, combining cultural heritage and ecological management, plays a vital role in food production and landscape management. This article explores the integration of precision livestock farming (PLF) into silvopastoral landscapes, using Internet of Things (IoT) technologies for monitoring and data transmission. Commercially available tracking devices lack interesting ergonomics, price and autonomy, and most companies do not focus on goats and sheep. A customized IoT device was developed and tested on goats, employing temperature/humidity sensors, relative position, geolocation and a longrange communication module. The system architecture enabled real-time data flow through the sensing, service and interface layers, resulting in data visualization. The results demonstrate the high reliability, low cost, interesting autonomy and appropriate ergonomics of the device, with the animals exhibiting normal behavior during the tests. The study highlights the effectiveness of IoT-enabled PLF for understanding grazing dynamics and animal behavior in silvopastoral systems, highlighting its potential for sustainable landscape management and the welfare of goats and sheep.