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- Sexual satisfaction and binge eating behaviors: correlation studyPublication . Pereira, Filomena; Pereira, Ana Maria Geraldes Rodrigues; Ribeiro, Maria Isabel; Veiga-Branco, AugustaAs basic human needs, diet and sexuality depend on the connections of multiple systems (muscular, neuro-endocrine, metabolic and reproductive), as well as aspects related to emotions, feelings and pleasure. Methods: A transversal, exploratory and quantitative, descriptive and correlational study. The instruments for data collection were the following: a questionnaire to describe the participants, the Index of Sexual Satisfaction (ISS) and the Binge Eating Scale (BES), both of which were translated and adapted to the Portuguese population. The statistical analysis was carried out with the statistics software program SPSS, version 23. Results: The results of the descriptive analysis show a sample of 306 patients, of which 69.3% are female and 30.7% are male, witb ages ranging from 18 to 64 years old. The study shows that the Binge Eating Scale (BES) is divided into three levels, with 219 respondents (71.6% of the sample) who are non-binging, followed by 49 patients (16% of the sample) with moderate binge and finally, in smaller numbers, 38 patients (12.4% of the sample) with severe binging. Furthermore, the study shows that even those with a BMI in the healthy weight range (4.5% and 1.5% in this category) show a moderate BES and a severe BES respectively.The correlational analysis confirmed the existence of a statistically significant (p ,205; α ,000) positive correlation between the sexual satisfaction of the sample and lhe level of binge eating. Furthermore, there was a highly significant statistical correlation between the BES, ISS and BMI variables, with a triangulation effect. Conclusion; This study demonstrates that people with normal weight or with an apparently "normal" profile can in fact show binge eating behaviors. In the study related to the level of Sexual Satisfaction (SS) of patients on difterent scales ofthe Boáy Mass Index (IMC), lhe average rate of ISS increases with the degree of obesity, indicating that these groups are dissatisfied with their sexuality, which increases with the level of BMI.
- Excessos alimentares e saúde: o que dizem os provérbiosPublication . Antão, Celeste; Pereira, Ana Maria Geraldes Rodrigues; Veiga-Branco, Augusta; Sousa, FilomenaPerscrutando a História e perpetuando as suas raízes culturais ao longo de gerações, a alimentação terá emergido de um ato irracional, fortemente orientada para a manutenção de vida e da sobrevivência das espécies. Além de assegurar a sobrevivência humana traduz ainda o contexto em que o ser humano se move e as práticas alimentares que elege. Objetivo: Reconhecer comportamentos e atitudes de excessos alimentares e respetivas práticas sociais, através das narrativas proverbiais. Metodologia: pesquisa bibliográfica sobre as repercussões que os excessos alimentares têm na saúde. Em simultâneo pesquisaram-se achados paremiológicos sobre a temática recorrendo à AIP-Associação Internacional de Paremiologia bem como a utilização de provérbios conhecidos das autoras. Conclusões: Verificou-se existirem provérbios que encerram verdades e comportamentos a seguir relativamente à alimentação. A ingestão regrada em alimentos e bebidas é algo que os provérbios nos fazem refletir sendo muitos deles corroborados cientificamente.
- BMI and the perception of the importance given to sexuality in obese and overweight peoplePublication . Pereira, Ana Maria Geraldes Rodrigues; Veiga-Branco, Augusta; Pereira, Filomena; Ribeiro, Maria IsabelLiterature has been pointing towards obesity as the moderating variable of a depressive vicious cycle of self-esteem and self-image, with sócia] isolation, anxiety and depression. This in turn drives people to channel sexual pleasure into the pleasure of food, thus aggravating their condition of obesity even more and consequently causing a major negative impact on the individual's sexual life. Ojective: To assess the importance given to sexuality in obese and overweight individuals as well as assessing the existence of a correlation between these variables. Methods A quantitative exploratory study was conducted on 218 patients of both genders (68.3 % female and 31.7 % male) aged between 18 and 65. Data collection was carried out in several hospitais in the centre and north of the country. The data was collected by using the Index of Sexual Satisfaction (ISS). Results Among participants, 82.2 % were obese or overweight. Among the obese, 38.1 % registered a type l obesity; 16.4 % had type II obesity (severe); and 8.7 % had type III obesity (morbid). The obese revealed to be the ones who gave the most importance to sexuality, despite also being the ones who present the highest sexual dissatisfaction. Finally, the results show that there is a positive correlation, though weak, between sexual dissatisfaction and BMI. Conclusions Obese individuais are the ones who revealed the highest sexual dissatisfaction. Therefore, the cause of such dissatisfaction must be sought and valued as an issue related to obesity.
- Experientes In affective-sexual obesity contextsPublication . Pereira, Filomena; Pereira, Ana Maria Geraldes Rodrigues; Veiga-Branco, AugustaIntroduction: The adverse effects of obesity are well documented; however, a growing topic is that relationship with sexuality. Studies show that obesity is associated with a decrease in sexual desire and involvement, avoidance of sexual encounters difficulties in sexual performance, reduced number of sexual partners, and the females to report poor quality of sexual life. Methods: With the objective to find relationships between the level of Body Mass Index (BMI) and sexual experiences, we proceeded to a quantitative descriptive methodology through the BMI calculation to a sample of 306 users of Obesity Therapy (30.7% gender male and 69.3% female) aged 18 and 65 years. Results: The results are Grade I obesity in most (96 to 31.4%) and pre-obesity in 23.5% (72) of respondents, but obesity and pre-obesity, particularly Obesity Grade I (63- 65.6% of individuais) is more prevalent in marital status ' 'Married''. Respondents with higher BMI have lower qualifications. Regarding the number of sexual partners, it appears that the higher the BMI, the lower the number of sexual partners that the sample states: 63 of respondents Obesity Grade I self reports a sexual partner, and the normal weight respondents, this number varies between 1 and 20, while the class III obesity varies from l to 4 partners. Individuas with normal weight and pre-obesity present frequency of sexual relations / week between 2/3 times / week, while individuals with Obesity Grade II and Grade III have this frequency 1/2 times/week. BMI assumes influence of variable outlines the quality of affective and sexual experiences. It is considered urgent and relevant to invest in Sexual Education and Nutrition at the level of these populations.
- Relation between body mass index and periodic eating compulsionPublication . Pereira, Filomena; Pereira, Ana Maria Geraldes Rodrigues; Veiga-Branco, AugustaPeriodic Eating Compulsion (PEC) is most frequently associated to obese and overweight subjects. However, studies indicate that subjects with a normal weight also show PEC episodes. Methods: A quantitative exploratory study was designed with the purpose to know the ratio between Body Mass Index (BMI) and PEC, involving a sample of 306 people both genders with different BMI categories (0.3% of the sample was underweight, 21.9% had normal weight, 23.5% were pre-obese, 31.4% had Grade I obesity, 14.1% had Grade II obesity and 8.8% had Grade III obesity). Data was collected by means of the Periodic Eating Compulsion Scale (PCES) at 4 hospitais in the North and Centre regions of the country. Results: In the overall sample, 219 subjects (71. 6%) were found to have no PEC, 49 subjects (16. 0%) had moderate PEC and a further 38 subjects (12.4%) had severe PEC. In consonance with the literature in this field, the descriptive study of the study variables showed that all the BMI category groups - with the exception of a low weight patient - showed PEC behaviours. Conclusion: It was observed that the higher the BMI, the higher the number of subjects with compulsive-type PEC, a fact considered to be pertinent for new studies in this overweight population. The results show the need for nutritional education and renewed vigilance in the population with PEC.
- Body image perception in adolescents and concern with weightPublication . Pereira, Ana Maria Geraldes Rodrigues; Antão, Celeste; Veiga-Branco, AugustaIn a holistic conception of health, youth health is moderated by their self image and the perception that adolescents have of themselves is conditioned by social and cultural pressure, and low selfesteem is often observed, possibly caused by the way they perceive their own body, having as a consequence, an health proile with morbidities. Recognize the level of youth heath assessing Body Image perception and their concern with weight. It is a descriptive, quantitative and transversal study. Based on a sampling error lower than 5% and a conidence level of 95%, the study was carried out on a sample of 600 adolescents aged between 12 and 18. A self-ad-ministered questionnaire validated for adolescents was conducted by Di Pietro (2002). The sample is composed of 44% male and 56% female adolescents, with an age mean of 15.54. 61.2% of the boys and 83.6% of the girls stated to be concerned with their weight. The main reasons given for this concern were health associated with aesthetics (29.1% of boys and 38.5% of girls). The results show that 12.8% of boys and 23.5% of girls are dissatisied with their body image. The study revealed that the variable gender is statistically moderating in relation to the variables: body image perception and concern with weight: female adolescents show a higher dissatisfaction with their body image (0.003) and a bigger concern with weight (0.000). The results point out towards the need for assessment/ intervention in this population as body image represents a paramount issue in adolescence, with the body image self-perception being strongly associated with the biopsychosocial maturing process, which interferes with their level of health and personal and social development.
- Perfil descritivo: competências emocionais em diabéticosPublication . Veiga-Branco, Augusta; Pereira, Ana Maria Geraldes Rodrigues; Pires, Maria; Ribeiro, Maria IsabelA Competência Emocional e um constructo que integra cinco domínios ou capacidades, definida como uma “capacidade apreendida, baseada na inteligência emocional, que resulta num desempenho extraordinário no trabalho”. As pessoas emocionalmente competentes apresentam na prática uma relação consigo e com os outros, francamente mais positiva do que aqueles que apresentam sinais de iliteracia emocional. Num estudo realizado numa amostra de diabéticos do norte de Portugal constatou-se uma correlação negativa entre os níveis mais elevados de sofrimento e depressão - que cursa com emoções de polaridade negativa, como a tristeza, a angústia, o medo e a raiva, e níveis mais baixos de aceitação da doença. Pelo contrário verificou-se uma correlação positiva significativa entre a vivência de baixos níveis de sofrimento e depressão com experiencias moderadas de emoções negativas e a aceitação da doença. Assume-se a relação entre competências socio emocionais complementares das técnicas (Barsade y Gibson, 2007) para se aceder ao perfil de Competência Emocional (Saarni, 2002; Bisquerra, 2002; Veiga Branco, 2007) em Diabéticos. Objetivos: Identificar as atitudes e comportamentos mais frequentemente vivenciados, e que por isso se assumem como indicadores do perfil de Competência Emocional em Diabéticos. Este estudo, do tipo transversal e correlacional e de carater exploratório teve como base uma amostra, não probabilística, por conveniência, constituída por 22 Diabéticos. Os dados foram recolhidos, pela Associação de Diabéticos de Bragança, durante os meses de maio e junho de 2015, usando como instrumento de recolha a "Escala Veiga de Competência Emocional" (EVCE) (Veiga-Branco, 2004). Esta escala e constituída por 86 itens, distribuídos por cinco capacidades de Competência Emocional: 1) Autoconsciência; 2) Gestão das emoções; 3) Auto motivação; 4) Empatia e 5) Gestão das emoções em grupo. Para cada item o inquirido indicou o grau de frequência utilizando uma escala de 7 pontos. Os participantes tinham em média 65,3 anos de idade (DP } 6,482), variando as idades dos 49 aos 75 anos. A maioria (63,6%) era do género masculino e padecia da diabetes tipo 2 (90,9%). Tendo em conta o tipo de tratamento, mais de 70% dos respondentes tomavam antidiabéticos (77,3%) e praticavam uma dieta adequada a sua condição. Cerca de 41% praticava exercício físico e 31,8% tomava insulina. O programa informático utilizado para editar e tratar os dados foi o SPSS 22.0. Recorreu-se a estatística descritiva para caracterizar a amostra, através do cálculo de frequências absolutas e relativas, medidas de tendência central e de dispersão; Foi utilizado o alfa Cronbach para analisar a consistência interna das respostas, e por fim, recorreu-se ao teste de Spearman para correlacionar as cinco dimensões das competências emocionais. Foi utilizado um nível de significância de 5%. Foi testada a fiabilidade e validade do questionário. A consistência interna dos 86 itens agrupados em cinco dimensões de competências emocionais foi igual a .839. O alfa Cronbach, para as cinco dimensões, variou entre 0,6 e 0,9, superando, de acordo com Pestana & Gageiro (2005), o mínimo aceitável. Os resultados permitem concluir que a escala desenvolvida por Veiga-Branco (data) e um bom instrumento, para medir o nível de competências emocionais em doentes crónicos da diabetes. O ranking das médias das cinco dimensões foi o seguinte: Gestão de competências em grupo (Média=4,39; DP=0,999); Autoconsciência (Média=4,26; DP=0,578); Empatia (Média=3,83; DP }0,843); Gestão das emoções (Média=3,77; DP=0,815) e a Auto motivação (Média=3,70; DP=0,652). Por fim, foram encontradas correlações estatisticamente significativas, positivas e fortes entre as dimensões Gestão das emoções (ρ=0,777; p=0,000), Auto motivação (ρ=0,669; p=0,000), Empatia (ρ=0,667; p=0,001) e as Competências emocionais, bem como entre a Empatia e a Gestão de emoções em grupo (ρ=0,796; p=0,000).
- Body mass index profile in adolescents and its relation with weight concernsPublication . Pereira, Ana Maria Geraldes Rodrigues; Veiga-Branco, Augusta; Pereira, FilomenaThe percentage of obese adolescents has increased during the past years, which as lead the World Health Organization to consider obesity as the main epidemic of the XXI century. However, adolescents are not immune to body image and weight concerns. This sensibility regarding weight might be an asset, allowing a healthy eating behaviour. Objectives: Analyse the adolescent's body mass index (BMI); Evaluate the relation between the BMI and the weight concerns. Methods: Restrictive, quantitative and transversal study. By gathering a simple random sample, and considering a sampling error of 3.5%, a sample of 600 adolescents (44% of the male sex and 56% of the female sex) with ages among 12-18 years old and attending the EB 2/3 Schools, High Schools and Professional Schools from Bragança, was studied. The BMI was determined through the calculation ofthe ration between the measure of the body mass in kilograms and the height in meters, squared (mass (kg)/height (m)2), and classified with the criteria established by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. For the collection of data regarding weight concerns, it was used a self-administered questionnaire adapted from Luciana Apetite et al (2010). For the statistics analysis, it was used the SPSS programme version 14.0 (2005) for Windows, Microsoft. Results: 7,2% of boys and 5,7% of girls, in lhe age group 12-14 years old, and 15,9% and 10,1%, respectively, in the age group of 15-18 years old, had overweight/obesity. At a 5% significance level, it was demonstrated that the BMI was statistically dependent oft he sex (et: 5. 171; vp: 0, 160) and the age group (et: 1,900; vp: 0,593). Also, 61,2% of boys and 83,6% of girls stated that they worry about their weight. The concerns regards weight are statistically associated to the BMI observed (et:17,225; vp: 0,001). Conclusion: The results showed that 23, 1% of boys and 15,8% of girls have a BMI above the recommended amounts and, also, that it is statistically dependent of weight concerns. From this point of view, the interventions among young people must be multifaceted, never forgetting the elements that constitute the human being (psychological and biological).
- Sexual satisfaction and binge eating behaviors: correlation studyPublication . Pereira, Filomena; Pereira, Ana Maria Geraldes Rodrigues; Ribeiro, Maria Isabel; Sampaio, Daniel; Veiga-Branco, AugustaAs basic human needs, diet and sexuality depend on the connections of multiple systems (muscular, neuro-endocrine, metabolic and reproductive), as well as aspects related to emotions, feelings and pleasure. Methods: A transversal, exploratory and quantitative, descriptive and correlational study. The instruments for data collection were the following: a questionnaire to describe the participants, the Index of Sexual Satisfaction (ISS) and the Binge Eating Scale (BES), both of which were translated and adapted to the Portuguese population. The statistical analysis was carried out with the statistics software program SPSS, version 23. Results: The results of the descriptive analysis show a sample of 306 patients, of which 69.3% are female and 30.7% are male, with ages ranging from 18 to 64 years old. The study shows that the Binge Eating Scale (BES) is divided into three levels, with 219 respondents (71.6% of the sample) who are non-binging, followed by 49 patients (16% of the sample) with moderate binge and finally, in smaller numbers, 38 patients (12.4% of the sample) with severe binging. Furthermore, the study shows that even those with a BMI in the healthy weight range (4.5% and 1.5% in this category) show a moderate BES and a severe BES respectively.. The correlational analysis confirmed the existence of a statistically significant (p ,205; a ,000) positive correlation between the sexual satisfaction of the sample and lhe level of binge eating. Furthermore, there was a highly significant statistical correlation between the BES, ISS and BMI variables, with a triangulation effect. Conclusion:This study demonstrates that people with normal weight or with an apparently "normal" profile can in fact show binge eating behaviors. In the study related to the level of Sexual Satisfaction (SS) of patients on difterent scales of the Body Mass Index (IMC), lhe average rate of ISS increases with the degree of obesity, indicating that these groups are dissatisfled with their sexuality, which increases with the level of BMI.
- Body mass index profile in adolescents and its relation with weight concernsPublication . Pereira, Filomena; Veiga-Branco, Augusta; Pereira, Ana Maria Geraldes RodriguesThe percentage of obese adolescents has increased during the past years, which as lead the World Health Organization to consider obesity as the main epidemic of the XXI century. However, adolescents are not immune to body image and weight concerns. This sensibility regarding weight might be an asset, allowing a healthy eating behaviour. Objectives: Analyse the adolescent’s body mass index (BMI); Evaluate the relation between the BMI and the weight concerns. Methods: Restrictive, quantitative and transversal study. By gathering a simple random sample, and considering a sampling error of 3.5%, a sample of 600 adolescents (44% of the male sex and 56% of the female sex) with ages among 12-18 years old and attending the EB 2/3 Schools, High Schools and Professional Schools from Bragança, was studied. The BMI was determined through the calculation of the ration between the measure of the body mass in kilograms and the height in meters, squared (mass (kg)/height (m)2), and classified with the criteria established by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. For the collection of data regarding weight concerns, it was used a self-administered questionnaire adapted from Luciana Apetito et al (2010). For the statistics analysis, it was used the SPSS programme version 14.0 (2005) for Windows, Microsoft. Results: 7,2% of boys and 5,7% of girls, in the age group 12-14 years old, and 15,9% and 10,1%, respectively, in the age group of 15-18 years old, had overweight/obesity. At a 5% significance level, it was demonstrated that the BMI was statistically dependent of the sex (ET: 5.171; vp: 0,160) and the age group (ET: 1,900; vp: 0,593). Also, 61,2% of boys and 83,6% of girls stated that they worry about their weight. The concerns regards weight are statistically associated to the BMI observed (ET:17,225; vp: 0,001) Conclusion: The results showed that 23,1% of boys and 15,8% of girls have a BMI above the recommended amounts and, also, that it is statistically dependent of weight concerns. From this point of view, the interventions among young people must be multifaceted, never forgetting the elements that constitute the human being (psychological and biological).
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