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  • Visitors’ intra-attraction space-time behaviour: a content and bibliometric analysis
    Publication . Rodrigues, Isabel; Martins, Márcio Ribeiro; Esteves, Elsa Tavares
    The aim of the paper is to identify the research trends on visitors’ intra-attraction space-time behaviour in tourism studies, presenting and discussing some theoretical aspects related to concepts, constructs and methodological options expressed in articles related with this topic published in Scopus database. The main contributions to the management of intra-attraction visitors’ space-time behavior are provided. The search carried out in the Scopus platform reveals a growing interest in the visitors’ space-time behavior in tourism studies. The most productive authors, the most relevant journals and the research areas of published articles were identified. With the selected articles a content analysis was performed and the geographic scale of analysis and the methodology used were also identified. However, few articles specifically focus on visitors’ intra-attraction behavior have been published. Keyword co-occurrence analysis allowed the identification of main research topics with focus on distinctive themes, such as “tourism development”, “tourist behavior”, “ecotourism”, “tourist attraction”, "big data" or “social networks”, among others. The main contributions to the attractions management were selected and analysed, such as, to better managing visitor congestion and crowding, reducing waiting times; to the enhancement of the attraction's facilities and the quality of tourist experiences, in particular by implementing measures to improve visitor mobility; and to the segmentation of the target public, promoting personalised products and services, among others.
  • Social media Flickr in tourism research: a content and bibliometric analysis
    Publication . Martins, Márcio Ribeiro; Martins, Estela
    Goal: The aim of the paper is to identify the research trends on the social network Flickr usage in tourism studies, presenting and discussing Flickr contributions to Destination Management Organizations (DMO). Method: Literature review, content and bibliometric analysis using VosViewer software. Findings: The search carried out in the Scopus platform reveals a growing interest in the use of social network Flickr in tourism studies. The most productive authors, the most relevant journals and the research areas of published articles were identified. With the selected articles a content analysis was performed and the geographic scale of analysis and the methodology used were also identified. Keyword co-occurrence analysis allowed the identification of main research topics with focus on distinctive themes, such as environmental protection and protected areas, tourist destinations and 178 tourist attractions, among others. The main contributions to the DMO's were selected and analysed. The geotagged data from Flickr photographs allows to capture the movement trajectories of tourists at different scales, to model changes and trends in travel behaviour for different tourism markets, to understand the spatial and temporal distribution of tourists and the dispersion of the economic effects of tourism or to identify the places and attractions most visited or ignored by visitors.
  • Backpacker conceptualisation criteria: discussion, clarification and operationalisation proposal
    Publication . Martins, Márcio Ribeiro; Costa, Rui Augusto
    Purpose – Backpackers can be found all over the world, especially in urban areas where the main enclaves are established. The purpose of this paper is to discuss the operationalisation of the term ‘‘backpacker’’ and present a proposal to conceptualise backpackers and backpackers’ segments based on the operational criteria available in literature to avoid incongruities among researchers. Design/methodology/approach – Based on a literature review, this study provides a critical review of the backpacker conceptualisation and operationalisation using amethodology divided into three phases, a quantitative analysis based on the Scopus database and a bibliometric analysis coupled with a manual analysis of documents (content analysis). Findings – Substantial heterogeneity and complexity regarding the conceptualisation of backpacker tourism and its diversified subsegments were evident. For this reason, this paper argues that backpacker tourism can and should continue to be analysed from different perspectives, suitably framed in the theoretical instrument constructed to identify and distinguish the different subsegments through its operationalisation features. Originality/value – This study provides a practical contribution to all researchers interested in the topic of backpackers proposing the operationalisation of the term backpacker and it subsegments to avoid disparate results and deviations. This contribution will enable the correct and objective assessment of the operationalisation of this concept for researchers, managers and destination management organisations, identifying exactly what phenomenon is to be studied.