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- Padrões de comportamento espaciotemporais dos turistas backpackers no destino urbano do Porto: o método do alinhamento sequencialPublication . Martins, Márcio Ribeiro; Costa, Rui AugustoEste artigo tem como objetivo principal identificar padrões de comportamento espaciotemporais de turistas backpackers de visita a um destino urbano. Essa informação pode ser utilizada pelos gestores do destino e stakeholders locais para atraírem turistas deste segmento, tornando mais eficiente a sua estratégia de planeamento, gestão e marketing. Foi utilizado com sucesso uma app GPS, gratuita e de acesso livre, para rastrear os movimentos dos turistas, demonstrando que os smartphones são uma poderosa e eficiente ferramenta de recolha de dados no âmbito do turismo. Os dados georreferenciados foram ainda analisados no software ClustalG que procedeu ao alinhamento sequencial dospercursos realizados. Foram identificados dez padrões de visita distintos tendo em conta as sequências de atividades realizadas quer no espaço, quer no tempo, e identificadas as áreas mais visitadas. O cruzamento da informação obtida através do alinhamento sequencial com os dados obtidos através da aplicação de um questionário, permitiu ainda explorar um conjunto de características relativas ao dia de visita e aos turistas backpackers. Conclui-se que o segmento backpacker é heterogéneo no seu comportamento espaciotemporal e que os seus elementos experienciam o destino urbano de forma distinta.
- Backpackers’ order and visit length in an urban world heritage destination: an analysis using ordered logit and linear modelsPublication . Martins, Márcio Ribeiro; Mourão, Paulo; Costa, Rui AugustoDescribed as a group of independent travelers with flexible itineraries and without substantial time constraints, backpackers constitute one of the tourist segments that has drawn the attention of many researchers around the world. However, little is known about how this segment of travelers behaves in destinations from a space-time perspective. The purpose of this study is to examine the relevance of the order and visit length on backpackers' space-time behavior in an urban world heritage destination. Using geographic information system (GIS) software, the sequence and the length of the visit were identified. To analyze the order of the places visited, we used the ordered logit method and to study the duration dimension a multivariate equation, estimated by OLS with heteroskedasticity robust errors, was selected. The results showed that no variable in particular influences the order of the places visited in any of the parishes simultaneously, reinforcing the underlying randomness in relation to the order in which destination parishes are visited. Length of stay is mostly influenced by factors related to mobility conditions as well as factors exogenous to tourists' decision-making capacity.
- Tracking technologies in tourism: a bibliometric and content reviewPublication . Martins, Márcio Ribeiro; Costa, Rui AugustoUnderstanding how tourists move within a destination can give an important contribution to the planning and management of destinations, particularly in terms of their impacts. Therefore, studying the spatial and temporal behaviour of tourists, namely their physical movements in space and time, implies resorting to a set of techniques that enable the tracking of their movements. This paper intends to identify the most important tracking technologies on tourism research and its major advantages and disadvantages. Based on a literature review, this study provides a critical review of the most important tracking technologies in tourism research divided into two phases, a quantitative analysis based on the Scopus database and a bibliometric analysis coupled with a manual analysis of documents (content analysis).
- Backpackers' space–time behavior in an urban destination: the impact of travel information sourcesPublication . Martins, Márcio Ribeiro; Costa, Rui Augusto; Moreira, António CarrizoThis research aims to identify the information sources used by backpackers before and during the visit to an urban destination and its influence on the movements performed. It uses a questionnaire survey combined with a GPS app to track the movements of backpackers to identify backpackers' spatiotemporal behavior. A bivariate analysis using non-parametric tests was used to examine the relationships between variables. This study concludes that the consulting online information before the visit has a great deal of influence on the spatiotemporal behavior of the backpackers, namely on the linearity and intensity of the visit. If online information sources are very important due to the intense use of information by backpackers, word of mouth from other travelers should not be disregarded as an important information source. This research can contribute to the definition of more informed and differentiating tourism marketing strategy considering the information sources used and its influence on the movements performed during the visit.
- Motivations and spatiotemporal behaviour in an urban destinationPublication . Martins, Márcio Ribeiro; Costa, Rui AugustoThe number of young tourists has been growing fastest worldwide, and among them backpackers are a growing segment in the tourism industry. The importance of youth tourism is a global challenge for tourism professionals and particularly to urban destinations. Understanding their spatiotemporal behavior is of utmost importance. The main objective of this chapter is to discuss the motivations and spaciotemporal behavior of generation Z and its importance for sustainability of urban destinations. Data collection was performed using a questionnaire survey and GPS tracking of movements made during a visit day. A total of 74 tourist trip itineraries (Smartphone GPS tracks) and questionnaires from Generation Z and Generation Y backpackers were collected. Both generation backpackers consume the urban destination in a very similar way. However, Generation Z and Y reveal a different pattern of temporal behavior: generation Z backpackers made short-duration visits comparing to those of Generation Y,
- The backpacker tourist: a contemporary perspectivePublication . Martins, Márcio Ribeiro; Costa, Rui AugustoThe Backpacker Tourist: A contemporary perspective explores the increasing number of people traveling around the world as backpackers and analyses the great diversification of this demographic and their varied experiences while traveling.
- How digital media influence hotel’s image? Effective communication strategies for its promotionPublication . Campante, Ana; Costa, Rui Augusto; Martins, Márcio RibeiroOver time, the media have gained a special prominence in the daily life of society by changing the functioning of various sectors. Tourism is one of the sectors that has changed most with the evolution of the media, and many researchers are studying the effects that these changes have produced. In a sector such as tourism where communication plays an extremely important role, a study is conducted to analyse the influence that the media can have on the hotel industry. Thus, this research intends to study the influence that the media can have on the accommodation having as a starting point a specific case which is a hotel located in Aveiro, the Hotel das Salinas (HdS). The aim of this research is to identify the extent to which the various types of media influence the promotion of HdS to consumers and to what extent can the results obtained provide data to allow improvements in the promotion strategy of the Hotel on its performance. To this end, was adopted a quantitative methodology based on the application of a questionnaire. With the completion of this research, it is concluded that digital media are influencing the guests of HdS and the respondents also noted that the hotel communication strategy is being effective contributing to a positive image about the hotel.
- Backpacker conceptualisation criteria: discussion, clarification and operationalisation proposalPublication . Martins, Márcio Ribeiro; Costa, Rui AugustoPurpose – Backpackers can be found all over the world, especially in urban areas where the main enclaves are established. The purpose of this paper is to discuss the operationalisation of the term ‘‘backpacker’’ and present a proposal to conceptualise backpackers and backpackers’ segments based on the operational criteria available in literature to avoid incongruities among researchers. Design/methodology/approach – Based on a literature review, this study provides a critical review of the backpacker conceptualisation and operationalisation using amethodology divided into three phases, a quantitative analysis based on the Scopus database and a bibliometric analysis coupled with a manual analysis of documents (content analysis). Findings – Substantial heterogeneity and complexity regarding the conceptualisation of backpacker tourism and its diversified subsegments were evident. For this reason, this paper argues that backpacker tourism can and should continue to be analysed from different perspectives, suitably framed in the theoretical instrument constructed to identify and distinguish the different subsegments through its operationalisation features. Originality/value – This study provides a practical contribution to all researchers interested in the topic of backpackers proposing the operationalisation of the term backpacker and it subsegments to avoid disparate results and deviations. This contribution will enable the correct and objective assessment of the operationalisation of this concept for researchers, managers and destination management organisations, identifying exactly what phenomenon is to be studied.