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- Build orientation optimization of car hoodvent with additive manufacturingPublication . Matos, Marina A.; Rocha, Ana Maria A.C.; Costa, Lino; Pereira, Ana I.Additive manufacturing is a widely used process consisting in the building of a three-dimensional (3D) object from a model projected on a computer, adding the material layer-by-layer. This technology allows the printing of complex shape objects and is being increasingly adopted by the aircraft industry, medical implants, jewelry, footwear, automotive, fashion products, among others. The build orientation optimization of 3D models has a great influence on costs and surface quality when printing three-dimensional objects. In this work, three build orientation optimization problems are studied: single objective problem, bi-objective problem and many-objective problem. To this end, three quality measures are applied: the support area, the build time and the surface roughness, for the Car Hoodvent model. First, a single-objective optimization problem is presented and solved by the genetic algorithm, obtaining optimal solutions for each objective function. Then, the study of the bi-objective optimization problem is carried out for each pair of two objectives and some representative trade-off solutions are identified. Finally, the study of the many objective optimization problem, considering the three measures optimized simultaneously, is presented with some more optimal solutions found. The bi-objective and many-objective problems are solved by a multi-objective genetic algorithm. For a better analysis and comparison of the solutions found, the Pareto fronts are used, enabling a better visualization of the solutions between the objectives. This study aims to assist the decision-maker in choosing the best part print orientation angles according to his/her preferences. The optimal solutions found confirmed the effectiveness of the proposed approach.
- Multi-objective optimization in the build orientation of a 3D CAD modelPublication . Matos, Marina A.; Rocha, Ana Maria A.C.; Costa, Lino; Pereira, Ana I.Over the years, rapid prototyping technologies have grown and have been implemented in many 3D model production companies. A variety of different additive manufacturing (AM) techniques are used in rapid prototyping. AM refers to a process by which digital 3D design data is used to build up a component in layers by depositing material. Several high-quality parts are being created in various engineering materials, including metal, ceramics, polymers and their combinations in the form of composites, hybrids, or functionally classified materials. The orientation of 3D models is very important since it can have a great influence on the surface quality characteristics, such as process planning, post-processing, processing time and cost. Thus, the identification of the optimal build orientation for a part is one of the main issues in AM. The quality measures to optimize the build orientation problem may include the minimization of the surface roughness, build time, need of supports, maximize of the part stability in building process or part accuracy, among others. In this paper, a multi-objective approach was applied to a computer-aided design model using MATLAB® multi-objective genetic algorithm, aiming to optimize the support area, the staircase effect and the build time. Preliminary results show the effectiveness of the proposed approach. © 2021, The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG.