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- Advice on how to start beekeeping, memories with bees and the uses of honey: results of an online questionnaire with European beekeepersPublication . Perichon, Samuel; Adamchuk, Leonora; Biber, Lejla; Božič, Janko; Chlebo, Róbert; Filipi, Janja; Leidenberger, Sonja; Mavrofridis, Georgios; Özgör, Erkay; Pocol, Cristina Bianca; Porporato, Marco; Rodríguez-Flores, María Shantal; Vilas-Boas, Miguel; Zacepins, AleksejsBeekeeping is a demanding activity that requires both particular human qualities from those who practise it and an environment that is favourable to bees. This is why the interviewed beekeepers advise to take time to think before starting to keep the bees, to find a mentor, and to always have the desire to get to know the bees even if this is not enough for success. In Northern and Western Europe, beekeepers consider patience and calmness as essential qualities to be a “good beekeeper”, while in Southern Europe, passion for bees is the main driver of success. The reasons for abandonment or failure also include human and environmental factors. To better understand the relationship between beekeepers and their bees, interviewees were encouraged to share their best memories. With years of experience, contemplative memories fade into memorable situations in which bee practices are described, and then in turn, they fade into moments of sociability. Honey harvesting plays an important role. Productive considerations are more expressed in Southern Europe, where it is an exceptional harvest that marks on people’s minds, more than the first honey harvest. The strong connection to their bees and the territory they live in is also expressed in the choice of their favourite honey. Many beekeepers mentioned the local honey production, which they are proud to produce with their own bees, even though they sometimes became criticized for a too high price for this local product. © 2024 International Bee Research Association.
- Analysis of Airborne Fungal Spores in Lima, Perú (2021–2024): Seven Clinically Important Spore TypesPublication . Idiaquez, Alexa Paredes; Calderón-Llosa, Oscar; Feliciano, Manuel; Sánchez-Reyes, EstefaníaFungal spore calendars help illustrate the abundance and distribution of spores throughout the year, enabling clinicians and patients to predict and treat allergic symptoms based on spore presence and concentration. This three-year study (2021–2024) established the first fungal spore calendar for the most clinically important spore types in Lima, Perú: Alternaria, Cladosporium, Nigrospora, Curvularia, Drechslera, Fusarium, and Stemphylium. Air sampling was performed using a Burkard volumetric spore trap placed on the rooftop of SANNA Clínica el Golf in San Isidro, Lima. Cladosporium was the most abundant (37,945 spores/m3), followed by Nigrospora (11,558), Curvularia (3946), Fusarium (2454), Alternaria (2138), Drechslera (1850), and Stemphylium (201). The highest concentrations of Alternaria, Nigrospora, Curvularia, and Drechslera were recorded in 2023–2024, with seasonal peaks mainly during spring/summer. Meteorological correlations showed that Alternaria, Cladosporium, Nigrospora, and Curvularia were positively correlated with temperature while Drechslera had a negative correlation. Cladosporium, Curvularia, Fusarium, and Stemphylium were negatively correlated with relative humidity, while other types showed a mix of both positive and negative responses or inverse responses. These two meteorological parameters are likely the main influences on spore concentrations; however, other factors may include other meteorological parameters. Cladosporium correlated positively with southwesterly winds, and negatively with northwesterly, winds, and Curvularia was positively correlated with northeasterly winds.
- Anthropogenic Barriers Limit Fish Access to Essential Habitats in the Amazon in the Face of Climate ChangePublication . Yofukuji, Kátia Yasuko; Fabrin, Thomaz Mansini Carrenho; Stabile, Bruno Henrique Mioto; Agostinho, Angelo Antonio; Jézéquel, Céline; Batista‐Silva, Valéria Flávia; Esser, Luiz Fernando; Ferreira, José Hilário Delconte; Ré, Reginaldo; Tedesco, Pablo A.; Azevedo, João C.; Bailly, DayaniBarriers represent one of the greatest threats to river integrity and freshwater fish, as they fragment habitats and impair species dispersal, particularly in a scenario of climate change. In this context, we applied a novel framework that combined predictions of species distribution models with a river connectivity index to identify accessible and climatic‐environmental suitable habitats for frugivorous and socioeconomically important fish in the Amazon basin. We also ranked dams based on their potential for river fragmentation and blocking access to climate refuge for fish species that provide essential ecosystem functions and services in the Amazon. Our results revealed that there are still extensive areas that remain both connected and climatic‐environmentally suitable along the Amazon‐Solimões rivers, acting as core areas for fish dispersal and tracking suitable habitats. However, the planned expansion of hydropower infrastructure combined with climate change can lead to a contraction of areas that will remain simultaneously climatic‐environmental suitable and connected. By identifying and ranking the most impactful barriers, our results can provide innovative and applicable information for sustainable energy planning decisions in the Amazon. These results can inform policies and conservation actions aimed at preserving river connectivity, biodiversity, and ecosystem services under rapidly changing conditions.
- Application of encapsulated tomato by-product extract as a colorant in mascarponePublication . Molina, Adriana K.; Leichtweis, Maria Gabriela; Machado, Manuela; Silva, Sara; Pintado, Manuela; Barreira, João C.M.; Dias, Maria Inês; Prieto Lage, Miguel A.; Barros, Lillian; Pereira, CarlaAgricultural by-products, often underutilized, represent a significant opportunity to obtain sustainable value-added products to develop new functional foods. In this context, the (typically discarded) aerial parts of tomato plants (Solanum lycopersicum L. var. cerasiforme), were studied as new sources of natural bioactive compounds, focusing the extraction and encapsulation (using spray drying with maltodextrin as the encapsulant) of chlorophylls. The encapsulated natural colorant was subsequently incorporated into mascarpone cheese to assess its stability and effect on nutritional and antioxidant properties. The obtained extracts were mainly characterized by high concentrations of bioactive compounds, particularly quercetin-3-O-deoxyhexoside (14.4 ± 0.3 mg/g). The colorant imparted a greener hue to the mascarpone (a* –6.0 ± 0.05 vs. –1.7 ± 0.05 in control, p < 0.001) and maintained antioxidant activity (OxHLIA EC₅₀ = 1440 ± 72 to 1166 ± 66 μg/mL, p = 0.030) without altering the nutritional profile (p > 0.05). Moreover, no cytotoxicity was observed, and the fatty acid composition remained unchanged. Accordingly, the studied encapsulated colorant might be used as a functional ingredient in other dairy products, imparting an attractive color while preserving nutritional integrity. In conclusion, the incorporation of TAPC is an effective strategy to enrich dairy products with natural pigments and bioactive compounds without compromising quality. Future research is needed to explore its application in other food matrices and assess long-term storage effects.
- Association between handgrip strength and mortality in individuals undergoing hemodialysis: A retrospective cohort studyPublication . Klippel, Leticia de Paiva Souza; Martins, Cleodice Alves; Barbosa, Karen dos Santos; Leandro, Larissa Vitória Batista; Cattafesta, Monica; Cunha, Alexandre Cardoso da; Soares, Ana Cristina de Oliveira; Prado, Camila Bruneli do; Ferreira, Júlia Rabelo Santos; Peterle, Fernanda Zobole; Almeida-de-Souza, Juliana; Haraguchi, Fabiano Kenji; Furtado, Elane Viana Hortegal; Neto, Edson Theodoro dos Santos; Salaroli, Luciane BrescianiHandgrip strength offers a valuable method to detect changes and reduced muscle strength and frailty and can help improve prognosis by early diagnosis. Therefore, the aim of the study was to evaluate the association between reduced muscle strength and mortality in individuals undergoing hemodialysis. Retrospective cohort study with 994 individuals. Sociodemographic, clinical, and lifestyle variables were obtained from a 2019 study. Mortality data were sourced from death certificates recorded from 2019 to 2022 in the Mortality Information System. Muscle strength was classified based on the following cut-off values: <27 kg for men and <16 kg for women. Survival curves were constructed using the Kaplan-Meier method and Cox Regression was used to evaluate the effect of handgrip strength and age on the time. More than 65 % of individuals in the sample show depleted strength, most of which were older adults (43.25 %, p < 0.001) and men (41.32 %, p = 0.008). Older adults with depleted strength showed a significantly higher number of observed deaths than expected ones (p < 0.001). After adjustment, HGS remained a significant predictor, associated with a 49 % increased risk of death (95 % CI: 1.16-1.91, p = 0.002). Having more than 11 years of formal education demonstrated a protective effect, reducing the risk of death by 1.6 times (95 % CI: 0.41-0.88, p = 0.009). Diabetes was found to be associated with almost a twofold increase in the risk of mortality (95 % CI: 1.54-2.49, p < 0.001). The decrease in handgrip strength predicts mortality in individuals undergoing hemodialysis with the risk being higher among older adults, those with diabetes and individuals with fewer than 11 years of education. (c) 2025 European Society for Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.
- Banana Peels as Substrate for Lactic Acid Production: Upstream Fermentation BioprocessPublication . Pedrosa, Mariana C.; Heleno, Sandrina A.; Alvarez, Cristina; Susmozas, Ana; Ballesteros, Ignacio; Pintado, Manuela; Barros, Lillian; Carocho, MárcioPurpose Banana peels account for around 30-40% of the banana's weight and represent an industrial waste. This biomass can be used as an eco-friendly solution for biotechnological bioprocesses. Still, due to the fibrous nature of banana peels, pretreatment becomes essential to enhance the effectiveness of enzymes on the hydrolysis of complex carbohydrates. This study aims to determine the best pretreatment and enzymatic hydrolysis conditions to produce a fermentation substrate suitable for producing lactic acid from the peels.MethodsA diluted H2SO4 (0.5% and 0.25%) was used in an autoclave for 10 min at 121 degrees C. The pretreated material was subjected to several enzymatic hydrolysis tests in which two variables were evaluated for their influence: solid load (10, 15 and 20%), and H2SO4 concentration (0.5 and 0.25% v/v). Commercial enzymes (cellulolytic enzyme mixtures and pectinase) were used.ResultsAll enzymatic hydrolysis yields of cellulose referring to glucose released in the hydrolysates surpassed 60% in all the conditions tested after pretreatment. After evaluating the pretreatment efficiency, the ideal parameters were defined as 0.25% H2SO4, and cellulolytic enzyme mixtures with 15 and 20% solid load. Subsequently, a screening was carried out in MRS + broth with the most suitable pH and temperature conditions for lactic acid production by Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus.ConclusionsThe results showed the potential of BP medium for lactic acid production, with yields of 0.91 g/g sugar in sugar-containing media from enzymatic hydrolysis at 15% solid load and 0.82 g/g sugar in media from 20% solid load assays.
- Beyond the Bench: The Professional Identity of Research Management and AdministrationPublication . Santos, José M.R.C.A.; Varela, Carolina; Fischer, Melinda; Kerridge, SimonThis study addresses the dearth of theoretical stances on the professional status of research managers and administrators (RMAs) based at higher education institutions and at other science-related organizations. Using the lens of ’narrative identities’ theory, it explores their professional identity in contemporary neoliberal research and innovation ecosystems. Through semi-structured interviews and thematic analysis, the study examines whether RMAs consistently articulate a distinct professional identity. Findings reveal that RMAs exhibit a strong sense of purpose, navigating dynamic professional trajectories infuenced by both public management structures and personal motivations. Despite recognizing their unique expertise, RMAs face identity tensions that bridge academia and other professional spheres. The study highlights the growing need to professionalize RMAs and the potential for more formal recognition of their role.
- Carob and pomegranate extracts enhance plant defence mechanisms against olive anthracnose through antioxidant activity and phenolic compounds productionPublication . Antón-Domínguez, Begoña I.; Sánchez-Pereira, Luiza; Lamas, Sandra; Rodrigues, Nuno; Baptista, Paula; Agustí-Brisach, CarlosOlive anthracnose (OA), caused by Colletotrichum species, is one of the most economically damaging disease in olive sector. This study was focused to identify sustainable control alternatives by evaluating the effect of pomegranate and carob extracts against OA and elucidating their mode of action. In vitro assays on mycelial growth, conidial production, and germination, and appressoria formation of C. godetiae and C. nymphaeae were performed. Neither extract significantly inhibited mycelial growth, while both reduced reproductive structures formation of the pathogens. Bioassays on detached and attached olive fruits in plants of cv. Arbequina, treated with extracts and/or inoculated with C. godetiae were conducted to evaluate the effect of the extracts on disease progression. Despite of the limited effect of the extracts on reducing disease progression in detached fruit, curative applications were more effective than preventive ones. Carob extract was more effective than pomegranate extract in reducing the disease incidence progression in attached fruit in planta. The resistance-inducing effect of plant extracts was evaluated by quantifying of H2O2 and phenolic compounds production in olive leaves at 0, 3, 7 and 24 h after inoculation with C. godetiae. Both extracts increased these parameters in the inoculated plants, with carob extract triggering an earlier activation and promoting a greater diversity of phenolic compounds accumulation. These findings reveals that these two extracts act as resistance inducers through different effective defence pathways, with carob extract standing out as a promising bioprotector against OA. These results open new possibilities for environmentally friendly management of OA using plant extracts.
- Common agricultural policy support to silvopasture in the European Atlantic regionPublication . Santiago-Freijanes, Jose Javier; Rodríguez-Rigueiro, Francisco Javier; Ferreiro-Domínguez, Nuria; López-Díaz, Ma Lourdes; Rigueiro-Rodríguez, Antonio; Castro, Marina; González-Hernández, María Pilar; Fernández-Lorenzo, Juan Luis; Romero-Franco, Rosa; García-Berrios, Julian Jesús; Hallez, Tobi; Anzilotti, Solaria; Giannetti, Francesca; Pantera, Anastasia; Aldrey-Vázquez, José Antonio; Couso-Viana, Ana; Hosseini-Yekani, Seyed-Ali; Porto-Serantes, Nélida; Mosquera-Losada, María RosaAgroforestry practices are sustainable forms of land management recognized by the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) and the European Commission (EC). These organizations have established mechanisms to promote agroforestry globally. However, the policies they create often lack monitoring and thorough impact evaluation. To effectively analyze how policies promote agroforestry, it is crucial to consider the scale and context in which these practices are implemented. Policies should be tailored to specific socioeconomic and environmental contexts to ensure their relevance and effectiveness. The best practices that emerge can be applied to similar situations. The objective of this study was to analyze the current state of silvopasture in the Atlantic region of Europe and the Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) measures associated with the Rural Development Programs (RDPs). The goals are to enhance our understanding of how sustainable land use systems are promoted and to provide insights that can foster agroforestry across Europe. The Atlantic region is characterized by a significant intensification of agricultural activities, with a very low proportion of silvopasture, mostly in the Northern Atlantic regions. Agroforestry is recognized for its ability to provide ecosystem services that sequester carbon and enhance biodiversity and productivity in the Central Atlantic Region of Europe by promoting hedgerows or reducing forest fires in the Southern Atlantic regions. The CAP promotes agroforestry in some of these areas, primarily through agri-environmental measures. Political measures should prioritize the management, conservation, and implementation of silvopasture to increase sustainability across the European Union (EU). Efforts to promote silvopasture should be encouraged through both agroforestry eco-schemes and CAP Pillar II interventions.
- Comprehensive assessment of PM10 from home heating using different appliances and biomass fuels: Chemical composition, oxidative potential, and ecotoxicityPublication . Cipoli, Yago Alonso; Vicente, Estela D.; Charres, Isabella; Evtyugina, Margarita; Alfosea-Simón, Marina; Lucarelli, Franco; Kováts, Nora; Ryšavý, Jiří; Feliciano, Manuel; Alves, CéliaThe European Union has implemented policies to promote renewable energy, with an emphasis on biomass for heat generation. However, residential biomass combustion is a major source of particulate matter (PM10), and its chemical constituents pose health concerns worldwide. This study characterised the organic and inorganic composition, oxidative potential (OP), and ecotoxicity of PM10 indoors and outdoors during the operation of two heating appliances fuelled with different types of biomasses: a modern hydronic stove and a traditional wood stove. PM10 concentrations were higher in the room equipped with the traditional system during the combustion of briquettes (95.9 f 74.9 mu g m-3) and firewood (50.1 f 25.6 mu g m- 3), compared to the modern stove using pellets (27.1 f 11.8 mu g m-3) and olive stone (23.0 f 4.5 mu g m- 3). While element oxides accounted for similar PM10 mass fractions (7 %), the wood stove produced higher levels of organic constituents, including carbonaceous fractions, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), quinones and saccharides. Significant correlations between OP assays and concentrations of PAHs, quinones and phenolic compounds were found in the room equipped with wood stove, with indoor to outdoor (I/O) ratios higher than 1. In contrast, I/O ratios below 1 were observed for OP in PM10 samples collected during hydronic stove operation. Ecotoxicity assays using Aliivibrio fischeri classified indoor PM10 from the wood stove as 'very toxic', whereas samples from the hydronic stove exhibited lower toxicity and OP levels. These findings highlight the need to reconcile renewable energy goals with air quality and public health.