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- Carbon sequestration in chestnut coppices: impact of shoot density simulated with the CO2Fix modelPublication . Patrício, Maria Sameiro; El Baine, Chaimae; Nunes, LuísThe carbon cycle plays a vital role in maintaining ecosystem stability by regulating the flow of organic matter and influencing global climate dynamics. However, rising CO₂ emissions from human activities have disrupted this balance, driving climate change and increasing the frequency of extreme weather events. Addressing this challenge requires strengthening natural carbon sinks, particularly forests, which store significant amounts of carbon in both biomass and soils. Sweet chestnut (Castanea sativa Mill.) coppice systems are promising for carbon sequestration due to their fast growth and potential for long-term carbon storage. Despite their ecological importance, many chestnut coppices remain unmanaged due to limited economic returns. Innovative strategies, such as payments for ecosystem services, could unlock their potential and enhance their contribution to climate change mitigation while promoting sustainable forest management.This study assesses the carbon sequestration and storage potential of sweet chestnut coppices using the CO₂FIX model, calibrated with field data from northeastern Portugal. The main objectives are to: Calibrate the CO₂FIX model to predict biomass and carbon stocks under different management practices. Validate model accuracy by comparing simulations with observed field data. Optimize parameterization to improved reliability for chestnut coppice systems. Identify growth constraints to support sustainable management strategies.
- CRISPR-CAS9 em plantas: desafios éticos, científicos e oportunidadesPublication . Choupina, Altino; Vieira, Kelly; Ferreira, PatrickA edição genómica por meio do sistema CRISPR-Ca9 representa um avanço significativo na biotecnologia, especialmente no melhoramento genético vegetal, ao permitir a modificação precisa dos genes específicos para enfrentar os desafios contemporâneos da agricultura. Este estudo tem como objetivo principal realizar uma revisão sistemática da literatura sobre o funcionamento da tecnologia CRISPR-Cas9, destacando as suas vantagens relativamente às técnicas anteriores e discutindo as suas aplicações na proteção vegetal, com ênfase no controlo de pragas, na resistência a stresse bióticos e abióticos, e no fortalecimento da imunidade vegetal. Além disso, o estudo visa refletir sobre os aspetos éticos, políticos e regulamentares envolvidos no uso dessa tecnologia. O trabalho está organizado da seguinte forma: Na Introdução apresenta-se a metodologia, objetivos e estrutura do presente estudo. No Capítulo I, apresentam-se os fundamentos do sistema CRISPR-Cas9, abordando a sua história, mecanismos de ação, além das suas aplicações médicas, farmacêuticas e agrícolas. Em seguida, no Capítulo II, explora-se o uso dessa tecnologia na proteção de plantas, analisando como as ferramentas moleculares de CRISPR-Cas9 são empregues para aumentar a resistência vegetal contra o stresse abióticos e bióticos. No Capítulo III, aprofunda-se a edição genómica de parasitas como insetos, fungos e oomicetes, discutindo o seu papel no controlo sustentável de pragas agrícolas. No Capítulo IV , introduz-se a técnica de RNA de interferência (RNAi), uma abordagem alternativa ao CRISPR-Cas9, destacando os seus avanços para conferir imunidade vegetal e resistência a stresse bióticos, além de comparar ambas as técnicas em termos de eficácia e aplicabilidade no melhoramento genético vegetal. Por fim, o Capítulo V examina as implicações éticas envolvidos na utilização de CRISPR-Cas9 na edição genómica, considerando questões relacionadas com a agricultura, segurança alimentar, impactos ambientais e socioeconómicos, bem como a aceitação pública e as políticas regulatórias em diferentes países. A Conclusão, reafirma a importância da tecnologia CRISPR-Cas9 no avanço do melhoramento vegetal, ao mesmo tempo que destaca a necessidade de mais estudos e debates para garantir o seu uso responsável e ético, considerando os desafios e as oportunidades para a agricultura global.
- Esperienze estere nella gestione dei castagneti da legno - Castanicoltura da legno in PortugalloPublication . Patrício, Maria SameiroLa coltivazione dei castagno in Portogallo ha unnruolo significativo sia a livello culturale che economico, occupando una superficie che supera i 48. 000 ha con impianti da frutto, denominati "soutos", boschi cedui (4.800 ha ca.) e fustaie per la produzione di legno. Visonoattualmentecirca 10.500 ha di nuovi impianti da legno governati a fustaia in proprietà private mentre il resto delle formazioni adulte di castagno ricadono principalmente su proprietà pubbliche la cui gestione è demandata ai Servizi Forestali: alie fustaie vengono applicati turni di 50-60 anni con conseguente conversione a ceduo dopo il primo taglio di utilizzazione; nei cedui il turno è di 20-25 anni e gli interventi di diradamento consentono di selezionare nel tempo due o tre polloni per ceppaia. Nonostante tali indicazioni, vi è un'evidente carenza nella realizzazione delle cure colturali sia nelle fustaie che nei cedui. II legno di castagno è tradizionalmente molto apprezzato in Portogallo, ma la produzione nazionale è insufficiente a soddisfare la richiesta dei mercato interno e notevole è 1'importazione dalla Francia. Migliorare la qualità dei legname prodotto rappresenta quinai un'opportunità sia per ridurre 1'importazione, sia per valorizzare la filiera dei prodotti non legnosi e fornire servizi aggiuntivi, quali ad esempio lo stoccaggio dei carbonio.
- Ex situ germination of European acorns: data from 93 batches of 12 Quercus speciesPublication . Medina, María; Reyes-Martín, Marino P.; Levy, Laura; Lázaro-González, Alba; Andivia, Enrique; Annighöfer, Peter; Assaad, Farhah; Bauhus, Jürgen; Benavides, Raquel; Böhlenius, Henrik; Cambria, Vito E.; Carbonero, María D.; Castro, Jorge; Chalatashvili1, Akaki; Chiatante, Donato; Cocozza, Claudia; Corticeiro, Sofia; Lazdina, Dagnija; Dato, Giovanbattista; Sanctis, Michele De; Devetaković, Jovana; Drossler, Lars; Ehrenbergerová, Lenka; Ferus, Peter; Gómez-Aparicio, Lorena; Hampe, Arndt; Hanssen, Kjersti H.; Heinze, Berthold; Jakubowski, Marcin; Jiménez, María N.; Kanjevac, Branko; Keizer, Jan J.; Kerkez-Janković, Ivona; Klisz, Marcin; Kowalkowski, Wojciech; Kremer, Klaus; Kroon, Johan; Montagna, Dario La; Lazarević, Jelena; Lingua, Emanuele; Lucas-Borja, Manuel E.; Łukowski, Adrian; Löf, Magnus; Maia, Paula; Mairota, Paola; Maltoni, Alberto; Mariotti, Barbara; Martiník, Antonín; Marzano, Raffaella; Matías, Luis; Mcclory, Ryan W.; Merino, Manuel; Mondanelli, Lucia; Montagnoli, Antonio; Monteverdi, Maria C.; Moreno-Llorca, Ricardo; Navarro, Francisco B.; Nonić, Marina; Nunes, Luís; Oliet, Juan A.; Patrício, Maria Sameiro; Poduška, Zoran; Popovic, Vladan; Puchałka, Radosław; Rey-Benayas, José M.; Robakowski, Piotr; Sewerniak, Piotr; Szczerba, Marek; Ureña-Lara, Carmen; Vendina, Viktorija; Villar-Salvador, Pedro; Witzell, Johanna; Leverkus, Alexandro B.Key message We provide data on seedlot germination potential—a key trait related to regeneration—of 12 oak species. Germination was tested at the University of Granada following international protocols with 8985 acorns from 93 batches and 16 countries across Europe. Data on germination probability, acorn origin, mass, and moisture content measured on another 4544 acorns are available at https:// doi. org/ 10. 30827/ Digib ug. 87318. Associated metadata are available at https:// metad ata- afs. nancy. inra. fr/ geone twork/ srv/ fre/ catal og. searc h#/ metad ata/ a742c 6d8- bc37- 4ca2- 8b81- 2447c 5a885 8d.
- Fluxos de CO2 do solo num espaço verde urbano: um estudo de caso durante a estação de primavera no norte de PortugalPublication . Silva, Alan Victor; Patrício, Maria Sameiro; Feliciano, ManuelGlobally cities account for more than 70% of CO2 emissions. The potential of urban green spaces as a biotechnology to reduce the net emissions is influenced by the type of vegetation and soil management. Thus, appropriate management of urban soils plays an important role in mitigating climate change, as it affects the biological processes responsible for carbon loss or gain in the soil. The knowledge about the carbon (C) sequestration capacity of grass soils in urban green spaces is still incipient. The study of soil CO2 fluxes is essential to implement more appropriate forms of mitigation in the management of areas with this type of ground vegetation cover. Therefore, this study aimed at investigating CO2 fluxes in a lawn area located in the city of Bragança. CO2 fluxes were measured continuously at a sampling interval of 30 minutes (total number of samples 5523) using the LI-8100A system from LI-COR Biosciences®, together with monitoring of edaphoclimatic and vegetative parameters, during the last month of winter and the tree months of spring. The results showed the importance of herbaceous vegetation in reducing CO2 emissions compared to those that would result from bare soil. However, throughout the observation period, the lawn surface acted as an emitting source with an average magnitude of 1.25 ± 5.31 g C m-2 d-1. The study allowed the identification of phytovolume and soil water availability as the most determining factors in this complex process that underlies the vertical fluxes that occurring at the surface/atmosphere interface. In this sense, management practices related to the frequency and amount of water used in irrigation, as well as the height and frequency of vegetation cutting were identified as key factors on the net exchange of CO2 on these lawn surfaces.
- Gastrointestinal and pulmonary parasites in small ruminants in northeast Portugal - What´s up doc? A case herd studyPublication . Rodrigues, Isabel; Meireles, Samanta Aparecida; Valentim, Ramiro; Ortin, Aurora; Lacasta, Delia; Quintas, HélderThe breeding of small ruminants in northeast Portugal is largely based on a traditional production system, on extensive/semi-extensive grazing and direct use of existing natural resources. Gastrointestinal and pulmonary parasite infections are particularly important, as they can have impact on animal health and welfare, as well as on productivity, and therefore be responsible of economic losses including: delayed growth, weight loss, decreased fertility levels, and also rejections at slaughterhouse. To act on the prophylaxis, one first should have a detailed knowledge of the parasite species involved, as well as their prevalence, in order to plan prevention and control strategies.Samples were analysed to monitor the burden and prevalence of gastrointestinal and pulmonary parasites in two autochthonous sheep and goat breed herd, with similar farm management, and sharing the same graze field. Coprological qualitative and quantitative analysis (flotation, natural sedimentation, mini-Flotac and Baermann technique) were done in two moments, February and April of 2024, to fifteen animals in each flock.The eggs/oocysts genera morphologically identified were: trichostrongyle-type, Nematodirus spp., Moniezia spp., Trichuris spp. and Eimeria spp. Trematode eggs were not identified. The mean egg per gram (EPG) values of trichostrongyle-type ranged from 25 to 67 among the sheep flock., and 62 to 90 among the goat flock. The mean oocyst per gram (OPG) of Eimeria spp. varied greatly in the two flocks, ranging from 0.46 x 102 to 3.11 x 102 among the sheep flock, and 4.74 x 102 to 1.45 x 104 among the goat flock.Fecal examination by the Baermann technique, revealed the overall prevalence of lungworm infection to be, in the goat herd, 21.4% to 33,3%, whereas the sheep samples were negative. The specie found were larvae from Muellerius capillaris.This work aims to continue to: determine the gastrointestinal and pulmonary parasite profile of small ruminants along the year seasons; identify differences in parasite population in the two species, and assess the anthelmintic efficacy and possible resistances. The development and implementation of innovative, refined and sustainable approaches to worm control, targeted at the appropriate regional scale, is a prerequisite for reducing the helminth infection burden in small ruminant livestock production, and therefore increase the productivity and profitability, and also contribute to the preservation of natural resources.
- Lipoptena fortisetosa (Diptera: Hippoboscidae) in a Red Deer in the Center of PortugalPublication . Rodrigues, Isabel; Martins, Filipa; Mateus, Teresa LetraDeer keds (Insecta: Diptera: Hippoboscidae: Lipoptena spp.) are haematophagous ectoparasites of wild as well as domestic animals, being most often associated with cervids, but also can infest Bovidae (cattle, goats, chamois, mouflon, antelopes, etc.), and occasionally humans. Upon finding a suitable mammal host, deer keds shed their wings, remaining in a wingless form for the rest of their life. These flies are viviparous species and they generate a larvae that falls to the ground and pupates. In severe infestations, these ectoparasites can be responsible for dermatitis, allergic rhinoconjunctivitis, and in extreme cases, anaphylactic shock when they bite humans. They also potential vectors of several pathogens such as Babesia spp.,Theileria spp., Bartonella spp., Coxiella spp. and Anaplasma spp. Of over 30 species of Lipoptena insects worldwide, two of the six known species in Europe, Lipoptena cervi along with L. fortisetosa, are known to have a relatively wide distribution. We report for the first time, the presence of L. fortisetosa in a red deer (Cervus elaphus) in Castelo Branco district, in the Center of Portugal. Lipoptena fortisetosa was probably introduced in Europe with sika deer from the Eastern Palaearctic and is continuously expanding its range, especially in the Southern part of Europe. There are pertinent morphological differences between the two species, that must be taken in account to facilitate their accurate identification, among others, the external features of the head and antennae, features on the thorax, number and distribution of bristles, and in the external genitalia. This new finding may represent a new challenge to the epidemiology of this species in Portugal, and to the health of its wide range hosts, particularly because it can transmit several disease-causing pathogens to animals, as well as to humans. Further investigations are worthy of attention on Lipoptena species, in Portugal, with a One Health perspective.
- Lipoptena fortisetosa (Diptera: Hippoboscidae) in a Red Deer in the Center of PortugalPublication . Rodrigues, Isabel; Martins, Filipa; Mateus, Teresa LetraDeer keds (Insecta: Diptera: Hippoboscidae: Lipoptena spp.) are haematophagous ectoparasites of wild as well as domestic animals, being most often associated with cervids, but also can infest Bovidae (cattle, goats, chamois, mouflon, antelopes, etc.), and occasionally humans. Upon finding a suitable mammal host, deer keds shed their wings, remaining in a wingless form for the rest of their life. These flies are viviparous species and they generate a larvae that falls to the ground and pupates. In severe infestations, these ectoparasites can be responsible for dermatitis, allergic rhinoconjunctivitis, and in extreme cases, anaphylactic shock when they bite humans. They also potential vectors of several pathogens such as Babesia spp.,Theileria spp., Bartonella spp., Coxiella spp. and Anaplasma spp. Of over 30 species of Lipoptena insects worldwide, two of the six known species in Europe, Lipoptena cervi along with L. fortisetosa, are known to have a relatively wide distribution. We report for the first time, the presence of L. fortisetosa in a red deer (Cervus elaphus) in Castelo Branco district, in the Center of Portugal. Lipoptena fortisetosa was probably introduced in Europe with sika deer from the Eastern Palaearctic and is continuously expanding its range, especially in the Southern part of Europe. There are pertinent morphological differences between the two species, that must be taken in account to facilitate their accurate identification, among others, the external features of the head and antennae, features on the thorax, number and distribution of bristles, and in the external genitalia. This new finding may represent a new challenge to the epidemiology of this species in Portugal, and to the health of its wide range hosts, particularly because it can transmit several disease-causing pathogens to animals, as well as to humans. Further investigations are worthy of attention on Lipoptena species, in Portugal, with a One Health perspective.
- Old and new climate change adaptation strategies by Montesinho mountain pastoralists, PortugalPublication . Aleixo-Pais, Isa G.; Castro, José; Frazão-Moreira, Amélia; Castro, João Paulo; Castro, MarinaMountain pastoralists are among the communities most affected by climate change, rendering empowerment of mountain communities and supportive policies essential.
- Pastoreio em floresta: Oportunidade de produção diferenciada e ferramenta de gestãoPublication . Castro, Marina; Ferraz-de-Oliveira, Isabel; Carita, Teresa; Potes, José Mira; Sales-Baptista, ElviraAs florestas foram extensamente pastoreadas por animais domésticos em toda a Europa até aos séculos XVIII-XIX. Foi com a introdução da gestão florestal moderna, que as formas informais de utilização da floresta foram consideradas obsoletas ou mesmo prejudiciais, tendo sido gradualmente substituídas, de modo a maximizar a produção de madeira e as receitas financeiras diretas (Varga et al., 2020; Samojlik et al, 2016). Com esta transição, o pastoreio passou a ser frequentemente percebido como uma ameaça à sustentabilidade das florestas (Haddad et al., 2022).