ESE - Editoriais, Cartas, Notas, Prefácios, Indexados à WoS/Scopus
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- Notes d’ouverturePublication . Cabral, Maria de Jesus; Almeida, José Domingues; Faria, Dominique; Domingues, João; Moniz, Ana Isabel; Alves, Ana M.Ce numéro (spécial), et unique dans l’histoire de notre revue, s’offre sous le signe de l’hommage à Hermínia Amado Laurel, qui en a été la première directrice, mais surtout l’instigatrice de cette aventure commencée en 2009 avec le numéro intitulé « La mer dans sous ses états ». Évoquer la genèse de Carnets, 28 numéros plus tard, implique une diffraction du souvenir, cette aventure se déployant parallèlement à celle de l’APEF – Association Portugaise d’Études Françaises, dont Hermínia Laurel fut aussi la première présidente, en 2003. C’est ce genre « d’expériences parallèles » que nous avons été amenés à faire, à explorer, à réinventer conjointement, dans son sillage, puisque deux des trois numéros annuels de Carnets émanent généralement des activités de l’APEF (rencontres scientifiques, forums…).
- Editorial: Coaches' role in youth sports performance: early specialization versus long-term developmentPublication . Morais, J.E.; Marinho, D.A.; Castro, Flávio A. de Souza; Barbosa, Tiago M.Youth sports are planned sports programs for children and adolescents with designated coaches, organized practices, and scheduled competitions. Such programs can be organized and implemented at schools (by physical education teachers instead of coaches), as well as in other sports organizations (i.e., federations, associations, local clubs). Primary aim should be to focus on providing young athletes with fundamental motor skills in tandem to their maturation stage. Indeed, these programs are aimed at mass participation rather than on developing elite athletes. The participation in such programs during childhood and adolescence showed to have major benefits in children’s and adolescent’s physical, psychological, and social development. On the other hand, youth sports programs can also serve as a link to talent identification and development programs aiming to identify young athletes with potential for success in adult/elite sport. As they aremass orientated,many youth athletes can be observed which will increase the likelihood of talent identification. Afterwards, these athletes can be guided to high-performance programs aiming to achieve eventually an elite level.
- Sports biomechanics: monitoring health and performancePublication . Forte, Pedro; Neiva, Henrique P.; Marinho, D.A.Biomechanics is part of biophysics and aims to study the function and structure of biological systems based on the principles, laws, and methods of mechanics. The human body is a dynamic system in constant change, with internal (physiological) and external effects (mechanical). From an external point of view, every action/movement results from forces produced by the subject and by external forces acting on him/her. The study of these forces and their effects, such as movement, absence of movement, and deformations is the main focus of biomechanics. The amount of forces that act on the human system in each movement will also result in an internal response, so the higher the mechanical stress, the greater the physiological impact [1]. This association is observed in every physical or sports activity, highlighting the importance of biomechanics for a better understanding of the physiological response to exercise [2, 3]. When a sports professional is concerned by how the available energy is used to exercise at a specific intensity/volume, causing a chain of intersegmental movements, he/she is facing biomechanical issues. The boundary of the object of study between biomechanics and physiology in sport is so tangential that it is sometimes confused [4, 5]. In this way, biomechanical analysis can help to control physical demands and explain the athlete’s state of well-being [6]. Therefore, it will play an important role in sports performance and the participants’ health, in which mechanics and physiology are combined in sports biomechanics [7].
- Editorial: The relationships between physical activity, exercise, and sport on the immune systemPublication . Forte, Pedro; Branquinho, Luís; Ferraz, RicardoDuring their lifetime, human beings are exposed to different microorganisms (i.e., virous, bacteria, fungi, and germs), parasites, and cancerous cells. This exposure endows the immunological system with the ability to differentiate what may be accepted or rejected by the human body, which in turn is controlled byantigens and antibodies. Antigens are any substance that the human immune system may recognize to stimulate an immunological response while antibodies are B-cell proteins responsible for identifying and marking the invader agent (i.e., antigen) to be neutralized or eliminated by the immune system. Exposure to different pathogenic agents may have two different outcomes: the exposure may result in improving the immunological resistance, or the exposure may increase the inflammatory response.
- Editorial: Desporto, cultura e comunicação: uma fita de möbius?Publication . Pimenta, Susana; Ribeiro, Orquídea; Moreira, FernandoTomando como princípios orientadores que os atos comunicativos e as expressões/práticas culturais têm uma dimensão operatória na vida do indivíduo enquanto ferramentas de , considerando que a cultura é sempre uma herança transmitida e que os meios utilizados para o fazer integram essa mesma cultura e que, finalmente, cultura e comunicação desempenham um papel essencial na realidade social pois se instituem como fundamentais na difusão do saber, entretenimentos e modelos comportamentais, nomeadamente no que concerne a(s) prática(s) desportiva( s), este suplemento pretende refletir sobre a relação entre cultura, comunicação e desporto no mundo de língua portuguesa.
- Editorial: Advances in wearable devices for sportsPublication . Morais, J.E.In sports, coaches and support staff spend considerable time analyzing athletes’ tech- nique. It is well known that athletes who can perform movements associated with their sport of choice using a better technique are more likely to present better performances. Video-based analysis has traditionally been the most used procedure to assess athletes’ technique [1,2]. This consists of recording sports skills and the subsequent computation of meaningful parameters describing the movement from raw data [3]. However, this data acquisition and handling is a time-consuming process. Consequently, coaches and sup- port staff are looking for less time-consuming procedures that lead to real-time outputs and that they themselves can also use and handle. The use of wearables allows the acqui- sition of kinematic [4], kinetic [5], or physiological variables [6] that are of paramount im- portance for coaches and athletes. For instance, Lim et al. [7] aimed to predict the lower limb kinetics and kinematics during walking with a single inertial measurement unit (IMU) placed on the lower back. In the specific case of the aquatic environment, cable handling makes data collection more difficult. Thus, wearable usage is a solid alternative in aquatic sports. Besides kinematic data, swimming researchers can also measure kinetic parameters, such as propulsive force, that are key determinants for performance enhance- ment [5,8]. Regarding physiological parameters, these can also be measured or estimated with the data collected with wearables. A study by Dasa et al. [9] aimed to assess the ac- curacy of commonly used global positioning systems/accelerometer-based tracking de- vices to estimate energy expenditure during high-intensity intermittent exercise in soccer. The authors noted an underestimation of the energy expenditure since these gears do not account for anaerobic energy production during high-intensity exercise [9]. Nonetheless, and despite the deviations observed in energy expenditure that should be considered by practitioners and researchers, it was argued that the devices tested can still provide useful information, but with the limitations addressed.
- Editorial: towards a psychophysiological approach in physical activity, exercise, and sportsPublication . Forte, Pedro; Teixeira, José Eduardo; Portella, Daniel Leite; Monteiro, DiogoIn recent years, a psychophysiological perspective on physical activity, exercise, and sports research has become more popular. Given the strong connections between psychological and physiological aspects, as well as mental fatigue and diseases, psychophysiological and psychological explanations are required. Moreover, human movement and sports performance can also be affected by psychological factors, whereby the regulation of physical capabilities is significantly influenced by the psychophysiological system. It is possible to explain how physical activity and exercise insights are controlled and managed by pacing behavior, decision-making, self-regulation, and effort perception. This Research Topic’s goal was to discuss the theoretical and methodological assumptions of the psychophysiological perspective on physical activity, exercise, and sports. In this research area, technical, tactical, physiological, cognitive, and psychological topics were explored in relation to other aspects that affect sports and exercise performance, while the effects of psychological factors on training and performance needs were evaluated. Training interventions assessing acute and chronic adaptations using evaluation and testing procedures make them one of the most important topics in this Research Topic. Research on sports coaching and its relations with mental health and performance were also welcome and considered, intending to provide recent developments within sports sciences research.
- Exercise biomechanics for health: evaluating lifelong activities for well-beingPublication . Forte, Pedro; Teixeira, José EduardoBiomechanics is a multidisciplinary study of the mechanical laws and principles that govern human movement and the functioning of biological systems [1]. In the context of physical activity, exercise and physical fitness, biomechanics plays a crucial role in understanding the most efficient and effective ways to improve health and well-being. In addition, biomechanics aim to improve athletes’ performance as well as the movement efficiency of the whole population, leading to a better quality of life. To that end, concerns about optimal economy of movement, strength, power, stability, postural alignment, range of motion and athletic performance are some of the most important topics to address in the study of exercise biomechanics [2].
- Reply to: comment on: The benefits of resistance training in obese adolescents: a systematic review and meta-analysisPublication . Ribeiro, Bruno; Forte, Pedro; Vinhas, Raquel; Marinho, D.A.; Faíl, Luís B.; Pereira, Ana Fátima; Vieira, Fernando A.R.; Neiva, Henrique P.We thank Dr. Zhang [1] for his interest in our literature review about the effects of resistance training (RT) programs in obese adolescents [2]. In the review, we analyzed 21 studies to evaluate the impact of RT on body mass index, body fat, waist circumference, lean mass, insulin sensitivity, muscle strength, and cardiorespiratory fitness. Our main findings showed that RT programs seem to be positive for obese adolescents, improving muscle strength and cardiorespiratory fitness and reducing body fat, waist circumference, and body mass index. Yet, we were clear to advise the reader that the results should be carefully analyzed, and some limitations were addressed, for example, (i) the small number of participants in each study; (ii) the use/comparison of different training programs (i.e., varying durations, intensities, and exercises); (iii) methodological issues (i.e., with an unclear or high risk of bias); (iv) unclear dietary control of participants; and (v) maturational-related issues. We understand that these limitations should not refrain professionals from critically appreciating our results and then designing RT programs for obese adolescents.
- Editorial: physiological and biomechanical determinants of swimming performance-volume 2Publication . Castro, Flávio A. de Souza; Figueiredo, Pedro; Toubekis, Argyris G.; Barbosa, Tiago M.; McCabe, CarlaThe objective of this Research Topic was to develop and strengthen evidence of training and swimming performance to increase scientific knowledge in the area, considering that understanding the biomechanical, physiological, and neuromuscular determinants of swimming performance is still challenging. This way, 13 manuscripts have been reviewed and approved for this research topic (volume II). We can categorize the 13 manuscripts into three major areas of swimming research: physiology and prescription; biomechanics; performance assessment and prediction. Furthermore, we highlight that 10 of the manuscripts were carried out with the participation of at least two research institutions, often from different countries, which may demonstrate the need for international interchange and exchange of ideas and methodologies across researchers and laboratories.