Percorrer por autor "Xavier, Virginie"
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- Antioxidant activity and GC-MS characterization of juniperus communis L. and cistus ladanifer L. essential oilsPublication . Xavier, Virginie; Heleno, Sandrina A.; Prieto Lage, Miguel A.; Amaral, Joana S.; Mediavilla Ruiz, Irene; Esteban Pascual, Luis Saul; Ferreira, Isabel C.F.R.; Barros, LillianJuniperus communis L. and Cistus ladanifer L. are two abundant shrubs in the mountain areas of the Mediterranean basin, particularly in the Iberian Peninsula. Both species are known for their valuable essential oil that can be used in cosmetic, food and pharmaceutical industries for their bioactive properties [1]. Within the scope of the European Project “BeonNat”, that aims at developing innovative and bio-based products using the biomass of trees and shrubs growing on marginal and underutilised lands as feedstock for the bio-based industry, these two species were selected for evaluation. In this work, the biomass of the two species (branches milled to <20mm particle size) grown in Spain was submitted to steam distillation . The extracted essential oils (EO) were characterized regarding their chemical composition by gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and their antioxidant activity by the ferric reducing power assay. An extraction yield of 0.50% and 0.08% (dry basis) was obtained for J. communis and C. ladanifer biomasses, respectively. The GC-MS analysis enabled the identification of 98.1% of compounds in J. communis EO, corresponding to a total of 63 identified compounds, with α-pinene being the major compound (32.3%), followed by limonene (15.8%), sabinene (7.6%), germacrene B (4.9%), cis- t hujopsene (4.6%), β-myrcene (3.7%) and β-caryophyllene (3.6%). In general, the chemical composition was in good agreement with that of juniper berries essential oil defined in the European Pharmacopoeia and the ISO 8897 standard, with the exception of limonene (15.8%) that was slightly higher than the defined range (Eur. Ph from 2-12% and ISO standard from 2-8%). For C. ladanifer essential oil, a total of 61 compounds were identified corresponding to 92.8% of total compounds, with viridiflorol being the major compound (20.7%), followed by α-pinene (19.8%), ledol (8.1%), camphene (7.2%) and bornyl acetate (5.6%). This result is in good agreement with previous works that also report the sesquiterpene alcohol viridiflorol as the major compound in the EO obtained from C. ladanifer leaves and small branches [2]. Regarding the antioxidant activity, both oils showed promising results in the reducing power assay, presenting an EC 50 value of 1.35 ± 0.19 mg/mL and 1.30 ± 0.07 mg/mL for J. communis and C. ladanifer , respectively.
- Assessment of the use of common juniper (Juniperus communis L.) foliage following the cascade principlePublication . Mediavilla, Irene; Bados, Raquel; Barros, Lillian; Xavier, Virginie; Finimundy, Tiane C.; Pires, Tânia C.S.P.; Heleno, Sandrina A.; Calhelha, Ricardo C.; Amaral, Joana S.; Rizzo, Andrea Maria; Casini, David; Lombardi, Giacomo; Chiaramonti, David; Camara, Miguel; Suarez, Ana; Ardid, Tomas; Esteban Pascual, Luis SaulJuniperus communis L. is a species commonly grown in regions of the Northern Hemisphere, and is a good candidate to be cultivated in marginal lands. Plants coming from a pruning performed in a natural population located in Spain were used to assess the yield and quality of different products obtained following the cascade principle. A total of 1050 kg of foliage biomass were crushed, steam-distilled, and separated into fractions to produce biochar and absorbents for the pet industry using pilot plants. The obtained products were analysed. The essential oil, with a yield of 0.45% dry basis and a qualitative chemical composition similar to that described for the berries in international standards or monographs, showed antioxidant activity with promising CAA results (inhibition of 89% of the cell's oxidation). However, regarding antibacterial and antifungal activities, it only inhibited the growth of microorganisms at the maximum concentration tested, 2.5%. Concerning the hydrolate, it did not show bioactivity. Regarding the biochar, whose yield was 28.79% dry basis, interesting results were obtained for its characterisation as a possible soil improver for agronomic purposes (PFC 3(A)). Finally, promising results were obtained regarding the use of common juniper as absorbent, taking into account the physical characterisation and odour control capacity.
- Assessment of the use of common juniper (Juniperus communis L.) foliage following the cascade principle: essential oil, absorbents and biocharPublication . Mediavilla, Irene; Bados, Raquel; Barros, Lillian; Xavier, Virginie; Finimundy, Tiane C.; Amaral, Joana S.; Rizzo, Andrea Maria; Casini, David; Lombardi, Giacomo; Cámara, Miguel; Suárez, Ana; Ardid, TomásThe main objective of the BeonNAT project is to create added-value bio-based products by growing underused tree and shrub species in marginal land. One of the species selected within the project is juniper (Juniperus communis L). Foliage biomass coming from a natural population in Spain was selected and a first sampling of wild biomass (1000 kg fresh plants with stem diameters below 50 mm) was performed. This biomass was distilled and, after it, different alternatives were defined in the project to obtain bioproducts from the distilled biomass following the cascade concept. Among them, absorbents for the pet industry and biochar have been selected in this work. Concerning the steam distillation, an essential oil yield of 0.44% (w/w d.b) was obtained and the characterisation of the essential oil compounds showed that it was close to meet the limits considered by the ISO 8897:2010. A fraction of the distilled biomass was used to produce pellets, whose quality as absorbents for the pet industry was promising. Finally, the rest of the distilled biomass was used to obtain biochar with a yield of 28.79 % (w/w d.b) and characteristics which indicated a good degree of carbonisation and stability.
- Bioactivities and GC-MS characterization of cupressus sempervirens L. and rosmarinus officinalis L. essential oilsPublication . Xavier, Virginie; Heleno, Sandrina A.; Prieto Lage, Miguel A.; Amaral, Joana S.; Mandim, Filipa; Vaz, Josiana A.; Pires, Tânia C.S.; Mediavilla Ruiz, Irene; Esteban Pascual, Luis Saul; Ferreira, Isabel C.F.R.; Barros, LillianBio-based products will play an increasingly important role in the transition towards a green and circular economy that will reduce fossil-based products consumption. 1 The European Project “BeonNat” aims at developing different bio-based products from underutilised shrubs and trees, which will be used as raw-materials for the bio-based industries. Within this scope, Cupressus sempervirens L. and Rosmarinus officinalis L. were selected for evaluation. In this work, the essential oil of C. sempervirens (common cypress) and R. officinalis (rosemary) cultivated in Spain, were characterized for their chemical composition and potential biological properties. The assessment of antioxidant, antimicrobial, cytotoxic and anti-inflammatory properties of the essential oils were evaluated. The GC-MS analysis enabled the identification of 85% of total compounds in common cypress and 94% in rosemary. The major compounds were α-pinene, 3-carene, cedrol, limonene and terpinolene for C. sempervirens and α-pinene, 1,8-cineole, camphor, camphene and β-myrcene for R. officinalis essential oils. From a qualitative point of view, the obtained results are in good agreement with the data available from the literature, considering the genetics and environment variations that may occur. 2,3 Both samples showed antibacterial activity against a panel of bacteria selected according to their importance in public health, highlighting R. officinalis that revealed the strongest activity for Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Morganella morganii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Enterococcus faecalis, Listeria monocytogenes and methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Concerning the antioxidant activity, reducing power and cellular antioxidant assays were performed. The cypress essential oil presented an EC50 value of 1.518±0.004 mg/mL using reducing power assay and a % of oxidation inhibition of 73% with cellular antioxidant assay, while rosemary essential oil showed an EC50 value of 3.12±0.01 mg/mL using reducing power assay and 84 % of oxidation inhibition according to cellular antioxidant assay, evidencing that both samples revealed capacity to inhibit the oxidation process. The tested essential oils showed anti-inflammatory (IC50 value of 11±1 μg/mL and 20±1 μg/mL for C. sempervirens and R. officinalis, respectively) and cytotoxic activity, with best results being obtained for C. sempervirens essential oil on the inhibition of breast, MCF-7, (GI50 value of 62±6 μg/mL) and lung cancer, NCI-H460, (GI50 value of 14±1 μg/mL) cell lines. After screening the essential oils for their bioactivities, the results revealed that essential oils from common cypress and rosemary are a potential and natural source of bioactive substances to use in food, cosmetic and medicinal industry, encouraging the valorisation of underexplored resources.
- Bioactivities and GC-MS characterization of Cupressus Sempervirens L. and Rosmarinus Officinalis L. essential oilsPublication . Xavier, Virginie; Heleno, Sandrina A.; Prieto Lage, Miguel A.; Amaral, Joana S.; Mandim, Filipa; Vaz, Josiana A.; Pires, Tânia C.S.; Mediavilla Ruiz, Irene; Esteban Pascual, Luis Saul; Ferreira, Isabel C.F.R.; Barros, LillianBio-based products will play an increasingly important role in the transition towards a green and circular economy that will reduce fossil-based products consumption. 1 The European Project “BeonNat” aims at developing different bio-based products from underutilised shrubs and trees, which will be used as raw-materials for the bio-based industries. Within this scope, Cupressus sempervirens L. and Rosmarinus officinalis L. were selected for evaluation. In this work, the essential oil of C. sempervirens (common cypress) and R. officinalis (rosemary) cultivated in Spain, were characterized for their chemical composition and potential biological properties. The assessment of antioxidant, antimicrobial, cytotoxic and anti-inflammatory properties of the essential oils were evaluated. The GC-MS analysis enabled the identification of 85% of total compounds in common cypress and 94% in rosemary. The major compounds were α-pinene, 3-carene, cedrol, limonene and terpinolene for C. sempervirens and α-pinene, 1,8-cineole, camphor, camphene and β-myrcene for R. officinalis essential oils. From a qualitative point of view, the obtained results are in good agreement with the data available from the literature, considering the genetics and environment variations that may occur. 2,3 Both samples showed antibacterial activity against a panel of bacteria selected according to their importance in public health, highlighting R. officinalis that revealed the strongest activity for Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Morganella morganii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Enterococcus faecalis, Listeria monocytogenes and methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Concerning the antioxidant activity, reducing power and cellular antioxidant assays were performed. The cypress essential oil presented an EC50 value of 1.518±0.004 mg/mL using reducing power assay and a % of oxidation inhibition of 73% with cellular antioxidant assay, while rosemary essential oil showed an EC50 value of 3.12±0.01 mg/mL using reducing power assay and 84 % of oxidation inhibition according to cellular antioxidant assay, evidencing that both samples revealed capacity to inhibit the oxidation process. The tested essential oils showed anti-inflammatory (IC50 value of 11±1 μg/mL and 20±1 μg/mL for C. sempervirens and R. officinalis, respectively) and cytotoxic activity, with best results being obtained for C. sempervirens essential oil on the inhibition of breast, MCF-7, (GI50 value of 62±6 μg/mL) and lung cancer, NCI-H460, (GI50 value of 14±1 μg/mL) cell lines. After screening the essential oils for their bioactivities, the results revealed that essential oils from common cypress and rosemary are a potential and natural source of bioactive substances to use in food, cosmetic and medicinal industry, encouraging the valorisation of underexplored resources.
- Chemical and bioactive characterization of the essential oils obtained from three mediterranean plantsPublication . Xavier, Virginie; Finimundy, Tiane C.; Heleno, Sandrina A.; Amaral, Joana S.; Calhelha, Ricardo C.; Vaz, Josiana A.; Pires, Tânia C.S.; Mediavilla, Irene; Esteban Pascual, Luis Saul; Ferreira, Isabel C.F.R.; Barros, LillianCupressus sempervirens L., Juniperus communis L. and Cistus ladanifer L. are Mediterranean arboreal and shrub species that possess essential oils (EO) in their leaves and branches. This study aimed at characterizing the EOs obtained by steam distillation from the three species collected in different locations from Spain (Almazán, Andévalo, Barriomartín, Cerezal, Ermitas and Huéscar). For this purpose, volatiles composition was determined by GC-MS, and different bioactivities were evaluated. The highest content in terpenes was observed in C. sempervirens (Huéscar origin) followed by J. communis (Almazán origin), corresponding to 92% and 91.9% of total compounds, respectively. With exception of C. ladanifer from Cerezal that presented viridiflorol as the most abundant compound, all the three species presented in common the -pinene as the major compound. The EOs from C. ladanifer showed high antibacterial potential, presenting MIC values from 0.3 to 1.25 mg/mL. Concerning other bioactivities, C. ladanifer EO revealed an oxidation inhibition of 83%, while J. communis showed cytotoxicity in the MCF-7 cell line, and C. sempervirens and C. ladanifer EOs exhibited the highest potential on NCI-H460 cell lines. Nevertheless, some EOs revealed toxicity against non-tumoral cells but generally presented a GI50 value higher than that of the tumor cell lines.
- Chemical and bioactive features of amaranthus caudatus l. flowers and optimized ultrasound-assisted extraction of betalainsPublication . Roriz, Custódio Lobo; Xavier, Virginie; Heleno, Sandrina A.; Pinela, José; Dias, Maria Inês; Calhelha, Ricardo C.; Morales, Patricia; Ferreira, Isabel C.F.R.; Barros, LillianThe vibrant colours of many plants are due to secondary metabolites, such as nitrogen-containing compounds, where betacyanins are included. These compounds can be found in plants such as Amaranthus caudatus L. that, due to their high nutritional benefits, have been overproduced, which leads to the accumulation of large amounts of bio-residues. Among these bio-residues, the flowers which have a very intense pink colour and present no economic value or subsequent destination can be exploited as sources of natural colouring agents (betacyanins). This work aimed at characterising the flower’s extract in terms of bioactive molecules such as tocopherols, organic acids, but essentially in terms of betacyanins, in order to obtain a natural colouring agent. For the extraction, ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) ideal conditions were obtained using the Response Surface Methodology (RSM), allowing the attainment of an enriched extract of betacyanins in high yields and purity. The obtained extracts were analysed for their bioactive potential, namely antioxidant, antimicrobial and cytotoxic properties. From the obtained results, three isoforms of tocopherols were detected, β-tocopherol (0.884 ± 0.003 mg/100 g dry weight (dw)) being the most abundant one. Regarding the organic acids, oxalic (2.48 ± 0.05 mg/100 g dw), shikimic (0.170 ± 0.003 mg/100 g dw) and traces of fumaric acid were found. Four betacyanins were identified and quantified, namely: amaranthine (171 ± 1 mg/g extract), isoamaranthine (38 ± 1 mg/g extract), betanin (1.6 ± 0.1 mg/g), and isobetanin (1.3 ± 0.1 mg/g extract). The obtained extract also presented antioxidant activity with inhibition concentration (IC50 values) of 29.0 ± 0.4 µg/mL and 114 ± 4 µg/mL for ∆t of 60 min and 120 min, respectively in the oxidative haemolysis inhibition assay (OxHLIA) assay. The obtained extract also presented an interesting antibacterial activity with minimum inhibitory concentrations ranging from 5 to 20 mg/mL against pathogenic bacteria and revealed no toxicity for normal cells.
- Chemical characterization, bioactivity and toxicity of european flora plant extracts in search for potential natural origin preservativesPublication . Deus, Breno Martins de; Fernandes, Conceição; Molina, Adriana K.; Xavier, Virginie; Pires, Tânia C.S.P.; Mandim, Filipa; Heleno, Sandrina A.; Finimundy, Tiane C.; Barros, LillianConsumer demand for natural and healthier products has led to an increasing interest in the bioactive and therapeutic properties of plant extracts. In this study, we evaluated the phenolic compounds profile, bioactivities, and toxicities of plant extracts from eight European flora species, including Calendula officinalis L., Calluna vulgaris (L.) Hull, Hippophae rhamnoides L., Juglans regia L., Mentha cervina L., Rubus idaeus L., Sambucus nigra L., and Vitis vinifera L. The aim was to identify potential preservatives of natural origin. Phenolic compounds were identified by HPLC-DAD-ESI-MS. Caffeic acid derivatives, ellagitannins, flavonols, and flavones were the major phenolic compounds identified. The total phenolic content varied from 16.0 & PLUSMN; 0.2 (V. vinifera) to 123 & PLUSMN; 2 mg/g (H. rhamnoides) of dry extract. All extracts showed antioxidant potential and exhibited activity against some of the microorganisms tested. S. nigra showed the highest activity in the inhibition of oxidative hemolysis (OxHLIA) assay and H. rhamnoides, notably, had the lowest IC50 values in TBARS and DPPH assays, as well as the lowest minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values. Regarding in vitro cytotoxicity, in tumor and non-tumor cell lines, although some extracts revealed toxicity against normal cells, it was found that the samples C. vulgaris, V. vinifera and R. idaeus might be used against tumor cells since the active concentration is much lower than the one causing toxicity. In vivo acute toxicity tests using Artemia franciscana suggest low toxicity for most extracts, with LC50 > 400 mg/L. These results showed the potential of the studied extracts as natural preservatives, given their richness in compounds with bioactive properties, highlight their potential value to the production chain.
- Chemical composition and bioactive properties of Eucalyptus globulus L. essential oilPublication . Spadi, Agnese; Xavier, Virginie; Masella, Piernicola; Heleno, Sandrina A.; Amaral, Joana S.; Pires, Tânia C.S.; Calhelha, Ricardo C.; Ferreira, Isabel C.F.R.; Barros, LillianEucalyptus is a large genus of tall evergreen plants belonging to the Myrtaceae family that comprises about 900 species and subspecies[1]. It is native to Australia but currently is planted all around the world being one of the most important tree for its several uses such as timber, pulp and essential oil[2]. In recent years, the demand of Eucalyptus sp. essential oil has significantly increased as it has been approved as a natural additive. It is widely used in food, flavor, pharmaceutical, and perfumery industries, thanks to its many biological properties, including antibacterial, antifungal, analgesic and anti-inflammatory properties [3-4]. Eucalyptus sp. leaves in particular are rich in essential oil and its chemical composition depends on several factors, both intrinsic and extrinsic ones, such as environment and agronomic practices[5]. The aim of this work was to characterize the essential oil obtained from Eucalyptus globulus L. dry leaves and assessing its antioxidant (DPPH and reducing power), antimicrobial (microdilution method against pathogenic bacteria) and cytotoxic propertiesA conventional Clevenger apparatus was used to extract the essential oil by hydrodistillation for 3 h. The essential oil yield was 2.2 ± 0.3 %. The chemical composition of the oil was determinated by GC-MS analysis which enabled the identification of 94% of total compounds in common eucalyptus essential oil. The major compounds were eucalyptol, alpha-pinene, globulol, alpha-terpinyl acetate, alpha-terpineol and aromadendrene. From a qualitative point of view, the obtained results are in good agreement with the data available from the literature, considering the genetics and environment variations that may occur [5]. The antioxidant activity was evaluated by DPPH radical scavenging effect and reducing power. For DPPH assay an EC50 value of 145.5 ± 0.7 mg/mL was obtained, while for reducing power assay an EC50 value of 3.0 ± 0.2 mg/mL was presented. Concerning the cytotoxic activity against four tumor cell lines (AGS - gastric, NI-H460 – lung, CaCo – colon and MCF-7- breast), the best results were revealed on the inhibition of the colon cancer cell line with GI50 value of 73 ± 5 μg/mL. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and the minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) were tested against a large panel of several common food and clinical bacteria evidencing a wide spectrum antibacterial activity against the selected bacteria. A strong activity in a concentration range between 2.5 and 0.6 % was reported again Escherichia coli, Listeria monocytogenes (clinical isolate), Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) for clinical bacteria and again Yersinia enterocolitica, Listeria monocytogenes (ATCC), Enterobacter Cloacae, Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus cereus for food bacteria. Overall, the results revealed that essential oils from eucalyptus are a potential and natural source of bioactive substances for bio-based industries.
- Composição fenólica e atividade biológica de extratos de casca e ramos de Juniperus communis L. (zimbro comum)Publication . Xavier, Virginie; Finimundy, Tiane C.; Amaral, Joana S.; Pinela, José; Calhelha, Ricardo C.; Oliveira, Izamara; Madiavilla, Irene; Esteban Pascual, Luis Saul; Ferreira, Isabel C.F.R.; Heleno, Sandrina A.; Barros, LillianA espécie Juniperus communis L., comumente designada “zimbro” em Portugal, é uma conífera, pertencente à familia Cupressaceae e adaptada à baixa disponibilidade de nutrientes no solo. O zimbro foi usado na medicina tradicional para tratar infeções urinárias, dermatites ou como diurético, entre outros, dada a sua composição em bioativos como compostos fenólicos, terpenóides e ácidos orgânicos. Nos últimos anos, vários estudos reportam o seu potencial antimicrobiano, antioxidante, antiinflamatório, efeitos anti-diabéticos, hipocolesterolémicos e ainda a sua ação neuroprotetora, bem como capacidade antiproliferativa contra células cancerígenas e a capacidade de ativar mecanismos hepatorrenais e gastroprotetores [1,2]. No âmbito do presente trabalho, que surge no contexto do projeto BBI-JU BeonNAT, a casca do zimbro foi separada da parte aérea e posteriormente moída à parte da restante biomassa (parte aérea composta por ramos e agulhas) para comparar estas duas frações ao mesmo tempo que se pretende aproveitar todas as partes da planta, promovendo um conceito de economia circular. Depois de moídas, as amostras foram extraídas por maceração e a composição fenólica de cada fração de biomassa foi analisada por HPLC-DAD-ESI/MS, onde 17 compostos foram identificados na casca e 14 compostos na restante biomassa. Enquanto que na casca foram apenas idenditificados flavan-3-ols, na parte aérea a maior parte dos compostos são flavonoides (10 identificados), seguido de 2 flavan-3-ois e ainda 2 ácidos fenólicos, sendo o composto maioritário, nos dois casos, um dímero de procyanidina. Para avaliar a biotividade dos extratos, realizou-se a análise antimicrobiana por microdiluição, utilizando bacterias Gram-positivas e Gram-negativas, isoladas de ambiente clínico e alimentar. A atividade antioxidante foi realizada por duas metodologías distintas: inibição da peroxidação lipídica em tecidos cerebrais de porco (TBARS) e inibição da hemólise oxidativa (OxHLIA), onde o extrato da casca de zimbro se mostrou mais promissor, apresentando um EC50 mais baixo (TBARS: EC50=11.300.88 g/mL e OxHLIA: 14.9±0.5 g/mL) em comparação com o extracto da parte aérea (TBARS: EC50=25.890.62 g/mL e OxHLIA: 47±1 g/mL). Por sua vez, a citotoxicidade foi avaliada numa cultura de células não tumorais: PLP2 (cultura primária de células de fígado de porco), em que ambos os extratos apresentaram toxicidade para esta linha celular. No entanto, de acordo com a aplicação-alvo, a toxicidade apresentada pelos extratos deve ser analisada mais profundamente, verificando esta condição em modelos de toxicidade específicos para cada indústria/produto. No geral, tendo em conta a composição química e as bioatividades comprovadas, os extratos quer da casca, quer da parte aérea do zimbro são potenciais matérias-primas para o desenvolvimento de produtos com aplicação na área alimentar, farmacêutica e/ou cosmética.