Browsing by Author "Scalize, Paulo"
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- Avaliação da remoção de matéria orgânica e nutrientes por sorção em solos residuaisPublication . Silva, Flora; Albuquerque, António; Scalize, PauloA recarga artificial de aquíferos (RAQ) com águas residuais tratadas (ART) é uma prática que pode contribuir para a reposição de volumes de água no solo, que pode ser muito vantajoso em áreas com déficit hídrico ou com sobre-exploração de águas subterrâneas. No entanto, as cargas residuais das ART (p.e. matéria orgânica, nutrientes, metais pesados e microrganismos patogênicos) podem constituir uma desvantagem para a qualidade da água subterrânea, se o solo apresentar condições desfavoráveis para a sua infiltração. Realizaram-se ensaios laboratoriais em batelada para avaliar a remoção de matéria orgânica e nutrientes (formas de nitrogênio e fósforo) na componente fina de um solo residual granítico, proveniente de uma zona previamente selecionada para a infiltração de ART, localizada no nordeste da região da Beira Interior (Quinta de Gonçalo Martins, Guarda, Portugal). Os resultados dos ensaios de sorção em batelada mostram uma boa remoção de P-PO4, por complexação e precipitação, o que indica que o solo apresenta capacidade reativa para remover a carga residual de fosfato das ART. Após realização dos ensaios em batelada, as propriedades do solo mantiveram-se praticamente inalteradas.
- Avaliação da remoção de metais pesados por sorção em solos residuais da região da Beira Interior de PortugalPublication . Silva, Flora; Albuquerque, António; Scalize, PauloA recarga artificial de aquíferos (RAQ) com águas residuais tratadas (ART) é uma prática muito comum a nível internacional, mas pouco considerada em Portugal e no Brasil. Contudo, as cargas residuais das ART (p.e. metais pesados), quando depositados no solo ou água, podem causar impactos ambientais significativos nos seus usos, além de provocar sérios problemas de saúde em várias espécies animais devido à sua bioacumulação nas cadeias tróficas. O presente estudo pretende mostrar que os solos residuais graníticos da Quinta de Gonçalo Martins (Guarda), na região da Beira Interior de Portugal, apresentam características físico-químicas e mineralógicas favoráveis à infiltração de ART para a RAQ. Os resultados dos ensaios de sorção em batelada indicam que o solo apresenta capacidade reativa para remover, a eficiências elevadas, por mecanismos de adsorção e permuta iônica, a carga residual de Cu, Ni, Pb e Zn comum em ART. Após realização dos ensaios em batelada, as propriedades do solo mantiveram-se praticamente inalteradas.
- Caracterização de solos residuais para infiltração de efluente de estação de tratamento de esgotoPublication . Silva, Flora; Scalize, Paulo; Cruvinel, Karla; Albuquerque, AntónioOs efeitos das alterações climáticas e a crescente demanda de água para os variados consumos vão levar ao reúso de águas residuárias tratadas (ART). A recarga de aquíferos com ART pode constituir uma alternativa para o restabelecimento de volumes de água subterrânea que poderão ser utilizados para satisfazer parte daquelas atividades, especialmente em regiões de escassez de água ou onde sua qualidade não é adequada para uso. Uma pesquisa de dois anos realizada na estação de tratamento de esgoto de Vila Fernando (Guarda, Portugal) mostrou que as caraterísticas das ART são adequadas para que o efluente seja infiltrado no solo visando à recarga de aquífero. Como a área em estudo é vasta e dada a necessidade de considerar várias restrições técnicas, ambientais e econômicas, foi aplicada uma análise multicritério baseada em Sistemas de Informação Geográfica para encontrar o local mais adequado para a infiltração de ART. Recolheu-se uma amostra de solo para análise, na Quinta de Gonçalo Martins (Guarda, Portugal), tendo os resultados indicado que tal solo apresentava características favoráveis à infiltração de ART.
- Comparison between regionalized minimum reference flow and On-Site measurements in hydrographic basins of rural communities in the state of Goiás, BrazilPublication . Basso, Raviel; Honório, Michelle; Costa, Isabella; Bezerra, Nolan; Baumann, Luis; Silva, Flora; Albuquerque, António; Scalize, PauloReference flows are important variables for assessing water availability in Brazil, as well as in rural communities in the state of Goiás (Brazil). However, as there is a lack of flowrate data and measurement points, regionalization methods have been used for forecasting the minimum reference flow (Qref) allowed for maintaining water uses. The present research covered 92 hydrographic basins within 46 selected rural communities in the state of Goiás, and 21 basins were selected for carrying out on-site flow measurements, as well as for Qref estimation following three regionalization methodologies. Results show a large variation between the values measured and estimated by the three methodologies, but the statistical analysis found regression equations of one of the methods more suitable for application in rural hydrograph basins of Goiás.
- GIS-based site selection for agricultural irrigation with reclaimed waterPublication . Sardinha, Natália; Albuquerque, António; Silva, Flora; Scalize, PauloMost of the treated wastewater produced in the Cova da Beira region (Portugal) is discharged into streams. It is believed this reclaimed water could be reused for agricultural irrigation since it is a sector with high water demand. However, it is necessary evaluating if its quality is suitable for irrigation. From flow rate data and physical-chemical analyses produced in the years 2009, 2010 and 2011, and from a supplementary monitoring campaign carried out in 2012, it was observed that the reclaimed water could be used for agricultural irrigation if the pathogenic load could be controlled. Based on 5 thematic maps and environmental and technical criteria, a Suitability Map was generated for the application of reclaimed water in 47.5 ha of corn, olive grove, orchard and vineyard, using GIS tools. This analysis involved the overlapping of exclusion and inclusion areas of thematic maps using algebraic operations (multicriteria analysis). The average volume of reclaimed water generated in the years between 2009 and 2011 would be sufficient to irrigate all the existent agricultural parcels in each year, after removing the areas with technical or environmental restrictions.
- Heavy metals removal from reclaimed water in a laboratory column using a granitic residual soilPublication . Silva, Flora; Albuquerque, António; Cavaleiro, Victor; Carvalho, António; Scalize, PauloThe removal of five heavy metals was evaluated in vertical downflow column, with a granitic residual soil, operated in discontinuous and continuous mode. The results show higher removal rates of the five metals for the continuous mode, with highest values to Zn and Pb followed by Ni, Cu and Cr. The removal of all metals occurs mainly at the top 5 cm essentially through complexation and precipitation in the form of hydroxides.
- Heavy metals removal from reclaimed water in a laboratory column using a granitic residual soilPublication . Silva, Flora; Albuquerque, António; Cavaleiro, Victor; Carvalho, António; Scalize, Paulo1. Introduction – Heavy metals are one of the most relevant groups of chemical pollutants in the context of water reuse. Consequently, the practice of artificial aquifer recharge with reclaimed water should be strictly controlled and monitored. The porous media in a soil is a relevant factor for the evaluation of the pollutant reduction during water infiltration (through the called soil aquifer treatment - SAT) [1]. The purpose of this work was to show that the granitic residual soil from a site selected using GIS tools (Quinta de Gonçalo Martins, Guarda, Portugal) (Image 1-a), presents favourable characteristics for removing five heavy metals (Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb and Zn) present in reclaimed water by using a soil laboratory column (Image 1-b). 2. Experimental – Before and after the column experiments the physical, chemical and mineralogical properties of the soil were determined. The column were operated in a fed-batch and continuous mode (for 35 days, 10 cycles of operation) with a synthetic solution of the five heavy metals. The theoretical concentration of each metal was 5 mg L-1 [2]. 3. Results and Discussion – The residual soil has about 4.94% of clay (≈ 60% of kaolinite). In the continuous column experiments, there were observed removal efficiencies of 54.85% for Cr, 75.93% for Cu, 92.42% for Ni, 98.53% for Pb and of 98.80% for Zn. The heavy-metals removal occurred by sorption with higher rates than the ones observed in fed-batch tests for the same soil [2]. 4. Conclusions - The soil has reactive properties that allows a good capability for removing Cu, Ni, Pb and Zn by sorption mechanisms, with much lower efficiencies for Cr, allowing it to act as a barrier to the contamination of groundwater during infiltration with reclaimed water. 5. References [1] H. Marecos do Monte y A. Albuquerque, Wastewater Reuse, Technical Guide no.14, ERSAR, Lisbon, Portugal, (2010) p. 339 (in Portuguese). [2] F. Silva, “Evaluation of the reactive capacity of residual soils used for the infiltration of treated wastewater”. PhD Thesis in Civil Engineering, University of Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal, 2015, p. 490 (in Portuguese).
- Influence of hydraulic conditions on reclaimed water polishing using soil and sand columnsPublication . Silva, Flora; Geraldes, Ana Maria; Scalize, Paulo; Cavaleiro, Victor; Albuquerque, AntónioThe removal of residual pollutants from a synthetic effluent with a composition similar to that of urban effluent from secondary treatment was evaluated in vertical downflow columns. These were filled with soil, the fine fraction of the soil, and sand, and operated in discontinuous and continuous mode. The results showed high removal rates of organic matter, ammonium, nitrate and phosphate in the discontinuous and continuous experiments, especially for the fine fraction. Therefore, the soil is suitable for removing organic matter and nutrients (N-NH4, N-NO3, and P-PO4), and can be used for polishing wastewater before its infiltration.
- A influência de edifícios com coberturas verdes na drenagem pluvial de um loteamento urbanoPublication . Silva, Flora; Scalize, Paulo; Albuquerque, António; Geraldes, Ana MariaEste estudo tem como objetivo analisar a influência que o uso de coberturas verdes (CV) em relação ao uso de coberturas convencionais tem no dimensionamento hidráulico de uma rede pública de drenagem de águas pluviais de um loteamento urbano, e o seu contributo para uma drenagem urbana mais sustentável.
- Multi-criteria analysis for site selection for the reuse of reclaimed water and biosolids [Análise multicritério para a seleção de locais para o reuso de águas residuais tratadas e biosólidos]Publication . Albuquerque, António; Scalize, Paulo; Ferreira, Nilson; Silva, Flora; Institute for Environmental Research in Hydrographic Basins (IPABHi)Low pH soils with insufficient organic matter can benefit from the application of reclaimed water (RW) and biosolids. The presence of nutrients also aids plant growth. This paper presents the results of two integrated research studies, both carried out in the Beira Interior Region (Covilhã, Portugal); one used RW for irrigation, the other applied paper mill sludge to agricultural land. In both cases, multiple criteria based on GIS tools were used for site selection. In the first study, the characteristics of RW analyzed over 2 years were found suitable for crop irrigation. The RW had moderate organic content, low electrical conductivity (CE), high nutrient content (N, P), and low concentrations of nitrate, metals and phytotoxic elements (Al, B, Cl and Na). The multi-criteria analysis was carried out taking into account environmental, technical and economic criteria and a suitable area of 30.5 ha was found for RW irrigation. In the second work, the paper mill sludge was considered suitable for application to agricultural land. Its concentrations of N, P and heavy metals did not a present risk for soil contamination and were suitable for soil improvement and crop production. A multi-criteria analysis based on similar criteria was conducted and a suitable area of 253 ha was found for sludge application.