Browsing by Author "Pavia, Ivo"
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- Deficit irrigation strategies in olive orchards: influence on fruit qualityPublication . Gonçalves, Alexandre; Silva, Ermelinda; Brito, Cátia; Martins, Sandra; Rocha, Luís; Pavia, Ivo; Gomes, Carlos; Fernandes-Silva, Anabela; Ribeiro, Carlos; Rodrigues, M.A.; Moutinho-Pereira, José; Nunes, Fernando M.; Correia, Carlos M.In order to overcome constrains that affect olive groves and its socioeconomic value, new cropping practices focusing on water use efficiency were investigated. The study was conducted in Northeast Portugal and different deficit irrigation strategies (DIS) were investigated: regulated (RDI, 10% ETc during pit hardening and 80% ETc in the remaining stages), sustained (SDI, 27.5% ETc), sustained usually applied by farmer (SDIAF, 21.2% ETc) and fully irrigated (FI, 100% ETc), as control treatment. The fruit metabolites fluctuations and quality parameters were evaluated. Using FI as reference, DIS treatments led to changes in the secondary metabolism in fruits with increased total phenolic compounds (+11% in SDIAF), ortho-diphenols (+25 in SDI and +44% in SDIAF), and flavonoids (+29% in RDI, +26% in SDI, +91% in SDIAF) concentrations, and higher total antioxidant capacity (+41% in SDI). DIS treatments influenced the profile of olive fruit phenolics with changes in oleuropein (-55% in SDIAF), chlorogenic acid and quercetin-3,4‟-di-O-glucoside (non-detected in FI), eriodictyol-7-O-glucoside (+64% in RDI and +95% in SDI), and procyanidin A2 (+59% in RDI and -59% in SDIAF). Olive fruits from DIS treatments also showed higher fat content (22, 29 and 24 % in RDI, SDI and SDIAF, respectively). Fruits from RDI and SDI presented lower palmitoleic and linolenic acids, while no significant differences were observed in the concentrations of saturated, monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids. When subject to a puncture test in a texture analyser, all DIS fruits presented higher peel break force than FI control. This work show that DIS are essential for sustainable olive growing, as they do not compromise the competitiveness of the sector in terms of olive production and associated quality parameters.
- Efeito da aplicação de glicina e betaína na atividade fotossintética da oliveira em regime de sequeiroPublication . Martins, Sandra; Silva, Ermelinda; Gonçalves, Alexandre; Brito, Cátia; Rocha, Luís; Pinto, Luís; Pavia, Ivo; Ferreira, Helena; Dinis, Lia Tânia; Luzio, Ana; Rodrigues, M.A.; Moutinho-Pereira, José; Correia, Carlos M.A oliveira [Olea europaea L.) é uma espécie que frequentemente se encontra sujeita a longos períodos de seca e altas temperaturas, o que afeta a sua atividade fisiológica e, consequentemente, a sua produtividade. A glicina betaína é um importante soluto orgânico que apresenta um papel crucial na tolerância das plantas a alguns tipos de stresse/ incluindo o défice hídrico, por estar envolvido em processos como ajustamento osmótico, destoxificação de espécies reativas de oxigénio e proteção de macromoléculas, sendo também reserva de carbono e fonte de azoto. O objetivo do presente estudo foi investigar os efeitos da aplicação foliar de glicina betaína (25 mM) na atividade fotossintética de oliveiras (cv. Cobrançosa) em plena produção, cultivadas em regime de sequeiro na Terra Quente Transmontana (Suçães, Mirandela). A aplicação do bioestimulante foi efetuada no início do verão e a atividade fisiológica, centrada nas trocas gasosas e no estado hídrico, foi avaliada ao longo dos 3 meses seguintes. A aplicação de glicina betaína conduziu, em julho, a um aumento da taxa de fotossíntese e da eficiência intrínseca do uso da água durante o período da manha, e da condutância estomática durante a tarde. Por outro lado, as plantas tratadas com bioestimulante apresentaram aumento do conteúdo relativo em água no mês de agosto. Os resultados sugerem que a aplicação de glicina betaína provocou um aumento da atividade fisiológica a curto prazo, verificando-se perda de efeito a o longo do tempo. Justifíca-se a necessidade de estudos futuros no sentido de otimizar a concentração e o número de aplicações deste metabolito para obter uma melhor performance da oliveira em condições de sequeiro.
- Fertilização com boro melhora a fisiologia da oliveira em condições de sequeiroPublication . Silva, Ermelinda; Gonçalves, Alexandre; Brito, Cátia; Dinis, Lia Tânia; Rocha, Luís; Luzio, Ana; Pavia, Ivo; Ferreira, Helena; Pinto, Luís; Moutinho-Pereira, José; Ferreira, Isabel Q.; Arrobas, Margarida; Rodrigues, M.A.; Correia, Carlos M.O olival é uma das culturas amplamente distribuídas na região mediterrânica e com grande impacto em Portugal, nomeadamente na região de Trás-os-Montes onde apresenta elevada importância socioeconómica. Sendo a oliveira uma espécie muito exigente em boro e apresentado este micronutriente importantes funções nas plantas, entre as quais na estrutura da parede celular, divisão celular, integridade das membranas, transporte de açúcares e metabolismo dos hidratos de carbono, relações hídricas, floração, frutificaçâo e regulação hormonal, torna-se necessário aprofundar os conhecimentos sobre a resposta da oliveira à fertilizaçâo com boro. O presente estudo foi realizado num olival (cv. Cobrançosa) de sequeiro localizado em Bragança, tendo sido avaliados dois níveis de boro: 3 kg/ha e ausência de boro. Durante o stresse estivai foram avaliados parâmetros de trocas gasosas e fluorescência da clorofila o, conteúdo relativo em água, concentração de pigmentos fotossintéticos e indicadores de crescimento. Verificou-se que as plantas fertilizadas com boro apresentaram maior conteúdo relativo em água, condutância estomática, taxa de transporte de eletrões, quenching fotoquímico e concentração de ciorofilas, conduzindo a incrementos da taxa de fotossíntese líquida e do crescimento, expressa pelo diâmetro do tronco e pelo volume da copa. Estes resultados demonstram que a adição de boro melhora a fisiologia da oliveira em regime de sequeiro, fornecendo nova informação que poderá ajudar a aperfeiçoar as recomendações de fertilizaçâo para a cultura.
- Foliar application of arginine, jasmone, and kaolin ameliorate photosynthesis of olive treesPublication . Gonçalves, Alexandre; Silva, Ermelinda; Martins, Sandra; Brito, Cátia; Pinto, Luís; Rocha, Luís; Pavia, Ivo; Luzio, Ana; Dinis, Lia Tânia; Rodrigues, M.A.; Moutinho-Pereira, José; Correia, Carlos M.In Northeast Portugal, olive orchards cover over 75000 ha and involve approximately 36000 producers, being olive oil the only saleable product for many families. Despite the physiological defense strategies that olive trees dispose against summer stress, the projected climate change characterized by severe summer conditions, with low rainfall, excessive heat load and high irradiance leveis might affect this crop. Cropping practices for adaptation of olive orchards to climate change must be pursued. In this work we aimed to investigate the introduction of foliar applications of compounds that have shown a central role in stress tolerance in different plant species. The study was conducted in an organic orchard at Quinta do Prado, Lodões, Vila Flor (41°20'13. 3"N, 7°05'54. 2"W) and shows the impact of the application of arginine (l mM), jasmonate (100 |-iM) and kaolin (5%; w/v) on leaf gás exchange parameters at 6 different times between July and October 2016. Ali compounds, specially kaolin, contributed to the improvement of the photosynthetic activity of olive trees during measurements made during August and September, mainly due to lower stomatal limitations, although a drop of non-stomatal limitations were also recorded at midday period, namely by the end of August. The present study gives new insights about the effect ofthis new cropping practice for olive orchards that can help to mitigate the harsh climatic conditions projected forthe Mediterranean summers.
- Foliar application of jasmonic acid ameliorate photosynthesis and yield of the olive tree under summer stressPublication . Gonçalves, Alexandre; Martins, Sandra; Silva, Ermelinda; Brito, Cátia; Pinto, Luís; Rocha, Luís; Pavia, Ivo; Macedo, Fabrício; Freire, António; Rodrigues, M.A.; Moutinho-Pereira, José; Correia, Carlos M.Despite the physiological defence strategies that olive trees dispose against summer stress, the projected climate change for the Mediterranean Basin characterized by severe summer conditions, with low rainfall, excessive heat load, and high irradiance levels, right affect this crop. New cropping practices allowing better water use efficiency and protection against summer stress as with the introduction of foliar jasmonic acid were pursued. The study was conducted in an organic orchardat Quinta do Prado, Lodões, Vila Flor(41 °20'13.3"N, 7°05'54.2"W) under sustained deficit irrigation and shows the impact of the application of jasmonic acid (100 pM) on leaf gas exchange and yield during the 2017 season.
- Foliar application of melatonin to mitigate olive tree summer stressPublication . Gonçalves, Alexandre; Silva, Ermelinda; Martins, Sandra; Brito, Cátia; Pinto, Luís; Rocha, Luís; Pavia, Ivo; Luzio, Ana; Dinis, Lia Tânia; Rodrigues, M.A.; Moutinho-Pereira, José; Correia, Carlos M.Olive crop is widely distributed in the Mediterranean region and has a distinct socioeconomic importance in Portugal, namely in the Northeast region, where mostly rainfed olive orchards cover over 75000 ha and comprise approximately 36000 producers. The projected climate change characterized by severe summer conditions, with low rainfall, excessive heat load and high irradiance levels might affect this crop, notwithstanding the defense strategies that olive trees dispose against summer stress. In this work we aimed to investigate a new cropping practice with the introduction of a foliar application of melatonin (Nacetyl- 5-methoxytryptamine; 100 ~M) that have shown a central role in stress tolerance in different plant species. The study was conducted in an organic orchard of seven-years-old at Quinta do Prado, Lodoes, Vila Flor (41°20'13.3"N, 7"05'54.2"W), Portugal, and shows the impact on leaf gas exchange, chlorophyll a fluorescence, relative water content, concentration of photosynthetic pigments and fruits total phenolic content at 6 different times between July and October 2016. Melatonin sprayed plants consistently showed higher stomatal conductance (18-73% during morning measurements and 11-136% at midday), net photosynthesis (25-81% morning and 32-130% at midday), electron transport rate (12-23% morning and 0.1-13% at midday) and photochemical yield of photosystem 11 (12-24% morning and 0-13% at midday). The better physiological status of the melatonin sprayed olive trees was reflected in a decrease in fruits total phenolic content (21%). The results suggest that the foliar application of melatonin boost the physiological activity of olive trees, giving new insights about the effect of this new cropping practice in olive orchards. Future studies to optimize the concentration and the number of applications of this metabolite must be pursued in order to get a better performance of olive tree under the harsh climatic conditions projected for the Mediterranean region.
- Fruit yield and quality of olives under different deficit irrigation strategiesPublication . Gonçalves, Alexandre; Martins, Sandra; Silva, Ermelinda; Brito, Cátia; Pinto, Luís; Rocha, Luís; Pavia, Ivo; Luzio, Ana; Nunes, Fernando M.; Rodrigues, M.A.; Moutinho-Pereira, José; Correia, Carlos M.The Mediterranean Basin is a climate change hot spot where substantial warming and lower water availability is predicted. This scenario poses considerable challenges to olive groves, a crop with great ecological and socioeconomic importance. ln order to overcome these constrains, new cropping practices focusing on water use efficiency must be investigated. ln this work we aimed to investigate water management practices that can ensure the adequate compromise between yield and the quality of olive products. The study was conducted in Quinta do Prado, Lodões, Vila Flor (41 °20'13.3"N, 7°05'54.2"W) and a full irrigation (FI) control, applied daily, equivalent to 100% of crop evapotranspiration (ETc), was compared with three deficit irrigation strategies (DIS): regulated deficit irrigation (RDI; 80% of ETc in phases I and III of fruit growth and 10% of ETc in pit hardening stage, phase TI; 56 % of the ETc in all season), sustained deficit irrigation (SDI; 27.5% of ETc), and sustained deficit irrigation adopted by the farmer (SDIAF; 21.2% of ETc, applied weekly). The impact of treatments on fruit yield and quality during 2016 were evaluated. Using FI treatment as reference, no significant influence of RDI and SDI treatments were felt in crop yield, while the SDlAF treatment reduced it significantly (P
- Gas exchange performance and oxidative stress indicators in olive tree under different deficit irrigation strategiesPublication . Gonçalves, Alexandre; Silva, Ermelinda; Martins, Sandra; Brito, Cátia; Pinto, Luís; Rocha, Luís; Pavia, Ivo; Luzio, Ana; Dinis, Lia Tânia; Fernandes-Silva, Anabela; Rodrigues, M.A.; Moutinho-Pereira, José; Correia, Carlos M.The predicted scenario of global warming anticipates severe summer conditions in the Mediterranean basin, with low water availability and excessive heat load. hlence, in arder to overcome the constrains that will affect olive groves and its socioeconomic value, new cropping practices focusing on water use efficiency must be investigated. In this work we aimed to investigate water management practices that can ensure the adequate compromise between yield and the quality of olive products. The study was conducted in Quinta do Prado, Lodões, Vila Flor (41°20'13. 3"N, 7°05'54. 2"W) and different irrigation strategies where investigated: full irrigation (Fl), equivalent to 100% of crop evapotranspiration (ETc), as control treatment, sustained déficit irrigation (SDI; 30% of ETc) and regulated déficit irrigation (RDI; 80% of ETc in phases l and III offruit growth and 10% of ETc in pit hardening stage). The impact of the treatments on leaf gás exchange and oxidative stress indicators during the 2016 summer was evaluated. The results indicate that both déficit irrigation strategies (DIS) allowed to maintain similar values of photosynthetic and transpjration rate and stomatal conductance as in Fl treatment, even in the afternoon period, although occasionally lower values were recorded during summer, namely in RDI plants. Meanwhile, despite the great disparity in the amount of water used among treatments, there were no significant differences in the degree of oxidative stress, judging by the comparative values of photosynthetic pigments, soluble proteins, total thiols and electrolyte leakage. Thus, the DIS used in this study allow an adequate physiological activity of olive trees and give new insights about the effect of these strategies in olive orchards. Since the field trial is located in a commercial farm, production costs, returns, and also fruit quality parameters are being recorded, analysis of which might give an economic insight regarding the sustainability of the implemented techniques.
- Grey and black anti-hail nets ameliorated apple (Malus × domestica borkh. cv. golden delicious) physiology under mediterranean climatePublication . Brito, Cátia; Rodrigues, M.A.; Pinto, Luís; Gonçalves, Alexandre; Silva, Ermelinda; Martins, Sandra; Rocha, Luis; Pavia, Ivo; Arrobas, Margarida; Ribeiro, A.C.; Moutinho-Pereira, José; Correia, Carlos M.The use of anti-hail nets on orchards changes the microclimate underneath the net. This might be of great importance in apple growing regions characterized by high radiation levels and hot and dry climates during the summer season. But, depending on the net colour and on the local climatic conditions, the shade promoted triggers different responses by the trees. Grey and black anti-hail nets were applied in an apple orchard (cv. ‘Golden Delicious’) located in Northeast Portugal. Under the nets a lower concentration of glomalin related-soil proteins was observed, along with an improvement on trees water status, stomatal conductance, net photosynthetic rate, total chlorophylls, N, Mg, Fe and Cu concentrations, as well as an increase in mean fruit weight. The major difference between nets was on the photosynthetic efficiency, being higher on black net in sunny days, while grey net performed better under cloudy conditions. The use of netting systems proved to be effective in improving “Golden Delicious” apple trees performance under a Mediterranean climate, mainly when the radiation reaching the plants surpass the tree saturation point for photosynthesis. Therefore, these findings anticipate solutions for current and forecasted negative effects of climate change.
- Impacto da aplicação foliar de caulino na produção do olival sob rega deficitária e na qualidade da azeitona e do azeitePublication . Gonçalves, Alexandre; Silva, Ermelinda; Martins, Sandra; Brito, Cátia; Pinto, Luís; Rocha, Luís; Pavia, Ivo; Luzio, Ana; Dinis, Lia Tânia; Gomes, Carlos; Nunes, Fernando M.; Rodrigues, M.A.; Moutinho-Pereira, José; Correia, Carlos M.As alterações climáticas projetadas para a bacia do Mediterrâneo, caracterizadas por verões mais severos associados a baixa pluviosidade, carga térmica excessiva e elevados níveis de irradiação poderão afetar a sustentabilidade da olivicultura. Neste estudo, foi investigado a aplicação foliar de caulino, uma prática agrícola inovadora que mostrou anteriormente melhorar a eficiência no uso da água em diferentes espécies vegetais, tendo desta forma um papel central na tolerância ao stresse estivai. O estudo foi realizado na Q.uinta do Prado, Lodões, Vila Flor, em olival em modo de produção biológico sob rega deficitária (27,5% da ETc), tendo sido avaliado o impacto da aplicação de caulino (5%, w/v) no rendimento e qualidade dos frutos e azeite. Com a aplicação foliar de caulino verificou-se um aumento de 54,6 % na produção de azeitona, acompanhada por uma redução do conteúdo total de fenóis e orto-difenóis e da atividade antioxidante (ABTS) e um aumento do conteúdo em flavonoides nos frutos. O tratamento com caulino apresentou teores de gordura mais elevados (60,4% DW) do que o tratamento controlo (48,5% DW). O perfil de ácidos gordos dos frutos não evidenciou alterações significativas entre tratamentos, tendo sido apenas evidente o aumento da concentração de ácido palmitoleico e a diminuição do teor de ácido linoleico nas árvores tratadas com caulino. A extração de azeite, realizada num moinho Oliomio 50 (Mori-Tem, Itália), revelou que o tratamento com caulino apresentou um aumento de 2,3 % no rendimento em azeite e um menor índice de peróxidos. O presente estudo apresenta uma nova visão sobre o efeito desta nova prática agrícola em olival sob rega deficitária, evidenciando que a aplicação foliar de caulino melhora o rendimento, não prejudicando a qualidade do azeite produzido, o que poderá ajudar no desenvolvimento sustentável do sector olivícola.