Browsing by Author "Machado, Susana"
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- Detailed Phytochemical Composition, Cyto-/Hepatotoxicity, and Antioxidant/Anti-Inflammatory Profile of Moroccan Spices: A Study on Coriander, Caraway, and Mystical CuminPublication . Bouzaid, Hiba; Espírito Santo, Liliana; Ferreira, Diana M.; Machado, Susana; Costa, Anabela S.G.; Dias, Maria Inês; Calhelha, Ricardo C.; Barros, Lillian; Chater, Oumaima; Rodi, Youssef Kandri; Errachidi, Faouzi; Chahdi, Fouad Ouazzani; Oliveira, Beatriz; Alves, Rita C.Coriander, caraway, and mystical cumin are famous for their aromatic properties and widely used in Moroccan cuisine. The nutritional/phytochemical composition of their seeds (used for food flavoring and preservation) were compared. Their antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, cytotoxic and hepatotoxic effects were also explored. The fat content was similar among the samples (13%), with monounsaturated fatty acids being predominant. The coriander and mystical cumin seeds were extremely rich in C18:1n9c (81 and 85%, respectively) while, in the caraway, C18:1n12 (25%) was found together with C18:1n9c (32%). The caraway seeds also presented a higher proportion of C18:2n6c (34%) than the other seeds (13 and 8%, correspondingly). γ-Tocotrienol was the major vitamin E form in all the samples. The caraway seeds contained double the amount of protein (~18%) compared to the other seeds (~8%) but, qualitatively, the amino acid profiles among all seeds were similar. The seeds were also rich in dietary fiber (40–53%); however, differences were found in their fiber profiles. Caraway showed the highest antioxidant profile and anti-inflammatory activity and an LC-DAD-ESI/MSn analysis revealed great differences in the phenolic profiles of the samples. Cytotoxicity (NCI-H460, AGS, MCF-7, and CaCo2) and hepatotoxicity (RAW264.7) were not observed. In sum, besides their flavoring/preservation properties, these seeds are also relevant source of bioactive compounds with health-promoting activities.
- Infusion of aerial parts of Salvia chudaei Batt. & Trab. from Algeria: chemical, toxicological and bioactivities characterizationPublication . Semaoui, Redouane; Ouafi, Saida; Machado, Susana; Barros, Lillian; Ferreira, Isabel C.F.R.; Oliveira, BeatrizEthnopharmacological relevance: Salvia chudaei Batt. & Trab. from Algeria is traditionally used to relieve several dysfunctions, including inflammatory and pain-related situations. Aim of the study: This work aimed to confirm scientifically the referred properties. For that, the phenolic composition and antioxidant activity were evaluated as well as acute toxicity, anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects of different doses of the infusion of S. chudaei aerial parts. Materials and methods: Infusion of aerial parts of S. chudaei was prepared and screened for phenolic composition by generalized methods TPC and TFC then by LCDAD- ESI/MSn. DPPH and FRAP were used to evaluate antioxidant activity. Using mice, acute toxicity, anti-inflammatory by carrageenan-induced paw edema, and analgesic by acetic acid-induced writhing and formalin-induced pain activities were tested. Results: The infusion showed 2018 mg GAE/100g DW of phenolics and 1956 mg ECE/100g DW of flavonoids. Phenolic profile by LC-DAD-ESI/MSn revealed the presence of ten compounds: syringic acid hexoside derivative, kaempferol-O-diglucuronide, kaempferol-O-deoxyhexoside-hexoside, kaempferol-O-glucuronide, apigenin-O-diglucuronide, caffeic acid, 4-O-caffeoylquinic acid, eriodictyol-O-glucuronide, rosmarinic acid hexoside, and rosmarinic acid. This acid was the major compound representing 54% of the total content of the identified compounds and an absolute content of 18 mg/g of extract. Additionally, the infusion exhibited a good antioxidant activity (DPPH: 81 μmol TE/g DW, FRAP: 438 μmol FSE/g DW). By oral administration to mice, the infusion showed a significant (p<0.05) dose-dependent reduction of carrageenan-induced inflammation and inhibition of formalin-induced pain (late and early phase) and acetic acid-induced writhing compared with the control. On the other hand, infusion up to 8 g/kg b.w. showed no signs of toxicity or mortality. Conclusion: This study reveals, for the first time, that the infusion of the aerial parts of S. chudaei is not toxic in a single dose and has remarkable antioxidant, antiinflammatory, and analgesic activities, supporting the use of this species in folk medicine.