Browsing by Author "Machado, Ricardo J."
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- An empirical study on the estimation of size and complexity of software applications with function points analysisPublication . Alves, Luís M.; Oliveira, Sérgio; Ribeiro, Pedro; Machado, Ricardo J.Empirical studies are important in software engineering to evaluate new tools, techniques, methods and technologies in a structured way before they are introduced in the industrial (real) software process. Perform empirical studies in a real context is very difficult due to various obstacles. An interesting alternative is perform empirical studies in an educational context using students as subjects and share the results with the academia and the industry. This paper describes a case study with two teams that developed a software system (Web application) for a real customer. In this study we used a model based on Function Points Analysis (FPA) to estimate the size and complexity of software system.
- An empirical study on the estimation of software development effort with use case pointsPublication . Alves, Luís M.; Sousa, André; Ribeiro, Pedro; Machado, Ricardo J.Empirical studies are important in software engineering to evaluate new tools, techniques, methods and technologies in a structured way before they are introduced in the industrial (real) software process. Perform empirical studies in a real context is very difficult due to various obstacles, so, we intend to create a stable environment that allows us to perform reliably empirical studies with students. This paper describes a case study with 104 students grouped in seven teams that developed a software system (Web application) for a real costumer. In this study we used a model based on Use Case Points (UCP) to estimate the resources needed to develop a software system.
- Architectural element points: estimating software development effort by analysis of logical architecturesPublication . Alves, Luís M.; Ribeiro, Pedro; Machado, Ricardo J.Empirical studies are important in software engineering to evaluate new tools, techniques, methods and technologies. In object-oriented analysis, use case models describe the functional requirements of a software system, so they can be the basis for software measurement and sizing. The purpose of this study is to develop a new metric called Architectural Element Points (AEPoint) that enables to calculate the effort required to develop a software solution, using the 4-Step Rule Set (4SRS) method. This paper describes a case study with 60 undergraduate students grouped in four teams that developed a software system (Web application) for a real customer. In this study, we used the AEPoint metric to estimate the resources needed to develop a software system. The results of the AEPoint and Use Case Points (UCP) metrics and the real software development effort are compared, conclusions drawn and recommendations are proposed.
- Business modeling and requirements in RUP: a dependency analysis of activities, tasks and work productsPublication . Campos, Carina; Fernandes, José Eduardo; Machado, Ricardo J.Most artifacts developed during the requirements engineering process relate themselves in different ways. In order to understand in detail how they affect each other during the software development process, it is relevant to iden-tify their interdependencies. This paper presents a systematization of the existing interdependencies between the different elements of the Rational Unified Process (RUP) in the Business Modeling and Requirements disciplines. This work, which highlights knowledge about the different interdependencies and traceability of RUP elements, is useful to avoid unconscious decisions during software the de-velopment process and also, to detect potential problems due to the violation of the existing interdependencies.
- A case studies approach to the analysis of profiling and framing structures for pervasive information systemsPublication . Fernandes, José Eduardo; Machado, Ricardo J.; Carvalho, João ÁlvaroModel-Based/Driven Development (MDD) constitutes an approach to software design and development that potentially contributes to: concepts closer to domain and reduction of semantic gaps, automation andless sensitivity to technological changes, and the capture of expert knowledge and reuse. The widespread adoption of pervasive technologies as basis for new systems and applications lead to the need of effectively design pervasive information systems that properly fulfil the goals they were designed for. This paper presents a profiling and framing structure approach for the development of Pervasive Information Systems (PIS). This profiling and framing structure allows the organization of the functionality that can be assigned to computational devices in a system and of the corresponding development structures and models, being. The proposed approach enables a structural approach to PIS development. The paper also presents two case studies that allowed demonstrating the applicability of the approach.
- Development framework pattern for pervasive information systemsPublication . Fernandes, José Eduardo; Machado, Ricardo J.During last decade, the world watched a social acceptance of computing and computers, enhanced information technology devices, wireless networks, and Internet; they gradually became a fundamental resource for individuals. Nowadays, people, organizations, and the environment are empowered by computing devices and systems; they depend on services offered by modern Pervasive Information Systems supported by complex software systems and technology. Research on software development for PIS-delivered information, on issues and challenges on software development for them, and several other contributions have been delivered. Among these contributions are a development framework for PIS, a profiling and framing structure approach, and a SPEM 2.0 extension. This chapter, revisiting these contributions, provides an additional contribution: a pattern to support the use of the development framework and profiling approach on software development for PIS. This contribution completes a first series of contributions for the development of PIS. This chapter also presents a case study that allowed demonstrating the applicability of these contributions
- Experimental software engineering in educational contextPublication . Alves, Luís M.; Machado, Ricardo J.; Ribeiro, PedroEmpirical studies are important in software engineering to evaluate new tools, techniques, methods and technologies in a structured way before they are introduced in the industrial (real) software process. Within this PhD thesis we will develop a framework of a consistent process for involving students as subjects of empirical studies of software engineering. In concrete, our experiences with software development teams composed of students will analyze how RUP (Rational Unified Process) processes can be compliant with the CMMI (Capability Maturity Model Integration), namely in the context of MLs (maturity levels) 2 and 3. Additionally, we will also analyze the influence of project management tools to improve the process maturity of the teams. Our final goal of carrying out empirical studies with students is to understand its validity when compared with the corresponding studies in real industrial settings.
- Longevity of risks in software development projects: a comparative analysis with an academic environmentPublication . Alves, Luís M.; Souza, Gustavo; Ribeiro, Pedro; Machado, Ricardo J.The study presented in this paper was developed in an academic environment. All subjects involved in this research are enrolled in the Information Systems Master’s Degree of the University of Minho. The main objective of this study is to demonstrate the need for the continuity of studies about the risks presented in software development projects. For this purpose, we analyzed more than four hundred risks and about one hundred problems faced and documented by the working groups. With the collected data we defined a list of twenty risks and conducted a comparative study of these risks with others already formalized in previous industrial studies. The comparison data was analyzed and interpreted, and important conclusions were made.
- Model-driven development for pervasive information systemsPublication . Fernandes, José Eduardo; Machado, Ricardo J.; Carvalho, João ÁlvaroThis chapter focuses on design methodologies for pervasive information systems (PIS). It aims to contribute to the efficiency and effectiveness of software development of ubiquitous services/applications supported on pervasive information systems. Pervasive information systems are comprised of conveniently orchestrated embedded or mobile computing devices that offer innovative ways to support existing and new business models. Those systems are characterized as having a potentially large number of interactive heterogeneous embedded/mobile computing devices that collect, process, and communicate information. Also, they are the target of technological innovations. Therefore, changes in requirements or in technology require frequent modifications of software at device and system levels. Software design and evolution for those require suitable approaches that consider such demands and characteristics of pervasive information systems. Model-driven development approaches (which essentially centre the focus of development on models, and involve concepts such as Platform-Independent Models, Platform-Specific Models, model transformations, and use of established standards) currently in research at academic and industrial arenas in the design of large systems, offer potential benefits that can be applied to the design and evolution of these pervasive information systems. In this chapter, we raise issues and propose strategies related to the software development of PIS using a model-driven development perspective.
- Model-driven development for pervasive information systemsPublication . Fernandes, José Eduardo; Machado, Ricardo J.; Carvalho, João ÁlvaroThis chapter focus on design methodologies for pervasive information systems (PIS). It aims to contribute for the efficiency and effectiveness on software development of ubiquitous services/applications supported on pervasive information systems. Pervasive information systems are composed of conveniently orchestrated embedded or mobile computing devices that offer innovative ways to support existing and new business models. Those systems are characterized as having a potential large number of interactive heterogeneous embedded/mobile computing devices that collect, process, and communicate information. Additionally, they are target of high rates of technological innovations. Therefore, changes on requirements or in technology demands for frequent modifications on software at device and system levels. Software design and evolution for those requires suitable approaches that cope with such demands and characteristics of pervasive information systems. Model-driven development approaches (which essentially centre the focus of development on models, and involves concepts such as Platform-Independent Models, Platform-Specific Models, model transformations, and use of established standards) currently in research at academic and industrial arenas to design of large systems, offer potential benefits that can be applied to design and evolution of these pervasive information systems. In this chapter, we raise issues and propose strategies related to the software development of PIS using a model-driven development perspective.