Percorrer por autor "Lopes, Sofia"
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- Chitosan-cellulose particles as delivery vehicles for limonene fragrancePublication . Lopes, Sofia; Afonso, Catherine; Fernandes, Isabel P.; Barreiro, M.F.; Costa, Patrícia; Rodrigues, AlírioThis study proposes the use of chitosan-cellulose particles to encapsulate limonene, a fragrant component widely used in the flavor and fragrance industries. As cellulose possesses a stiff molecular structure due to the threedimensional arrangement of hydrogen bonded hydroxyls, its dissolution is difficult to achieve. To surpass this constraint, and solubilize cellulose, LiOH/urea/water systems were tested using different freezing temperatures and number of freezing/thawing/stirring cycles. Then, chitosan-cellulose composite particles were produced and characterized by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) to assess morphology and size, and by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) and Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA) to access chitosan-cellulose molecular interactions. The release behaviour of limonene from the chitosan-cellulose particles was studied by gas chromatography (GC). The obtained particles presented an average diameter ranging from 1 to 2mm and spherical shape, characteristics very similar to the corresponding empty cellulose-chitosan composite particles. A good affinity was found between the two biopolymers, cellulose and chitosan. The achieved encapsulation efficiency of limonene was 51.29%, and the produced particles demonstrated a burst release of limonene in the first 24 h, followed by a decrease over 162 h. Based on the achieved results this system seems favourable for applications requiring preservation of sensory qualities and prolonged release of fragrances.
- Marketing of breastmilk substitutes and early breastfeeding practices among native and migrant womenPublication . Lisi, Cosima; Teixeira, Cristina; Al Hamwi, Sousan; Rodrigues, Carina; Lopes, Sofia; Barros, HenriqueThere is a large body of evidence regarding the benefits of breastfeeding for mothers and their children. However, the influence of marketing of breastmilk substitutes on breastfeeding practices remains a big concern. The aim of this study is to examine the association between exposure to different breastmilk substitutes market factors and never breastfeeding or dropping exclusive breastfeeding within 1 month postpartum, comparing migrant with native women. Methods: This study is part of the project baMBINO, an ongoing research on perinatal health among migrant and native women in Portugal. Women with a live-birth and aged ≥ 18 years were recruited in 32 Portuguese public hospitals during admission for delivery. Data on breastfeeding practices and exposure to market factors were collected by telephone interviews at 1-3 months postpartum. According to their feeding practices within 1 month after delivery, women were classified into two categories: those who have never breastfed or have dropped exclusive breastfeeding, and those who have maintained exclusive breastfeeding. Five market factors were assessed: free samples, discounts, television, newspaper/magazine, and shop/ pharmacy advertisement. Logistic regression models were used to study the association between each market factor and early breastfeeding practices, adjusting for maternal age, education, parity, mode of delivery, and skin-to-skin contact in the first hour after birth. All analyses were stratified by women’s country of birth (native vs. migrant). Adjusted odds-ratio (aOR) and a respective 95% confidence interval (95%CI) were obtained. Results: Out of 539 natives and an equal number of migrant women, 43.4% and 36.7%, respectively, have either never breastfed or dropped exclusive breastfeeding within 1 month postpartum. After adjustment, natives exposed to free samples were more likely to never breastfeed or drop exclusive breastfeeding within 1 month after delivery (aOR = 1.90, 95%CI: 1.06-3.42), while those exposed to shop/pharmacy advertisement were less likely to (aOR = 0.62, 95%CI 0.43-0.89). Conversely, migrants exposed to newspaper/magazine advertisement were less likely to never breastfeed or drop exclusive breastfeeding within 1 month postpartum (aOR = 0.54, 95%CI 0.31-0.95). Conclusions/Recommendations: Our results revealed differences in the effect of market factors on breastfeeding practices between native and migrant women, which might be explained by cultural factors. Future research should investigate the mechanisms underlying the direction of association between specific market factors and early breastfeeding practices.
- Marketing of breastmilk substitutes and early breastfeeding practices among native and migrant womenPublication . Lisi, Cosima; Teixeira, Cristina; Al Hamwi, Sousan; Rodrigues, Carina; Lopes, Sofia; Barros, HenriqueThere is a large body of evidence regarding the benefits of breastfeeding for mothers and their children. However, the influence of marketing of breastmilk substitutes on breastfeeding practices remains a big concern. The aim of this study is to examine the association between exposure to different breastmilk substitutes market factors and never breastfeeding or dropping exclusive breastfeeding within 1 month postpartum, comparing migrant with native women. Methods: This study is part of the project baMBINO, an ongoing research on perinatal health among migrant and native women in Portugal. Women with a live-birth and aged ≥ 18 years were recruited in 32 Portuguese public hospitals during admission for delivery. Data on breastfeeding practices and exposure to market factors were collected by telephone interviews at 1-3 months postpartum. According to their feeding practices within 1 month after delivery, women were classified into two categories: those who have never breastfed or have dropped exclusive breastfeeding, and those who have maintained exclusive breastfeeding. Five market factors were assessed: free samples, discounts, television, newspaper/magazine, and shop/ pharmacy advertisement. Logistic regression models were used to study the association between each market factor and early breastfeeding practices, adjusting for maternal age, education, parity, mode of delivery, and skin-to-skin contact in the first hour after birth. All analyses were stratified by women’s country of birth (native vs. migrant). Adjusted odds-ratio (aOR) and a respective 95% confidence interval (95%CI) were obtained. Results: Out of 539 natives and an equal number of migrant women, 43.4% and 36.7%, respectively, have either never breastfed or dropped exclusive breastfeeding within 1 month postpartum. After adjustment, natives exposed to free samples were more likely to never breastfeed or drop exclusive breastfeeding within 1 month after delivery (aOR = 1.90, 95%CI: 1.06-3.42), while those exposed to shop/pharmacy advertisement were less likely to (aOR = 0.62, 95%CI 0.43-0.89). Conversely, migrants exposed to newspaper/magazine advertisement were less likely to never breastfeed or drop exclusive breastfeeding within 1 month postpartum (aOR = 0.54, 95%CI 0.31-0.95). Conclusions/Recommendations: Our results revealed differences in the effect of market factors on breastfeeding practices between native and migrant women, which might be explained by cultural factors. Future research should investigate the mechanisms underlying the direction of association between specific market factors and early breastfeeding practices.
- Time-trends in pregnancy: findings from PortugalPublication . Lopes, Sofia; Teixeira, Cristina; Barros, HenriqueTo examine trends in pregnancy and abortion rates observed in Portugal in the last decade. We abstracted all delivery and abortionrelated-admissions to Portuguese public hospitals (2000–2010) using a nationwide inpatient database(corresponding to nearly 96% of all deliveries). We computed age-specific pregnancy and termination of pregnancy rates (all and induced abortion)considering the age groups less than 15, 15–19, 20–34, 35–39 and more than 39 years, using national population estimates as denominator. Joinpoint regression was used to estimate average annual percent change (AAPC) in rates and to identify points in time when significant changes in trend occurred. Youngest teenager pregnancy rates (less than 15 yrs.)decreased significantly from 0.6 to 0.3 per 1000 women (AAPC=-4.9%; p=0.01) with a non-significant decrease in abortion rates (AAPC=-4.1%; p=0.100). Pregnancy and abortion rates per 1000 15–19 year old girls, showed no significant variation up to 2003 (AAPC=-1.8%;p=0.071 for pregnancy and AAPC=2.5%; p=0.449 for abortion). Then, a significant decrease was observed either in pregnancy (from 20.1 to 14.6; AAPC=-5.2%; p<0.001) and in abortion rates (from 2.5 to 1.5; AAPC =-8.2%; p<0.001). Pregnancy rates per 1000 women aged 20–34 decreased from 78.1 to 66.5. It corresponded to a significant decline up to 2004 (AAPC=-3.1%; p=0.020) but a stable course onwards (AAPC=-0.6%; p=0.389). Abortion rates in this age group steadily decreased from 7.7 to 5.5 per 1000 women (AAPC=-3.24%; p<0.001). In contrast,there was a significant increase in pregnancy rates from 32.3 to 37.5 per 1000 women aged 35–39(AAPC=1.54; p<0.001) and from 2.9 to 3.2 per 1000 women aged 40 or more (AAPC=1.21; p<0.001). Abortion rates per 1000 women aged 35–39 showed an inflexion point such that up to 2005 there was no significant annual change (AAPC=1.5; p=0.239), while from 2005 onwards this rate decreased significantly from 5.7 to 4.6 (AAPC=-4.3; p=0.011). Among women aged 40 or more, abortion rates steadily decreased from 0.9 to 0.7 (AAPC=-4.3; p=0.011). Along this time period,induced abortion rates showed no significant changes in all age groups. Conclusions: Pregnancy rates showed downward trend among adolescent girls but an upward trend among older women. Still, no considerable changes occurred in induced abortion rates. Our results suggest the influence of family planning and also the postponement of pregnancy to older ages. There is evidence of increasing trend in planned pregnancy.
- Tobacco use during pregnancy among native and migrant women in Portugal. Results from the bambino studyPublication . Teixeira, Cristina; Al Hamwi, Sousan; Carrapatoso, Mariana; Lisi, Cosima; Lopes, Sofia; Barros, Henrique; Cancela, MarilyneTobacco use is a major modifiable risk factor of adverse maternal and fetal health outcomes. Being a migrant has been associated with lower risk of smoking during pregnancy. However, it remains a matter of debate whether such association could be explained by other socio-demographic characteristics or whether such effect remains or increases according to the length of stay in the host country. This study examined the differences in maternal smoking prevalence between native, long-term and recent migrant women in Portugal. METHODS: This study was derived from baMBINO, a national project grounded on 32 public maternity units in mainland Portugal aiming to investigate the differences in perinatal healthcare and outcomes among migrant and native women. Recruitment took place during admission for delivery, inviting both native and foreign-born women. Participants included in this analysis (n=1107) were classified according to their country of birth and length of stay in Portugal into: native (Portuguese-born), recent migrant (foreign-born women who spent 10 years or less in Portugal), and long-term migrants (foreign-born women who spent more than 10 years in Portugal). Logistic regression model was fitted to estimate the association between the aforementioned migration statuses and having or not smoked tobacco during pregnancy, taking into account women’s age, parity, marital status, level of education, family income, country of origin of women’s parents and gestational age at the first prenatal care visit. Adjusted odds-ratio (OR) and respective 95% confidence interval (95%CI) were obtained. RESULTS: A little over half of the study participants were foreign-born and almost 60% of those were recent migrants. Tobacco smoking during pregnancy was evidently more prevalent among native women than among long-term or recent migrant women (14% vs. 8% and 4% respectively; p<0.001). Compared to native women, both long-term and recent migrant women were more likely to be unmarried, have a family income lower than 1000€, and have their first prenatal visit after 12 weeks of gestation. Long-term migrants were more likely to have Portuguese-born parents than recent migrants (26.0% vs. 2.5%; p<0.001). According to the multivariate regression model, having a higher educational level was significantly associated with not smoking during pregnancy (secondary school: OR=0.38; 95%CI:0.23–0.62; postgraduate education: OR=0.18; 95%CI:0.09–0.35), opposed to women who have 9 or less years of education. However no association was observed between smoking during pregnancy and maternal age (OR=1.10; 95%CI:0.60–2.01 and OR=0.95; 95%CI:0.57–1.58 for women aged less than 25 and 35 or more years, respectively, in comparison with women aged 25-34 years), family income (OR=1.30; 95%CI:0.77–2.18 for women with higher income), parity (OR=0.68; 95%CI:0.43–1.09 for multiparous in comparison with primiparous women), gestational age at first prenatal visit (OR=1.12, 95%CI:0.59–2.11 for women having their first prenatal visit after 12 weeks), having a foreign-born parent (yes vs no: OR=0.83; 95%CI:0.43–1.63) and marital status (single vs married women: OR=0.76; 95%CI:0.46–1.24). Smoking during pregnancy was significantly less frequent in recent and long-term migrants (OR=0.24; 95%CI:0.10-0.57, OR=0.52, 95%CI: 0.25-1.09 respectively) compared with native Portuguese women. CONCLUSION: Results of this study demonstrated significant disparities in the prevalence of maternal smoking during pregnancy according to the women’s place of birth and duration of stay in Portugal. Native-born women had a higher risk of smoking during pregnancy than foreign-born women. The increase in the duration of stay in the host country seemed to have a negative effect on maternal smoking of migrants in Portugal. Smoking cessation health strategies in pregnant women in Portugal need to be improved by taking into account the mentioned variations in smoking behaviors.
- Tobacco use during pregnancy among native and migrant women in Portugal: results from bambino studyPublication . Teixeira, Cristina; Al Hamwi, Sousan; Carrapatoso, Mariana; Cancela, Marilyne; Lisi, Cosima; Lopes, Sofia; Barros, HenriqueTobacco use is a major modifiable risk factor of adverse maternal and fetal health outcomes. Being a migrant has been associated with lower risk of smoking during pregnancy. However, it remains a matter of debate whether such association could be explained by other socio-demographic characteristics or whether such effect remains or increases according to the length of stay in the host country. This study examined the differences in maternal smoking prevalence between native, long-term and recent migrant women in Portugal. METHODS: This study was derived from baMBINO, a national project grounded on 32 public maternity units in mainland Portugal aiming to investigate the differences in perinatal healthcare and outcomes among migrant and native women. Recruitment took place during admission for delivery, inviting both native and foreign-born women. Participants included in this analysis (n=1107) were classified according to their country of birth and length of stay in Portugal into: native (Portuguese-born), recent migrant (foreign-born women who spent 10 years or less in Portugal), and long-term migrants (foreign-born women who spent more than 10 years in Portugal). Logistic regression model was fitted to estimate the association between the aforementioned migration statuses and having or not smoked tobacco during pregnancy, taking into account women’s age, parity, marital status, level of education, family income, country of origin of women’s parents and gestational age at the first prenatal care visit. Adjusted odds-ratio (OR) and respective 95% confidence interval (95%CI) were obtained. RESULTS: A little over half of the study participants were foreign-born and almost 60% of those were recent migrants. Tobacco smoking during pregnancy was evidently more prevalent among native women than among long-term or recent migrant women (14% vs. 8% and 4% respectively; p<0.001). Compared to native women, both long-term and recent migrant women were more likely to be unmarried, have a family income lower than 1000€, and have their first prenatal visit after 12 weeks of gestation. Long-term migrants were more likely to have Portuguese-born parents than recent migrants (26.0% vs. 2.5%; p<0.001). According to the multivariate regression model, having a higher educational level was significantly associated with not smoking during pregnancy (secondary school: OR=0.38; 95%CI:0.23–0.62; postgraduate education: OR=0.18; 95%CI:0.09–0.35), opposed to women who have 9 or less years of education. However no association was observed between smoking during pregnancy and maternal age (OR=1.10; 95%CI:0.60–2.01 and OR=0.95; 95%CI:0.57–1.58 for women aged less than 25 and 35 or more years, respectively, in comparison with women aged 25-34 years), family income (OR=1.30; 95%CI:0.77–2.18 for women with higher income), parity (OR=0.68; 95%CI:0.43–1.09 for multiparous in comparison with primiparous women), gestational age at first prenatal visit (OR=1.12, 95%CI:0.59–2.11 for women having their first prenatal visit after 12 weeks), having a foreign-born parent (yes vs no: OR=0.83; 95%CI:0.43–1.63) and marital status (single vs married women: OR=0.76; 95%CI:0.46–1.24). Smoking during pregnancy was significantly less frequent in recent and long-term migrants (OR=0.24; 95%CI:0.10-0.57, OR=0.52, 95%CI: 0.25-1.09 respectively) compared with native Portuguese women. CONCLUSION: Results of this study demonstrated significant disparities in the prevalence of maternal smoking during pregnancy according to the women’s place of birth and duration of stay in Portugal. Native-born women had a higher risk of smoking during pregnancy than foreign-born women. The increase in the duration of stay in the host country seemed to have a negative effect on maternal smoking of migrants in Portugal. Smoking cessation health strategies in pregnant women in Portugal need to be improved by taking into account the mentioned variations in smoking behaviors.