Browsing by Author "Fernandes, E."
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- An assessment of the processing and physicochemical factors contributing to the microbial contamination of salpicão, a naturally-fermented Portuguese sausagePublication . Cadavez, Vasco; Gonzales-Barron, Ursula; Pires, P.; Fernandes, E.; Pereira, Ana Paula; Gomes, Aline; Araújo, José Pedro; Lopes-da-Silva, M.F.; Rodrigues, Paula; Fernandes, Conceição; Saavedra, Maria José; Butler, Francis; Dias, TeresaComplete microbiological, physicochemical and environmental longitudinal data were obtained from factory surveys in order to elucidate risk factors leading to the survival of Enterobacteriaceae, Staphylococcus aureus and Listeria monocytogenes in salpicão sausage. A total of six batches were surveyed from two factories; one added nitrite and polyphosphates in their formulation (Factory II). The addition of polyphosphates slowed down fermentation, which favoured the increase in Enterobacteriaceae (∼0.5 log CFU/g), S. aureus (∼0.5 log CFU/g) and L. monocytogenes (∼70 CFU/g) until maceration. Maceration should be regarded as a critical stage in the control of S. aureus in salpicão, as longer maceration (p = 0.033), higher temperatures of maceration (p = 0.018) and pH of macerated meat (p = 0.079) led to higher S. aureus counts in the final product. The main hurdle controlling S. aureus in salpicão is the pH. For L. monocytogenes and Enterobacteriaceae, at least three hurdles hinder their viability: low Aw (p = 0.010; 0.012), smoking (p < 0.0001; 0.020) and nitrite (p = 0.158; 0.105). Cross-contamination, especially during mixing, should be avoided as it is an important factor explaining the increase in Enterobacteriaceae (p = 0.041), S. aureus (p = 0.015) and L. monocytogenes (p = 0.082) on a batch basis. There is a need to optimise the acidification process and reinforce good hygiene practices
- Arthropod biodiversity associated to European sheep grazed pasturesPublication . Garcia, Rosa; Peric, Tanja; Cadavez, Vasco; Ko, Nathanael; Cerqueira, Joaquim; Stanganello, R. Pietro; Fernandes, E.; Celaya, Rafael; Gonzales-Barron, Ursula; Baratta, MarioWe analysed the biodiversity of foliage arthropods in nine sheep grazed pasturelands in five European countries. During the maximum flowering period in 2018, entomofauna was collected in 4-6 areas within each pasture, performing 6 transects/area and 25 sweeps per transect. Multivariate analyses tested the differences in total arthropod community composition among degrees of intensification, bioregions and types of pastures. A total of 51,474 arthropods from 3 classes, 17 orders and 95 taxonomical groups were recorded. Univariate analyses revealed that total arthropod abundance was higher in extensive than in intensive systems (P<0.01). It also differed between bioregions (higher in Alpine than in Continental, P<0.05) and between types of pastures (higher in mountain than in lowland pastures where animals are supplemented, P<0.05). Total taxa richness was not influenced by any of the three factors. However, multivariate analyses indicated that community composition differed among intensive and extensive systems, bioregions and types of pastures (P<0.001). The greatest differences occurred between Alpine and Mediterranean (P<0.001), and Mediterranean and Continental pastures (P<0.05), as well as between lowland seminatural and improved pastures (P<0.05), and seminatural and mountain pastures (P<0.001). These results reveal the complex and varied communities associated to the diverse sheep systems and valorise the role of the mo
- Biodiversidad asociada a los sistemas de producción ovina en PortugalPublication . Fernandes, E.; Cadavez, Vasco; Celaya, Rafael; Gonzales-Barron, Ursula; Cerqueira, Joaquim; Rosa-García, R.Los consumidores demandan cada vez más alimentos asociados a sistemas productivos sostenibles que contribuyan a la conservación de la biodiversidad.
- Composición de los aditivos en embutido fermentado portugués (chouriço) después del secadoPublication . Pires, Preciosa; Araújo, José Pedro; Barros, M. Teresa; Fernandes, E.; Cerqueira, Joaquim; Cadavez, Vasco; Gonzales-Barron, Ursula; Dias, TeresaChouriço is a Portuguese dry-fermented sausage, which is much appreciated among consumers and highly consumed due to its organoleptic characteristics. Hence, the objective of this study was to investigate the food additive composition in dry products and comparison with the values in UE Regulation. The maximum limits allowed, according to Reg (EU) 1129/2011, are met for nitrite in both factories, with values well below the limit of 150 mg/kg (between 0,42-8,01 mg/kg). For nitrate salts the values are below the maximum limit in one production (between 10,1-22,6 mg/kg) but above the maximum level (> 150mg/kg) in another production (above 164,5 mg/kg). Regarding phosphates, both factories have their products not meeting the EU Reg (> 500 mg / kg). The chouriço is a meat product that can be consumed raw. To this product are added additives which act as antioxidants, in the case of nitrite, and as preventive or inhibitors of microbial growth. The concentrations of these salts have to be controlled, but its positive effects are superimposed on the possibility of problems originated with growth of microorganisms.