Percorrer por autor "Eissa, Asmaa Anwar"
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- Estrutura populacional e estado de conservação das subespécies de Apis mellifera no Oriente Próximo e MédioPublication . Yadró Garcia, Carlos A.; Henriques, Dora; Honrado, Mónica; Amaral, Joana S.; Eissa, Asmaa Anwar; Haddad, Nizar; Obeidat, Wisam; Arruda, James; Lamghari, Fouad; Cilia, Giovanni; Martín-Hernández, Raquel; Nanetti, Antonio; Pinto, M. AliceA abelha melífera, Apis mellifera, é composta por 31 subespécies que se encontram distribuídas na Ásia, África e Europa. O objetivo deste trabalho é desvendar a estrutura populacional e verificar o estado de conservação de três subespécies do Médio Oriente, as quais têm sido pouco estudadas. Para isso, foi extraído o DNA a partir de tóraxes inteiros de machos de 329 amostras de A. m. lamarckii (Egito, 68 amostras), A. m. syriaca (Jordânia, 238 amostras) e A. m. jemenitica (Omã e Emirados Árabes Unidos, 23 amostras). Foram adicionadas 21 amostras de A. m. ligustica, que é uma subespécie amplamente utilizada pelos apicultores no mundo inteiro e por isso fonte de introgressão genética. O genoma completo das 329 amostras foi sequenciado na plataforma Illumina NovaSeq 600 tendo como objetivo uma cobertura de 20X. Os 329 genomas foram mapeados usando o genoma de referência Amel_HAv3.1 e foi implementada uma pipeline que garante a qualidade dos dados. No final, obteve-se um total de 4.030.485 de SNPs que foram usados na reconstrução da estrutura populacional com o ADMIXTURE e PCA. As amostras egípcias mostraram que apesar de terem alguma introgressão de A. m. ligustica, essa não é relevante e é variável (Q-values entre 1E-05 e 0.44), com a maior parte (97%) das amostras apresentando um valor médio de 0.07 ± 0.06 (Q-values, meia ± DP). A. m. syriaca apresenta uma estrutura complexa, tendo sido observados dois grupos distintos pelo PCA e três pelo ADMIXTURE. Relativamente seu ao estado de conservação, foram detetados 76 indivíduos com uma proporção considerável (Q-values entre 0.15 e 0.47) de introgressão com A. m. ligustica. No caso de A. m. jemenitica, foram observados dois cenários diferentes. Em Omã, todas as amostras estudadas mostraram ser puras. Por outro lado, apenas sete amostras dos Emirados Árabes Unidos foram classificadas como tal, enquanto as restantes mostraram proporções de introgressão semelhantes às do Egito. Estes resultados evidenciam o estado precário de integridade genética que estas subespécies apresentam nos locais estudados. No entanto, a existência de indivíduos que podem ser considerados puros para suas respetivas subespécies pode servir como ponto de partida para o desenvolvimento de planos de conservação.
- Exploiting the mitogenomes of apis mellifera subspecies to develop an authentication tool to verify the entomological origin of mediterranean honeysPublication . Honrado, Mónica; Henriques, Dora; Santos, Joana; Yadró Garcia, Carlos A.; Martín-Hernández, Raquel; Nanetti, Antonio; González, Amelia Virginia; Al Shagour, Banan; Hosri, Chadi; Farrugia, Dylan; Giovanni, Cilia; Zammit Mangion, Marion; Muz, Mustafa Necati; Haddad, Nizar; Galea, Thomas; Haider, Yamina; Obeidat, Wisam; Aglagane, Abdessamad; Arab, Alireza; Varnava, Andri; Eissa, Asmaa Anwar; Muz, Dilek; Hatjina, Fani; Lamghari, Fouad; Arruda, James; Caristos Caristos, Leonidas; Pinto, M. Alice; Amaral, Joana S.Honey is highly susceptible to adulteration. Currently, the assessment of its geographical origin remains one of the most difficult tasks, which is typically performed by melyssopalynology. Recently, the attention has shifted towards indirect approaches such as the entomological origin based on geographical distribution patterns of honey bee subspecies. Although queens’ trade has impacted the natural subspecies distribution, honeys produced with autochthonous bees or bearing a Protected Designation of Origin specifying the producing honey bee subspecies, offer a unique avenue for authentication. In the MEDIBEES project, we aim to develop a DNA-metabarcoding approach to authenticate honey's entomological origin focusing on mitochondrial lineages A, M, C, and O. To achieve this goal, the DNA from 1251 honey bees representing 16 subspecies (A.m. sahariensis, A.m. intermissa, A.m. siciliana, A.m. ruttneri, A.m. iberiensis, A.m. ligustica, A.m. macedonica, A.m. adami, A.m. cecropia, A.m. cypria, A.m. caucasia, A.m. meda, A.m. anatoliaca, A.m. syriaca, A.m. jemenitica, A.m. lamarcki) was extracted and the whole genome sequenced. From those, 740 mitogenomes were assembled using the MitoZ software. The quality of the assembled mitogenome was assessed by aligning all the sequences using MEGA and 348 samples were deleted. Finally, a phylogenetic analysis was conducted to eliminate non-local subspecies, resulting in a total of 326 mitogenomes. This dataset was used for calculating the fixation index (FST) pairwise values, and a sliding window of 400bp was used to identify single nucleotide polymorphisms that effectively differentiate (FST>0.98) the four lineages, enabling the identification of promising regions for primer design. In this study, three regions were identified that discriminate the four maternal lineages while showing an appropriate length for metabarcoding, namely in the COI, ND1 gene, and CYTB genes.
- General beekeeping practices and main stressors identified by beekeepers in the MediterraneanPublication . Nanetti, Antonio; Martín-Hernández, Raquel; Zammit Mangion, Marion; Alice Pinto, M.; Farrugia, Dylan; Zammit Mangion, Rachel; Noureddine, Adjlane; Eissa, Asmaa Anwar; Cilia, Giovanni; Daour, Ahmad Yousef; Garrido, Claudia; Haddad, Nizar; Henriques, Dora; Hosri, Chadi; Muz, Mustafa Necati; Sagastume, Soledad; Galea, Thomas; Medibees ConsortiumBeekeeping is an ecologically and economically important activity in the Mediterranean that is increasingly under threat from a combination of factors. In the MEDIBEES (Monitoring the Mediterranean honey bee subspecies and their resilience to climate change for the improvement of sustainable agro-ecosystems) PRIMA project we aim to identify honey bees that show resilience to stressors associated with climate change. An important first step in our work was to establish baseline data of practices in the region through the administering of a questionnaire on the beekeeping practices. Over 1022 responses were received from beekeepers in Algeria, Egypt, Jordan, Italy, Lebanon, Malta, Spain, Portugal and Turkey. Beekeeping was overwhelmingly male dominated (ratio 9:1) and practiced largely by the middle-aged (mainly between 40-50 years). The majority of beekeepers reported having 10-50 boxes with the exceptions of Algeria and Jordan where the majority reported keeping more than 100 hive boxes. Across the Mediterranean the Langstroth hive box was most commonly used. Despite the perception of migratory beekeeping being frequently practiced, only Lebanon and Turkey reported significant levels of transhumance (>50.0 and 70.0% of beekeepers respectively). 51.2% of beekeepers reported practicing queen rearing with the majority of these (51.4%) reporting re-queening their colonies every 2 years. Interestingly, the majority of all beekeepers agreed with the statement that their native honey bee is endangered where pesticide use, lack of adequate forage and parasite infestations such as the Varroa mite were repeatedly cited as causing the greatest losses to honey bees in general. Climate change and urbanisation were also linked with colony losses by causing habitat loss. Supplementary feeding was reported to be an integral part of beekeeping in this region, with beekeepers reporting using between 0-5kg, closely followed by 6-10 kg of additional sugars.
- Insights into population structure and conservation status of north African honey beesPublication . Yadró Garcia, Carlos A.; Henriques, Dora; Haider, Yamina; Eissa, Asmaa Anwar; Aglagane, Abdessamad; Rufino, José; Nanetti, Antonio; Martín-Hernández, Raquel; Pinto, M. AliceThe population structure of North African A. mellifera subspecies has been overlooked. Here, WG generated from drones were analyzed to assess population structure and the conservation status of three A-lineage subspecies: A. m. lamarckii (Egypt, 68 samples), A. m. intermissa (Algeria, 69 samples), and A. m. sahariensis (Algeria, 68 samples; Morocco, 26 samples). Population structure was assessed by SNMF and PCA. For A. m. lamarckii, variable C-lineage introgression was detected (median q-valueC-lineage=0.068; IQR=0.074) and PCA showed a well-grouped cluster slightly shifted towards C-lineage. Moroccan samples showed a highly compact group close to, but distinct from, the Algerian samples, and without signals of C-lineage introgression. In Algeria, only 28 A. m. sahariensis samples showed high purity values for this subspecies, and the remaining 48 samples showed variable introgression from A. m. intermissa (q-valueintermissa=0.127; 0.021). A more concerning scenario was found for A. m. intermissa, in which only 17 samples were classified as pure A. m. intermissa, 21 samples showed variable A. m. sahariensis introgression (q-valuesahariensis=0.125; 0.016), and the remaining 32 samples showed to be pure A. m. sahariensis. In the PCA analysis, a large portion of Algerian samples formed a cluster containing individuals of both subspecies. The remaining Algerian samples formed five well-defined isolated clusters: three containing A. m. sahariensis samples and two containing A. m. intermissa samples. SNMF runs at K=7 for the Algerian samples also recovered the existence of these high-purity isolated clusters. While most A. m. intermissa samples were located in the northern part of Algeria, some were located farther south. For A. m. sahariensis, a large portion of the samples were located close to the Mediterranean coast. These results suggest that, in addition to the C-lineage introgression (especially in A. m. lamarckii), the geographical delimitation originally described by Ruttner does not exist anymore in North Africa.