Browsing by Author "Dallemole-Giaretta, Rosangela"
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- Agentes biológicos no combate das podridões da castanhaPublication . Agostini, Isadora; Silva, Sofia; Dallemole-Giaretta, Rosangela; Gomes-Laranjo, José; Sampaio, Ana; Rodrigues, PaulaApós a colheita da castanha (Castanea sativa Mill.), a maior preocupação das unidades de processamento é o controlo de agentes de deterioração, incluindo podridões. Atualmente, o fungo Gnomoniopsis smithogilvyi, agente causal da podridão castanha, tornou-se o principal causador de perdas de castanha em toda a Europa. Os objetivos deste trabalho foram: i) Analisar in vitro a atividade de um fungicida biológico comercial e de bactérias isoladas em laboratório no controlo dos agentes causais das podridões da castanha, em particular G. smithogilvyi; ii) Identificar a(s) bactéria(s) com potencial de controlo; iii) Estudar o modo de ação dos agentes selecionados contra G. smithogilvyi. Para tal, foram testados como potenciais agentes de controlo os produtos comerciais Serenade® ASO (Bacillus amyloliquefaciens) e Codasil® (solução de silício), e três isolados bacterianos. Como controlo positivo foi usado o fungicida Horizon® (Tebuconazol). Verificou-se que Serenade® ASO, Horizon® e a bactéria BCA1 tiveram efeito de controlo contra G. smithogilvyi, Trichoderma viridescens, Penicillium brevicompactum, Penicillium expansum, Mucor racemous e Ciboria batschiana. Codasil® estimulou o crescimento dos fungos. A bactéria BCA1 foi selecionada como potencial agente de biocontrolo, e foi identificada por métodos moleculares como B. amyloloquefaciens. Estudos sobre o modo de ação de Serenade® ASO e da bactéria BCA1 estão em curso.
- Chestnut brown rot and Gnomoniopsis smithogilvyi: characterization of the causal agent in PortugalPublication . Possamai, Guilherme; Dallemole-Giaretta, Rosangela; Gomes-Laranjo, José; Sampaio, Ana; Rodrigues, PaulaSweet chestnut (Castanea sativa Miller) is a nutritious food with high social and economic impacts in Portugal. The fungus Gnomoniopsis smithogilvyi (syn. Gnomoniopsis castaneae) is the causal agent of chestnut brown rot, and is currently considered one of the major threats to the chestnut production chain worldwide. Considering the lack of knowledge on both the disease and the causal agent in Portugal, studies were conducted in an attempt to develop the necessary control strategies towards the mitigation of the disease in a timely way. Isolates of G. smithogilvyi were selected from three varieties of chestnut from the northeast of Portugal, and were characterized at the morphological, ecophysiological and molecular levels. Tests of pathogenicity and virulence were also developed. Gnomoniopsis smithogilvyi was confirmed as the causal agent of brown rot disease in Portuguese chestnut varieties, which showed high susceptibility. The fungus showed high adaptability to chestnut substrates. The Portuguese isolates of G. smithogilvyi are morphologically and genetically similar to those from other countries, even though some physiological variability was observed among them.
- Mycotoxins and other secondary metabolites are produced by Gnomoniopsis smithogilvyi when confronted with biological and chemical control agentsPublication . Álvarez Rubio, Micaela; Agostini, Isadora; Silva, Sofia; Dallemole-Giaretta, Rosangela; Sulyok, Michael; Sampaio, Ana; Rodrigues, PaulaGnomoniopsis smithogilvyi (Gs) is a relevant pathogen of chestnut since it provokes significant losses worldwide. The aim of this study was to screen the effect of a new biocontrol agent (BCA) against Gs isolated from chestnut (CIMO-BCA1) on the mould’s growth as well as on the production of secondary metabolites. The chemical fungicide Horizon® (tebuconazole; HOR) and the commercial biofungicide Serenade® ASO (Bacillus amyloliquefaciens QST 713; ASO) were also tested. Three concentrations of each antifungal (HOR, ASO, and CIMO-BCA1) were faced with Gs in the growth study in a chestnut-based medium. The intermediate concentrations were used for the analyses of metabolites by LC-MS/MS. CIMO-BCA1 was also identified as B. amyloliquefaciens. All agents reduced the mould’s growth, and the CIMO-BCA1 treatment with an intermediate concentration was the most effective. The metabolite analysis revealed, for the first time, the production of two mycotoxins by Gs, including 3-nitropropionic acid and diplodiatoxin. Additionally, HOR stimulated the production of diplodiatoxin. In conclusion, Gs could present a health risk for consumers. B. amyloliquefaciens strains effectively decreased the mould’s growth, but they must be applied at effective concentrations or in combination with other strategies to completely reduce the hazard.