Percorrer por autor "Costamilan, Beatriz Fochesatto"
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- Application of peptides and endophytes for anthracnose control in olive treesPublication . Costamilan, Beatriz Fochesatto; Baptista, Paula; Silva, Sofia Teixeira da; Schaker, Patricia Dayane CarvalhoAnthracnose, caused by several fungal species of the Colletotrichum genus, is one of the most economically damaging diseases affecting olive cultivation worldwide. The induction of resistance in olive trees through resistance inducers may provide a sustainable approach to control this disease. This study aimed to evaluate the potential of the fungal endophyte Penicillium commune and the peptide systemin in conferring protection to olive trees against anthracnose and to elucidate the mechanisms underlying their protective effects. For this purpose, Arbequina olive plants were inoculated with P. commune, systemin, a combination of both, or sterile double distilled water (control). After a few days, plants from the different treatments were further inoculated with Colletotrichum nymphaeae. Up to 24 hours after inoculation with the pathogen, various biochemical parameters related to antioxidant defense were analyzed in the leaves. The results showed that treatment with P. commune, systemin, and their combination significantly reduced the incidence of anthracnose up to 2.8-fold compared to plants inoculated with the pathogen. This effect was related to the activation of antioxidant defense in plants, which was most pronounced in plants treated with P. commune + systemin. In this treatment, the levels of hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and catalase (CAT) were significantly higher than in the other treatments, including in plants inoculated solely with the pathogen. When applied alone, both P. commune and systemin also activated defense mechanisms, but to a lesser extent. P. commune rapidly increases H₂O₂ levels, SOD and CAT activity, limiting oxidative damage and promoting pathogen detection. Systemin, initially reduces H₂O₂ levels to prevent early stress, then increases it later to strengthen defenses. Overall, the results demonstrate that both P. commune and systemin can be explored as resistance inducers against olive anthracnose, with a superior effect observed when used in combination, suggesting a synergistic effect.