Browsing by Author "Chambel, Maria Regina"
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- Genetic variation of cork oak a tool for improving regeneration of cork oak woodlandsPublication . Almeida, Maria Helena; Aranda, Ismael; Chambel, Maria Regina; Silva, F. Costa e; Dettori, Sandro; Faria, Carla Maria Gomes Marques; Filigheddu, Maria Rosaria; Fernández, Elena; Khaldi, Abedelhamid; Patrício, Maria Sameiro; Perez, Felipe; Ramirez-Valiente, José Alberto; Rodrigues, Ana; Sampaio, Teresa; Varela, CarolinaThe European Academies' Science Advisory Council (2017) reports that the Mediterranean forest is already being affected by climate change (IPCC, 2014) and cork oak woodlands are particularly vulnerable to high-end climate scenarios that go above the Paris Agreement 2° C increase in temperature. Since longer, more frequent, and more intense drought periods are expected, stress caused by the expansion of arid and semi-arid climate will affect the species distribution. Consequently, not only established stands may be prone to tree mortality, but also the current reforestation effort may be jeopardized by low survival rates attributed to the use of unsuitable genetic material. It is expected that, through genetic adaptation and/or phenotypic plasticity, cork oak populations may have developed significant differences in fitness and the traits related to it. In this context, provenance and progeny trials are the best resource of material to assess the variability between and within populations from seed sources sampled in a wide range of locations (stands) covering the geographical distribution of the species. Profiting from the multi-locality provenance and progeny trials belonging to a Network, established in 1998, in the initiative frame of FAIR I CT 0202 for the evaluation of genetic resources of cork oak for appropriate use in breeding and gene conservation strategies”, where 35 cork oak populations covering all the natural distribution area are represented. The provenance trials that where set up in different countries are entering now the age of first debarking and this should allow to have first data about the influence of genetics on production by different site qualities. INCREDIBLE project should document this knowledge
- Quercus suber geographic variation: preliminary results of the Iberian Península provenance trialsPublication . Almeida, Maria Helena; Aranda, Ismael; Chambel, Maria Regina; Fachada, Ivone; Gil, Luís; Lourenço, Maria João; Monteiro, Maria do Loreto; Nunes, Ana Margarida; Patrício, Maria Sameiro; Pereira, João Santos; Ramirez-Valiente, José Alberto; Rocha, Sara; Sampaio, Teresa; Varela, Maria CarolinaCork oak (Quercus suber L.) has a great social and ecological importance in the Iberian Peninsula. Yet, a large proportion of cork oak stands is old and natural regeneration is often problematic. During the last decade large areas were reforested with this species in the context of the Common Agriculture Policy (CAP) both in Portugal and Spain. Survival rates were often low due to inappropriate nursery and installation techniques, as well as to the use of unsuitable genetic material. In fact, the cork oak adaptability to environmental conditions is poorly understood; moreover climate change scenarios foreseen enhanced water deficits in the Mediterranean region. In order to allocate the most adequate seed sources to each set of climatic conditions in future afforestation activities and considering that an important source of variation in the characteristics related with adaptability may be at the provenance level, we evaluated inter-provenance variability and phenotypic plasticity for growth, survival, morphological structure and drought tolerance five years after plantation, in four test sites located across the Iberian Peninsula and covering a wide range of ecological conditions. Such trials are part of a multi-locality provenance test belonging to a Network that was bring up by Concerted action. European network for the evaluation of genetic resources of cork oak for appropriate use in breeding and gene conservation strategies. where 35 cork oak populations covering all the natural distribution area are represented.