Browsing by Author "Carvalho, Carlos Alfredo Lopes de"
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- Antioxidant, photoprotective and inhibitory activity of tyrosinase in extracts of Dalbergia ecastaphyllumPublication . Morais, Daniel Vieira; Costa, Maria Angélica Carvalho; Bárbara, Marivalda; Silva, Fabiane de Lima; Moreira, Manuela M.; Delerue-Matos, Cristina; Dias, L.G.; Estevinho, Leticia M.; Carvalho, Carlos Alfredo Lopes deDalbergia ecastaphyllum is a native Brazil plant with importance for beekeeping, and widely used in folk medicine. For the first time, the extracts of this plant were assessed for the presence of hydrophilic and lipophilic antioxidants, as well as inhibition of tyrosinase, free radicals scavenging and sunscreen protection. The antioxidant activity was evaluated by free radical scavenging (DPPH) andβ-carotene bleaching assay. The tyrosinase inhibitory activity was evaluated and calculated the EC50. The photoprotective activity was measured using different concentrations of D. ecastaphyllum extracts. The Sun Protection Factor (SPF) of the samples was higher than 6, and the sample from Ilhe ´us showed the most pronounced photoprotective effect. Sample from Canavieiras presented the highest antioxidant activity by free radical scavenging DPPH andβ-carotene bleaching method, with 92.41% and 48.34%, respectively. All samples inhibited the tyrosinase, especially the sample from Prado that was most effective (124.62μg.mL-1). Significant negative correlation was found between flavonoid contents and inhibition of tyrosinase. The overall results provide relevant information about the Dalbergia ecastaphyllum species, indicating as potential material to cosmetic and pharmaceutical industry.
- Antioxidants activity and physicochemical properties of honey from social bees of the Brazilian semiarid regionPublication . Silva, Irana Paim; Caldas, Maiara Janine Machado; Machado, Cerilene Santiago; Nascimento, Andreia Santos do; Lordêlo, Maurício Santana; Bárbara, Marivalda; Evangelista-Barreto, Norma Suely; Estevinho, Leticia M.; Carvalho, Carlos Alfredo Lopes de; Silva I.P.This study compared the nutraceutical potential of Apis mellifera and Melipona quadrifasciata anthidioides honeys from the semiarid region of Bahia, Brazil, using microbiological, melissopalynological, and physicochemical techniques. Total phenols and flavonoids and the antioxidant activity were also determined. All samples had good microbiological quality and safety with an absence of coliforms, Escherichia coli, Salmonella spp., Staphylococcus coagulase positive and Clostridium sulphite reducing spores. Were identified 41 pollen types belonging to 23 botanical families. Myrtaceae, Anacardiaceae, and Sapindaceae were the predominant pollen types in A. mellifera honey, while honey Malvaceae was the most representative in the M. q. anthidioides. Regarding the physicochemical parameters evaluated, 75% complied with the standards established by the Brazilian and European quality legislation. The honey samples of A. mellifera had higher values of phenolic compounds and flavonoids (260.0 to 341.51 mgGAE.kg−1 and from 114.44 to 216.29 mgQE.kg−1, respectively). The samples from M. q. anthidioides presented higher antioxidant activity. The honeys of A. mellifera and M. q. anthidioides from the semiarid regions presented distinct botanical compositions, suggesting that both species use different plant sources, which possibly influenced the parameters related to honey quality as well as the content of phenolic compounds.
- Botanical origin, microbiological quality and physicochemical composition of the Melipona scutellaris pot-pollen (“samburá”) from Bahia (Brazil) RegionPublication . Oliveira, Daiane de Jesus; Santos, Daiane Rodrigues dos; Andrade, Brunelle Ramos; Nascimento, Andreia Santos do; Silva, Macela Oliveira da; Mercês, Carize da Cruz; Lucas, Cátia Ionara Santos; Silva, Samira Maria Peixoto Cavalcante; Carvalho, Paula Dib de; Silva, Fabiane de Lima; Estevinho, Leticia M.; Carvalho, Carlos Alfredo Lopes deMelipona scutellaris Latreille, 1811 is of economic importance for local beekeepers, besides its relevance in the pollination of native plant species of the Brazilian Atlantic forest. Currently, data on the use of floral resources by Meliponini colonies are scarce, particularly in urban environments. We evaluated the botanical origin, the microbiological and physicochemical characteristics of pollen stored by M. scutellaris in colonies in an urban environment. The samples (n = 44) were obtained from the metropolitan region of Salvador, Bahia, Brazil, a region of intense urban and industrial activities. We identified 52 pollen types belonging to 21 botanical families. The botanical families Fabaceae, Myrtaceae, and Anacardiaceae represented most pollen types. Aerobic psychrotrophic bacteria, Bacillus spp., molds and yeasts, fecal coliforms, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, sulfite-reducing Clostridium, and Salmonella spp. were not found in the samples. We identified and quantified fatty acids with carbon numbers varying from C4 to C20. For the physicochemical parameters, the following variations were verified: moisture (47.3% to 55.70%), ash (3.45% to 5.90%), protein (10.19 to 24.02%), pH (3.28 to 3.99), acidity (237.20 to 557.10 meq/kg), lipids (2.43 to 7.94%), carbohydrates (10.85 to 28.89%) and total energy value (170.60 to 216.99 kcal/100g). Pollen stored (“samburá”) by bees is a complete food and a source of nutrients with therapeutic potential. Pollen stored by M. scutellaris consists of a heterofloral pollen with physicochemical and microbiological qualities, considered safe for human consumption. Moreover, it contains linoleic and linolenic essential fatty acids making it a potential nutraceutical product.
- Characterization of Lavandula spp. Honey Using Multivariate TechniquesPublication . Estevinho, Leticia M.; Chambó, Emerson Dechechi; Pereira, Ana Paula; Carvalho, Carlos Alfredo Lopes de; Toledo, Vagner de Alencar Arnaut deTraditionally, melissopalynological and physicochemical analyses have been the most used to determine the botanical origin of honey. However, when performed individually, these analyses may provide less unambiguous results, making it difficult to discriminate between mono and multifloral honeys. In this context, with the aim of better characterizing this beehive product, a selection of 112 Lavandula spp. monofloral honey samples from several regions were evaluated by association of multivariate statistical techniques with physicochemical, melissopalynological and phenolic compounds analysis. All honey samples fulfilled the quality standards recommended by international legislation, except regarding sucrose content and diastase activity. The content of sucrose and the percentage of Lavandula spp. pollen have a strong positive association. In fact, it was found that higher amounts of sucrose in honey are related with highest percentage of pollen of Lavandula spp.. The samples were very similar for most of the physicochemical parameters, except for proline, flavonoids and phenols (bioactive factors). Concerning the pollen spectrum, the variation of Lavandula spp. pollen percentage in honey had little contribution to the formation of samples groups. The formation of two groups regarding the physicochemical parameters suggests that the presence of other pollen types in small percentages influences the factor termed as "bioactive", which has been linked to diverse beneficial health effects.
- Chemical composition and biological activities of mono- and heterofloral bee pollen of different geographical originsPublication . Araújo, Jucilene; Chambó, Emerson Dechechi; Costa, Maria Angélica Carvalho; Silva, Samira Maria Peixoto Cavalcante; Carvalho, Carlos Alfredo Lopes de; Estevinho, Leticia M.Recent research shows variations in pollen chemical constituents and, consequently, in their therapeutic properties. Mono and multifloral bee pollen extracts were investigated for antioxidant and enzyme inhibitory activity properties, phenolic compounds and fatty acid composition. Generally, Eucalyptus spp. and multifloral extracts exhibited potent inhibitory activity against -amylase, acetylcholinesterase, tyrosinase, lipoxygenase, lipase and hyaluronidase. On the other hand, Miconia spp. demonstrated higher antihemolytic activity. Cocos nucifera and Miconia spp. extracts exhibited important antioxidant properties in the different assays (ABTS, DPPH, -carotene/linoleic acid and reducing power). Moreover, these extracts had greater amounts of total phenols and flavonoids in comparison to others. The increase in antioxidant activity (decrease in EC50 values) was accompanied by an increase in the amount of total phenols in the extracts. The pollen extracts contained linoleic acid and -linolenic acid as major fatty acids, followed by palmitic acid, and oleic acid. In this study, differences were observed in both chemical constituents and biological activities of the samples related to the geographical and botanical origin of bee pollen.
- Dalbergia ecastaphyllum leaf extracts: in vitro inhibitory against enzymes related to metabolic syndrome, inflammation and neurodegenerative diseasesPublication . Morais, Daniel Vieira; Moreira, Manuela M.; Silva, Fabiane de Lima; Costa, Maria Angélica Carvalho; Delerue-Matos, Cristina; Carvalho, Carlos Alfredo Lopes de; Estevinho, Leticia M.For the first time, the anti-hemolytic activity and the enzyme inhibitory activities of Dalbergia ecastaphyllum leaves extracts were tested against α-amylase, α-glucosidase, lipase, acetylcholinesterase, butyrylcholinesterase, tyrosinase and hyaluronidase. The phenolic profile of the obtained extracts was also investigated by high-performance liquid chromatography with photodiode array detection (HPLC-PAD). The extracts showed inhibitory activity against all enzymes evaluated, with the highest inhibitory activity reported for the enzyme hyaluronidase (28.28 ± 2.43 to 72.19 ± 1.40 μg mL-1). The obtained extracts also demonstrate anti-hemolytic activity (52.22 ± 1.62 to 71.17 ± 1.82%). Among the phenolic compounds identified, protocatechuic, vanillic and β-resorcylic acids were the most abundant (1.13 ± 0.06 to 2.53 ± 0.06, 0.90 ± 0.06 to 2.19 ± 0.06 and 1.03 ± 1.62 to 22.11 ± 1.62 mg L-1, respectively). In the statistical analysis, a significant correlation was found between the flavonoids content and all enzymes inhibitory activities. The present study showed that D. ecastaphyllum leaves extracts may have the potential to be used in the therapeutic treatment of several diseases such as Alzheimer, Parkinson, type 2 diabetes mellitus, hyperglycemia, and pigmentation, as well as those associated with oxidative stress.
- Detection of biogenic amines in mead of social beePublication . Silva, Irana Paim; Dias, L.G.; Silva, Macela Oliveira da; Machado, Cerilene Santiago; Paula, Vanessa B.; Evangelista-Barreto, Norma Suely; Carvalho, Carlos Alfredo Lopes de; Estevinho, Leticia M.Mead is an alcoholic beverage, resulting from the fermentation of honey and water, although it is an old drink, some fermentation products are still unknown. Biogenic amines have driven research on food and beverages due to their toxicity and capacity to cause damage to the human health. This study aimed to evaluate the presence of biogenic amines in mead from honey of two species of social bees, using different fining agents (bentonite, banana peel flour, and passion fruit peel flour) and storage in oak barrel for 120 days. We observed the presence of three biogenic amines for each type of mead. Putrescine was reported only in samples of mead of Apis mellifera. Tryptamine and histamine were not detected, while tyramine was observed in the mead samples of honey from Melipona quadrifasciata anthidioides. Samples clarified with fruit peels increased the number of amines. In the analysis of the histamine, used as standard, obtained limits of detection and quantification of 2.47 mg/L and of 7.48 mg/L, respectively. In this study, the amines observed remained below the limit of detection, and did not pose a risk to consumers. The finings used demonstrated a profile similar to the control mead, and its use was satisfactory.
- Developments in the fermentation process and quality improvement strategies for mead productionPublication . Iglesias, Antonio; Pascoal, Ananias; Choupina, Altino; Carvalho, Carlos Alfredo Lopes de; Feás, Xesús; Estevinho, Leticia M.Mead is a traditional alcoholic drink derived from the fermentation of diluted honey in the presence of appropriate yeast. Its modern production, in general terms, involves the addition of nutrients to initial diluted honey, pasteurization, yeast inoculation, fermentation and removal of impurities. Undesirable events along the process have been reported; among them, we highlight: delayed or arrested fermentations, modified and unpleasant sensory and quality parameters of the final product. These problems have been linked to the inability of yeasts to accomplish their role in extreme growth conditions. Emphasis has also been placed on the long fermentation times required, ranging from weeks to months, particularly when traditional procedures are applied and when the honey concentration is low. A series of alterations to the must and technological changes have been proposed in order to optimize the mead production process. In this context, this review examines the evidence that aims to improve meads’ quality and make the production process easier and more efficient, by clarifying the source of unexpected events, describing the implementation of different fermentative microorganisms and using new methodologies.
- Diversidade da microbiota de fungos da própolis in naturaPublication . Costa, Rodrigo Arthur Fonseca; Bispo, Aline Simões da Rocha; Choupina, Altino; Evangelista-Barreto, Norma Suely; Carvalho, Carlos Alfredo Lopes de; Estevinho, Leticia M.; Sodré, Geni da SilvaO presente estudo teve por objetivo realizar a identificação dos fungos encontrados na própolis produzido por Apis mellifera L. da Baía do Iguape, Brasil. Para tanto, foram utilizadas técnicas morfológicas, bioquímicas e moleculares, sendo averiguado o perfil de restrição gerado por espaçador interno transcrito (ITS1 e ITS4). O tamanho dos produtos de PCR foi analisado quanto ao perfil de restrição obtidos com endonuclease (HhaI, HaeIII e HinfI) por espécie. Foram identificadas dezesseis espécies de fungos filamentosos: Flavodon flavus, Aspergillus nomius, Aspergillus versicolor, Cladosporium sp., Coniothyrium sidae, Didymella sp., Paecilomyces variotii, Cladosporium cladosporioides, Penicillium citrinum, Fusarium incarnatum, Penicillium chermesinum, Phoma sp., Stagonosporopsis valerianellae, Phoma medicaginis, Paraphoma fimeti e Stagonosporopsis cucurbitacearum; e seis espécies de leveduras: Candida tropicalis, Candida guiliermondii, Candida famata, Kodomala ohmeri, Trichosporon asahiu e Cryptococcus laurentii. Stagonosporopsis cucurbitacearum e leveduras pertencentes ao gênero Candida foram os microrganismos de maior ocorrência nas amostras da própolis provenientes da Baía do Iguape, Brasil.
- Diversidade genética de Apis mellifera iberiensis (Hymenoptera: Apidae) na região norte de PortugalPublication . Souza, Larissa; Pinto, M. Alice; Moura, Inês; Baptista, Paula; Carvalho, Carlos Alfredo Lopes deA abelha melífera, Apis mellifera L., distribui-se naturalmente na África, Médio Oriente e Europa. A adaptação à diversidade de condições ecológicas climáticas propiciou a evolução de mais de 24 subespécies. Estudos moleculares e morfológicos possibilitou agrupá-las em 4 linhagens evolutivas (A, M, C, O). As linhagens A e O incluem as subespécies que ocorrem em África e no Médio Oriente, respectivamente, as linhagens C e M incluem as subespécies europeias. Na Península Ibérica ocorre as linhagens A e M. Estas abelhas são atualmente consideradas a ser uma subespécie particular, Apis mellifera iberiensis , originada após uma hibridação natural entre linhagens A e M. Neste estudo pretendeu-se analisar a diversidade genética da abelha Apis mellifera iberiensis (Hymenoptera: Apidae) na região Norte de Portugal baseando-se na análise do DNA Mitocondrial. O trabalho foi desenvolvido em apiários da região Norte de Portugal, durante o período de fevereiro a julho de 2010. Foram coletadas abelhas de 67 apiários dos distritos de Bragança, Porto, Viana do Castelo e Vila Real. A análise do DNA mitocondrial foi feita através da amplificação por PCR da região do DNA mitocondrial situada entre o RNA de transferência da leucina e a subunidade II da citocromo oxidase, seguida de digestão com a enzima de restrição Dra I. O comprimento do produto PCR foi determinado em gel de agarose a 1,0%. O restante produto PCR foi digerido com a enzima Dra I e o comprimento dos fragmentos foi determinado em gel de agarose Wide Range/Standard 3:1 a 3,5%. Os dados foram analisados através de métodos standard utilizando-se o software GenAlEx6.1. Os resultados mostraram que existe uma grande variabilidade genética na região Norte de Portugal. A maioria das colônias, é predominantemente de origem Africana (linhagem A). Porém, encontraram-se haplótipos da linhagem M, sendo o haplótipo A16 o mais frequente. No distrito de Bragança encontrou-se a maior diversidade genética.
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