Browsing by Author "Boaventura, Rui"
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- Accumulation and release of Pb(II) in aqueous solution by aquatic mosses (Fontinalis antipyretica)Publication . Martins, Ramiro; Freitas, Olga; Vilar, Vítor J.P.; Boaventura, RuiThe uptake and release of Pb(II) by Fontinalis antipyretica was studied in laboratory, by exposing the plants to different lead concentrations for 144 h and 335 h contamination and decontamination periods, respectively. A first order kinetic model was fitted to the experimental data to determine the uptake and release constants, k1 and k2, and other relevant parameters. The metal accumulation capacity, at equilibrium, follows the order: Pb(II) > Zn(II) > Cd(II) > Cr(VI). A Bioconcentration Factor (BCF) and a Biological Elimination Factor (BEF) were also determined; for 0.9–2.2 mg Pb l–1, BCF decreases from about 30748 to 21296.
- Anaerobic digestion performance in the energy recovery of kiwi residuesPublication . Paulista, Larissa Oliveira; Boaventura, Rui; Martins, RamiroWorld production and trade of fruits generate losses in the harvest, post-harvest, handling, distribution and consumption phases, corresponding to 6.8% of total production. These residues present high potential as a substrate for the anaerobic digestion process and biogas generation. Thus, the energy valuation of the agro-industrial residues of kiwifruit production was evaluated by anaerobic digestion, aiming at optimizing the biogas production and its quality. Ten assays were carried out in a batch reactor (500 mL) under mesophilic conditions and varying a number of operational factors: different substrate/inoculum ratios; four distinct values for C: N ratio; inoculum from different digesters; and inoculum collected at different times of the year. The following parameters were used to control and monitor the process: pH, alkalinity, volatile fatty acids (VFA), volatile solids (VS) and chemical oxygen demand (COD). Among the tests performed, the best result obtained for the biogas production corresponded to the use of 2 g of substrate and 98 mL of inoculum of the anaerobic digester of the Wastewater Treatment Plant (WWTP) of Bragança, with addition of 150 mg of bicarbonate leading to a production of 1628 L biogas.kg-1 VS (57% methane). In relation to the biogas quality, the best result was obtained with 20 g of substrate and 380 mL of inoculum from the anaerobic digester sludge of Ave WWTP (plus 600 mg of sodium bicarbonate), presenting a value of 85% of CH4, with a production of 464 L biogas.kg-1 VS.
- Anaerobic digestion performance in the energy recovery of kiwi residuesPublication . Martins, Ramiro; Boaventura, Rui; Paulista, Larissa OliveiraWorld production and trade of fruits generate losses in the harvest, post-harvest, handling, distribution and consumption phases, corresponding to 6.8% of total production. These residues present high potential as a substrate for the anaerobic digestion process and biogas generation. Thus, the energy valuation of the agro-industrial residues of kiwi production was evaluated by anaerobic digestion, aiming at optimizing the biogas production and its quality. Ten assays were carried out in a batch reactor (500 mL) under mesophilic conditions and varying a number of operational factors: different substrate/inoculum ratios; four distinct values for C: N ratio; inoculum from different digesters; and inoculum collected at different times of the year. The following parameters were used to control and monitor the process: pH, alkalinity, volatile fatty acids (VFA), volatile solids (VS) and chemical oxygen demand (COD). Among the tests performed, the best result obtained for the biogas production corresponded to the use of 2 g of substrate and 98 mL of inoculum of the anaerobic digester of the Wastewater Treatment Plant (WWTP) of Bragança, with addition of 150 mg of bicarbonate leading to a production of 1628 L biogas.kg-1 VS (57% methane). In relation to the biogas quality, the best result was obtained with 20 g of substrate and 380 mL of inoculum from the anaerobic digester sludge of WWTP of Ave (with addition 600 mg of sodium bicarbonate), presenting a value of 85% of CH4, with a production of 464 L biogas.kg-1 VS.
- Aplicabilidade do musgo aquático fontinalis antipyretica na bioacumulaçãode iões metálicos (Cd2+)Publication . Martins, Ramiro; Vilar, Vítor J.P.; Boaventura, RuiCom este estudo pretende-se compreender quantitativa e qualitativamente a acumulação e a libertação de iões cádmio em solução aquosa, por uma briófita aquática - Fontinalis antipyretica – na perspectiva duma aplicação, quer na biomonitorização de cursos de água, quer na descontaminação de efluentes industriais. A acumulação de cádmio e posterior eliminação pelo musgo foi estudada em laboratório expondo as plantas a concentrações de cádmio na gama 0,5 – 2,5 mg l-1, durante um período de contaminação de 144 h, e depois a água isenta de metal durante um período de descontaminação de 192 h. Foi ajustado um modelo cinético de transferência de massa de primeira ordem aos dados experimentais.
- Application of aquatic mosses to decontaminate industrial effluentsPublication . Martins, Ramiro; Boaventura, RuiAs biosorption is a low cost and effective method for treating metal-bearing wastewaters, understanding the process kinetics is relevant for design purposes. In the present study, the performance of the aquatic moss Fontinalis antipyretica for removing cadmium and lead from simulated wastewaters has been evaluated. Five kinetic models (first-order, pseudo-first-order, Elovich, Ritchie second-order and pseudo- second-order) were fitted to the experimental data and compared. Previously, the effect of parameters such as the initial solution pH, contact time, and initial metal ion concentration on biosorption was investigated using a sorbent dose of 2 g l-1. The initial pH of the solution was found to have an optimum value in the range of 4.0-6.0. The equilibrium sorption capacity of cadmium and lead by Fontinalis antipyretica increased with the initial metal concentration. For an initial metal concentration of 10 mg l-1, the uptake capacity of the moss, at equilibrium, is the same for both metals (4.8 mg g-1). Nevertheless, when the initial concentration increases up to 100 mg l-1, the uptake of Pb(II) is higher than 78%. The pseudo-second order biosorption kinetics provided the better correlation with the experimental data .
- Assessing the influence of oil and grease and salt content on fish canning wastewater biodegradation through respirometric testsPublication . Cristovão, Raquel; Pinto, Vera; Martins, Ramiro; Loureiro, José M.; Boaventura, RuiFish canning industry wastewaters have high organic matter, oil and grease and salt (NaCl) content, which make difficult a proper treatment before discharge. In this work, their treatment was evaluated via activated sludge aerobic biological process through respirometric tests. Inhibition was found to be significant for NaCl concentr ations higher than 17.5 g/L. On the other hand, the oil and grease content affects the wastewater biodegradability in the same way that the organic matter content expressed as chemical oxygen demand: the lower oil and grease and organic matter concentrations, the lower the percentage of wastewater biodegradability. As a final conclusion, the aerobic biological treatment process by activated sludge proved to be appropriate to treat fish canning industrial wastewaters, leading to high organic matter degradation rates (average value of 4900 mg O2 /g COD .d). Additionally, the experimental results achieved with the respirometric tests may be useful for the design of activated sludge plants to treat this type of wastewaters.
- Bioacumulação de poluentes metálicos (CD2+) por briófitas aquáticas fontinalis antipyreticaPublication . Martins, Ramiro; Boaventura, RuiO objectivo deste trabalho é compreender em termos quantitativos e qualitativos a acumulação e libertação de Cd(II) em solução aquosa, por uma briófita aquática - Fontinalis antipyretica – na perspectiva duma aplicação quer na biomonitorização de cursos de água, quer na descontaminação de efluentes industriais. A acumulação de cádmio e posterior eliminação pelo musgo foi estudada em laboratório expondo as plantas a diferentes concentrações de cádmio na gama, 0,5 – 2,5 mg l-1, durante um período de contaminação de 144 h, e então expostas a água isenta de metal durante um período de descontaminação de 192 h. Um modelo cinético de transferência de massa de primeira ordem foi ajustado aos dados experimentais.
- Bioacumulação de poluentes metálicos (CD2+) por briófitas aquáticas fontinalis antipyreticaPublication . Martins, Ramiro; Boaventura, RuiO objectivo deste trabalho é compreender em termos quantitativos e qualitativos a acumulação e libertação de Cd(II) em solução aquosa, por uma briófita aquática - Fontinalis antipyretica – na perspectiva duma aplicação, quer na biomonitorização de cursos de água, quer na descontaminação de efluentes industriais. A acumulação de cádmio e posterior eliminação pelo musgo foi estudada em laboratório expondo as plantas a diferentes concentrações de cádmio na gama, 0,5 – 2,5 mg l-1, durante um período de contaminação de 144 h, e depois a água isenta de metal durante um período de descontaminação de 192 h. Foi ajustado um modelo cinético de transferência de massa de primeira ordem aos dados experimentais.
- Biosorption of lead from simulated industrial wastewaters by aquatic bryophytesPublication . Martins, Ramiro; Boaventura, RuiAquatic bryophytes are frequently used as biomonitors for trace metals in aquatic ecosystems. Nevertheless, their special characteristics also allow using them as biosorbents to clean industrial wastewaters. As biosorption is a low cost and effective method for treating metal-bearing wastewaters, understanding the kinetics process is relevant for design purposes. In this study, the performance of the aquatic bryophyte Fontinalis antipyretica for removing lead from simulated wastewaters has been evaluated. Three kinetic models (pseudo-first order, pseudo-second order and Elovich) were fitted to the experimental data and compared using a Test-F. Previously, the effect of parameters such as the initial solution pH, contact time and initial metal ion concentration, on biosorption was investigated. The initial pH of the solution was found to have an optimum value is in the range 4.0-6.0. The equilibrium sorption capacity of lead by Fontinalis antipyretica increased with the initial metal concentration. For an initial metal concentration of 10 mg L-1, the uptake capacity of the moss, at equilibrium, is 4.8 mg g-1. Nevertheless, when the initial concentration increases up to 100 mg L-1, the uptake of lead is 10 times higher. The pseudo-second order biosorption kinetics provided the better correlation with the experimental data . The applicability of the Langmuir and Freundlich adsorption isotherms for the present system was tested. The maximum sorption capacity of mosses was 68 mg g-1.
- Biossorção de cádmio por musgos aquáticos: efeito da temperaturaPublication . Martins, Ramiro; Boaventura, RuiA remoção de iões metálicos em solução aquosa por biossorção desempenha um papel fundamental no controlo da poluição aquática. Metais pesados como o Cd(II), quando presentes em águas residuais industriais, são perigosos para o ecossistema aquático e acarretam riscos para a saúde humana.