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Extraction of phenolic compounds from Juglans regia L. leaves using aqueous solutions of eutectic solvents

2025Journal article Open access
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dc.contributor.authorCordova, Isabella Weber
dc.contributor.authorOludemi, Taofiq
dc.contributor.authorVieira, Vanessa
dc.contributor.authorPires, Tânia C.S.P.
dc.contributor.authorPinho, Simão
dc.contributor.authorBarros, Lillian
dc.contributor.authorFerreira, Olga
dc.date.accessioned2024-10-16T08:28:00Z
dc.date.available2024-10-16T08:28:00Z
dc.date.issued2025
dc.description.abstractThe leaves of Juglans regia L. (walnut tree) are a rich source of bioactive phenolic compounds, particularly flavonoids and phenolic acids, which can be used in cosmetic applications due to their antioxidant properties. Conventionally, these compounds are extracted using volatile organic solvents. This study focuses on a more sustainable approach by designing a heat-assisted extraction process using aqueous solutions of eutectic solvents (ES) composed of cosmetic-compatible ingredients aiming for direct incorporation into cream formulations. In this context, aqueous solutions of the ES betaine + urea and betaine + 1,3-propanediol (PPD) were selected, considering their potential as cosmetic ingredients. The screening process targeted the maximum extraction yield of phenolic compounds (phenolic acids and flavonoids), quantified by HPLC-DAD. The selected variables were water content (25, 50 and 75 % in weight) and the molar proportion of the ES components. For comparison purposes, pure water was used as a reference solvent. The total phenolic content ranged between 5.5 and 14.6 mg/g of dry plant. Betaine:urea (2:1), betaine:PPD (1:2), betaine, and PPD, all with 50 % water mass percentage, were among those resulting in higher extraction yields and were further selected for bioactivity analysis. The system containing betaine presented the best antioxidant capacity, analysed through ferric reducing power, DPPH radical scavenging, and TBARS assays. The extracts obtained with PPD presented the highest antimicrobial activity against gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria, and yeast. The results show the potential of using binary aqueous mixtures of betaine, or 1,3-propanediol, which are simple ingredients in cosmetics formulations, to efficiently extract phenolic compounds from a natural matrix. Moreover, the bioactivity results, particularly in the antioxidant dimension, support using J. regia leaves as a source of natural antioxidants.pt_PT
dc.description.sponsorshipThe authors are grateful to the Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT, Portugal) for financial support through national funds FCT/MCTES (PIDDAC) to CIMO (UIDB/00690/2020, DOI: 10.54499/ UIDB/00690/2020 and UIDP/00690/2020, DOI: 10.54499/UIDP/ 00690/2020), SusTEC (LA/P/0007/2020, DOI: 10.54499/LA/P/0007/ 2020). This work was also partly developed within the scope of the project CICECO-Aveiro Institute of Materials, UIDB/50011/2020 (DOI 10.54499/UIDB/50011/2020), UIDP/50011/2020 (DOI 10.54499/ UIDP/50011/2020) & LA/P/0006/2020 (DOI 10.54499/LA/P/0006/ 2020), financed by national funds through the FCT/MCTES (PIDDAC). L. Barros is grateful to FCT P.I. for her contract through the institutional scientific employment program. This work is also supported by MICINN for the Juan de la Cierva Formación contract for T. Oludemi (FJC2019- 042549-I). Isabella W. Cordova is grateful to FCT for her Ph.D. grant (2022.12407.BD).pt_PT
dc.description.versioninfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersionpt_PT
dc.identifier.citationCordova, Isabella W.; Oludemi, Taofiq; Vieira, Vanessa; Pires, Tânia C.S.P.; Pinho, Simão P.; Barros, Lillian; Ferreira, Olga (2025). Extraction of phenolic compounds from Juglans regia L. leaves using aqueous solutions of eutectic solvents. Separation and Purification Technology. ISSN 1383-5866. 354, p, 1-8pt_PT
dc.identifier.doi10.1016/j.seppur.2024.129214pt_PT
dc.identifier.issn1383-5866
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/10198/30419
dc.language.isoengpt_PT
dc.peerreviewedyespt_PT
dc.publisherElsevierpt_PT
dc.relationMountain Research Center
dc.relationMountain Research Center
dc.relationAssociate Laboratory for Sustainability and Tecnology in Mountain Regions
dc.relationCICECO-Aveiro Institute of Materials
dc.relationCICECO-Aveiro Institute of Materials
dc.relationCICECO – Aveiro Institute of Materials
dc.rights.urihttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/pt_PT
dc.subjectWalnut tree leavespt_PT
dc.subjectCosmeticspt_PT
dc.subjectAntioxidantpt_PT
dc.subjectPhotostabilitypt_PT
dc.subjectAntimicrobialpt_PT
dc.titleExtraction of phenolic compounds from Juglans regia L. leaves using aqueous solutions of eutectic solventspt_PT
dc.typejournal article
dspace.entity.typePublication
oaire.awardTitleMountain Research Center
oaire.awardTitleMountain Research Center
oaire.awardTitleAssociate Laboratory for Sustainability and Tecnology in Mountain Regions
oaire.awardTitleCICECO-Aveiro Institute of Materials
oaire.awardTitleCICECO-Aveiro Institute of Materials
oaire.awardTitleCICECO – Aveiro Institute of Materials
oaire.awardURIinfo:eu-repo/grantAgreement/FCT/6817 - DCRRNI ID/UIDB%2F00690%2F2020/PT
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oaire.awardURIinfo:eu-repo/grantAgreement/FCT//2022.12407.BD/PT
oaire.citation.endPage8pt_PT
oaire.citation.startPage1pt_PT
oaire.citation.titleSeparation and Purification Technologypt_PT
oaire.citation.volume354pt_PT
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