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Synthetic varroacides in honey bee colonies: A comprehensive monitoring program across the European Union

2026Artigo científico Acesso aberto
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datacite.subject.fosCiências Agrárias::Agricultura, Silvicultura e Pescas
datacite.subject.fosCiências Naturais::Ciências Biológicas
datacite.subject.fosCiências Naturais::Ciências da Terra e do Ambiente
datacite.subject.sdg02:Erradicar a Fome
datacite.subject.sdg12:Produção e Consumo Sustentáveis
datacite.subject.sdg15:Proteger a Vida Terrestre
datacite.subject.sdg04:Educação de Qualidade
dc.contributor.authorSteen, Jozef J.M. Van der
dc.contributor.authorBrodschneider, Robert
dc.contributor.authorBrusbardis, Valters
dc.contributor.authorBuddendor, Bas
dc.contributor.authorCarreck, Norman
dc.contributor.authorDanneels, Ellen
dc.contributor.authorGraaf, Dirk C. de
dc.contributor.authorGratzer, Kristina
dc.contributor.authorGray, Alison
dc.contributor.authorHatjina, Fani
dc.contributor.authorKasiotis, Konstantinos M.
dc.contributor.authorKilpinen, Ole
dc.contributor.authorMartínez, José Antonio
dc.contributor.authorMurcia-Morales, María
dc.contributor.authorMartinez-Bueno, Maria Jesus
dc.contributor.authorOller-Serrano, José Luis
dc.contributor.authorPietropaoli, Marco
dc.contributor.authorPinto, M. Alice
dc.contributor.authorQuaresma, Andreia
dc.contributor.authorRoessink, Ivo
dc.contributor.authorTzanetou, Evangelia
dc.contributor.authorVejsnæs, Flemming
dc.contributor.authorFernández-Alba, Amadeo R.
dc.date.accessioned2026-03-23T15:46:47Z
dc.date.available2026-03-23T15:46:47Z
dc.date.issued2026
dc.description.abstractManaging Varroa destructor in honey bee colonies remains a constant challenge for beekeepers, requiring a balance between maintaining mite levels low whilst minimizing the negative impacts of miticide treatments on bee health. Synthetic varroacides such as coumaphos, tau-fluvalinate, and amitraz are widely used due to their convenience, but they can have negative impacts on the colony and persist in hive materials, with residues detectable long after application. To investigate the presence and dynamics of these synthetic varroacides, the INSIGNIA-EU initiative conducted a large-scale monitoring program, covering 312 bee hive sites across the European Union. The study employed the APIStrip—a novel, non-invasive passive sampler based on TENAX® sorbent—which, when placed inside the hive, passively adsorbs chemical residues from the internal hive environment. This approach has demonstrated its effectiveness eliminating the need to sample bees, wax, honey, or pollen, while still providing representative contamination data from a single, standardized analytical matrix. This study reports results from APIStrip analyses deployed across all EU countries for residues of amitraz, tau-fluvalinate, and coumaphos, using a harmonized and validated analytical protocol. Additionally, thymol, regarded as an environmentally friendly alternative, was also included in the evaluation as a reference. Sampling was carried out over nine consecutive two-week periods from May to August 2023, ensuring synchronized data collection and enabling direct comparability of results across sites and time points. The study found these miticides to be pervasive across most EU regions, appearing in more than 85% of samples and greatly outnumbering detections of the natural alternative, thymol. In most cases, notable miticide residue concentrations persisted throughout the entire sampling period.eng
dc.identifier.citationSteen, Jozef J. M. Van der; Brodschneider, Robert; Brusbardis, Valters; Buddendor, Bas; Carreck, Norman; Danneels, Ellen; Graaf, Dirk C. de; Gratzer, Kristina; Gray, Alison; Hatjina, Fani; Kasiotis, Konstantinos M.; Kilpinen, Ole; Martínez, José Antonio; Murcia-Morales, María; Martinez-Bueno, Maria Jesus; Oller-Serrano, José Luis; Pietropaoli, Marco; Pinto, Maria Alice; Quaresma, Andreia; Roessink, Ivo; Tzanetou, Evangelia; Vejsnaes, Flemming; Fernández-Alba, Amadeo R. (2026). Synthetic varroacides in honey bee colonies: A comprehensive monitoring program across the European Union. Environmental Technology and Innovation. ISSN 2352-1864. 42, p. 1-11
dc.identifier.doi10.1016/j.eti.2026.104861
dc.identifier.issn2352-1864
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/10198/36229
dc.language.isoeng
dc.peerreviewedyes
dc.publisherElsevier
dc.relation.ispartofEnvironmental Technology & Innovation
dc.rights.urihttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/
dc.subjectMiticides
dc.subjectHoneybee colonies
dc.subjectMonitoring
dc.subjectAPIStrip
dc.subjectEU countries
dc.titleSynthetic varroacides in honey bee colonies: A comprehensive monitoring program across the European Unioneng
dc.typejournal article
dspace.entity.typePublication
oaire.citation.endPage11
oaire.citation.startPage1
oaire.citation.titleEnvironmental Technology and Innovation
oaire.citation.volume42
oaire.versionhttp://purl.org/coar/version/c_970fb48d4fbd8a85
person.familyNamePinto
person.familyNameQuaresma
person.givenNameM. Alice
person.givenNameAndreia
person.identifier.ciencia-idF814-A1D0-8318
person.identifier.ciencia-id4F1A-4E4A-3F23
person.identifier.orcid0000-0001-9663-8399
person.identifier.orcid0000-0002-8678-5800
person.identifier.scopus-author-id8085507800
person.identifier.scopus-author-id57119742600
relation.isAuthorOfPublication0667fe04-7078-483d-9198-56d167b19bc5
relation.isAuthorOfPublicationd417b0ac-c8ee-473a-a355-820b5b9a3f55
relation.isAuthorOfPublication.latestForDiscovery0667fe04-7078-483d-9198-56d167b19bc5

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