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A Combination of LED and Compost to Improve Spinacia oleracea L. Quality and Chemical Composition

2026Artigo científico Acesso aberto
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datacite.subject.fosCiências Agrárias::Biotecnologia Agrária e Alimentar
datacite.subject.sdg02:Erradicar a Fome
datacite.subject.sdg12:Produção e Consumo Sustentáveis
datacite.subject.sdg04:Educação de Qualidade
dc.contributor.authorHernández-Lara, Alicia
dc.contributor.authorAlmeida, Daiana
dc.contributor.authorSilveira, Tayse F. F. da
dc.contributor.authorNájera, Cinthia
dc.contributor.authorPereira, Carla
dc.contributor.authorFernandes, Ângela
dc.contributor.authorRos, Margarita
dc.contributor.authorPascual, José Antonio
dc.contributor.authorBarros, Lillian
dc.date.accessioned2026-03-18T13:51:47Z
dc.date.available2026-03-18T13:51:47Z
dc.date.issued2026
dc.description.abstractSpinach has a high content of nutrients, proteins, carbohydrates, and vitamins beneficial for human health, that are closely associated with the type of crop, the growing media, the temperature, and lights used for growing. Two types of light were used: white light (WL) and red light (RL), and also three different growing media: compost without additives (CB), compost with coffee additive (CC), and compost with rockrose additive (CR). Spinach grown under WL, regardless of the treatment, showed greater plant growth than that grown under RL_P. Furthermore, treatments WL_CC and WL_CR increased by 90% and 95%, respectively, compared to WL_P; similarly, treatments WL_CB, WL_CC, and WL_CR increased by 179%, 174%, and 205%, respectively, compared to the RL_P control. The protein content of spinach leaves from growing media WL_CB and WL_CC increased by 50 and 46% respectively compared to WL_P; similarly, growing media RL_CB and RL_CC increased by 82 and 57% respectively compared to RL_P. This contrasted with the carbohydrate content, which was higher in spinach grown under WL_P and RL_P. Spinach grown under WL_P and RL_P showed significantly more free sugars. On the other hand, spinach grown under WL had a higher concentration of organic acids than that grown under RL, regardless of the growing media used. The content of fatty acids, phenolic compounds, and antioxidant activities did not follow a clear pattern with respect to the type of light and growing media. Overall, compost-based substrates combined with white LED light enhanced spinach growth and nutritional quality through a synergistic effect. However, compost reduced phenolic compounds, while red LED light increased phenolic content and antioxidant activity, indicating contrasting effects on spinach quality.eng
dc.description.sponsorshipThe authors are grateful to the Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT, Portugal) for fi-nancial support from the FCT/MCTES (PIDDAC): CIMO, UID/00690/2025 (10.54499/UID/00690/2025) and UID/PRR/00690/2025 (10.54499/UID/PRR/00690/2025); and SusTEC, LA/P/0007/2020 (DOI: 10.54499/LA/P/0007/2020). The authors are also grateful to the national funding by FCT, through the institutional and individual scientific employment pro gramcontract with L. Barros (CEEC-INST, DOI: 10.54499/CEECINST/00107/2021/CP2793/CT0002) and A. Fernandes (2023.11031.TENURE.014), respectively; and C. Pereira. This work has been supported by the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness and with European Regional Development Funds (ERDF, “Una manera de hacer Europa”) in the framework of the project “Compoleaf” (Compost as biofertilizer, resistance inductor against plant pathogens and healthy property promoter under a crop intensive sustainable production). Project (AGL2017 84085-C3-1-R, C3-2-R and C3-3-R) and grant (PRE2018-085802).
dc.identifier.citationHernández-Lara, Alicia; Almeida, Daiana; Da Silveira, Tayse F. F.; Nájera, Cinthia; Fernandes, Ângela; Ros, Margarita; Pascual, José Antonio; Barros, Lillian (2026). A Combination of LED and Compost to Improve Spinacia oleracea L. Quality and Chemical Composition. Horticulturae. ISSN 2311-7524. 12:2, p. 1-18
dc.identifier.doi10.3390/horticulturae12020165
dc.identifier.issn2311-7524
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/10198/36125
dc.language.isoeng
dc.peerreviewedyes
dc.publisherMDPI
dc.relationMountain Research Center
dc.relationAssociate Laboratory for Sustainability and Tecnology in Mountain Regions
dc.relation.ispartofHorticulturae
dc.rights.urihttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/
dc.subjectAgro-industrial compost
dc.subjectSpinacia olerácea
dc.subjectLED lights
dc.subjectBiochemical composition
dc.titleA Combination of LED and Compost to Improve Spinacia oleracea L. Quality and Chemical Compositioneng
dc.typejournal article
dspace.entity.typePublication
oaire.awardNumberUID/00690/2025
oaire.awardNumberLA/P/0007/2020
oaire.awardTitleMountain Research Center
oaire.awardTitleAssociate Laboratory for Sustainability and Tecnology in Mountain Regions
oaire.awardURIhttp://hdl.handle.net/10198/35759
oaire.awardURIinfo:eu-repo/grantAgreement/FCT/6817 - DCRRNI ID/LA%2FP%2F0007%2F2020/PT
oaire.citation.endPage18
oaire.citation.issue2
oaire.citation.startPage1
oaire.citation.titleHorticulturae
oaire.citation.volume12
oaire.fundingStreamCIMO
oaire.fundingStream6817 - DCRRNI ID
oaire.versionhttp://purl.org/coar/version/c_970fb48d4fbd8a85
person.familyNameAlmeida
person.familyNameSilveira
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person.familyNameFernandes
person.familyNameBarros
person.givenNameDaiana
person.givenNameTayse F. F. da
person.givenNameCarla
person.givenNameÂngela
person.givenNameLillian
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person.identifier.ciencia-id2015-0434-AE7C
person.identifier.ciencia-id9616-35CB-D001
person.identifier.orcid0000-0002-6511-3626
person.identifier.orcid0000-0001-9010-8725
person.identifier.orcid0000-0002-0157-9873
person.identifier.orcid0000-0002-9050-5189
person.identifier.ridJ-3600-2013
person.identifier.scopus-author-id35236343600
project.funder.identifierhttp://doi.org/10.13039/501100001871
project.funder.identifierhttp://doi.org/10.13039/501100001871
project.funder.nameFundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia
project.funder.nameFundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia
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