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Comparison of DNA barcoding and metabarcoding approaches for the authentication of herbal infusions in the Portuguese market

2026Artigo científico Acesso aberto
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datacite.subject.fosCiências Agrárias::Biotecnologia Agrária e Alimentar
datacite.subject.sdg04:Educação de Qualidade
datacite.subject.sdg03:Saúde de Qualidade
dc.contributor.authorPinto, M. Alice
dc.contributor.authorSantos, Joana
dc.contributor.authorQuaresma, Andreia
dc.contributor.authorHonrado, Mónica
dc.contributor.authorRufino, José
dc.contributor.authorAmaral, Joana S.
dc.date.accessioned2026-01-30T16:10:22Z
dc.date.available2026-01-30T16:10:22Z
dc.date.issued2026
dc.description.abstractThe authentication of commercial herbal products such as herbal teas and infusions is essential to ensure consumer safety and product integrity. In this study, 100 commercial herbal infusions, including 94 single-species products and six polyherbal formulations, were analysed using DNA barcoding (matK and rbcL) and ITS2 metabarcoding. Moreover, the performance of two custom reference databases (NCBI and BOLD) was compared in ITS2 metabarcoding. DNA extraction was successful for 94 samples, while six single-species products failed to amplify any of the tested barcodes. Among the 88 remaining single-species samples, ITS2 showed the highest amplification success (100 %), outperforming the barcodes rbcL (94 %) and matK (84 %). Sanger sequencing confirmed the labelled species in 69.3 % of cases with rbcL and 48.9 % with matK. While 63 samples would be considered authentic solely based on barcoding (i.e., if either rbcL or matK matched the label), ITS2 metabarcoding revealed that many of these contained additional undeclared species, indicating that barcoding alone overestimated product authenticity. Of the 85 samples successfully analysed by ITS2 metabarcoding, only 27 (32 %) fully matched their label, while 58 (68 %) contained either additional undeclared species or complete substitutions. Several products contained undeclared species in significant proportions, indicating potential economic adulteration. Analysis of mock-mixtures demonstrated that ITS2 metabarcoding can approximate ingredient proportions, though recovery bias may occur. Overall, the results revealed (i) the importance of curated and comprehensive databases, with a higher number of species being identified by NCBI database, (ii) the superior sensitivity of ITS2 metabarcoding, and (iii) the widespread mislabelling in commercial herbal products.eng
dc.description.sponsorshipThe authors are grateful to the Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT, Portugal) for financial support through the project “POIROT: novel methods and approaches for detecting the illegal addition of Pharmaceutical drugs and bOtanIcal adulteRatiOn in plant food supplements” (PTDC/SAU-PUB/3803/2021, DOI: 10.54499/PTDC/SAU-PUB/3803/2021) and through national funds FCT/MCTES (PIDDAC): CIMO, UIDB/00690/2020 (DOI: 0.54499/UIDB/00690/2020) and UIDP/00690/2020 (DOI: 10.54499/UIDP/00690/2020); and SusTEC, LA/P/0007/2020 (DOI: 10.54499/LA/P/0007/2020). M. Honrado and A. Quaresma acknowledge the Ph.D. scholarship from Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia (FCT 2021.08119.BD and 2020.05155.BD, respectively). The authors are thankful to Jardim Botânico d’Ajuda (Lisbon), Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná (Brazil), and Herbário da Universidade de Coimbra for supplying vouchers of plant species.
dc.identifier.citationPinto, M. Alice; Santos, Joana; Quaresma, Andreia; Honrado, Mónica; Rufino, José; Amaral, Joana S. (2026). Comparison of DNA barcoding and metabarcoding approaches for the authentication of herbal infusions in the Portuguese market. Food Control. ISSN 0956-7135. 183, p. 1-16
dc.identifier.doi10.1016/j.foodcont.2025.111893
dc.identifier.issn0956-7135
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/10198/35661
dc.language.isoeng
dc.peerreviewedyes
dc.publisherElsevier
dc.relationnovel methods and approaches for detecting the illegal addition of Pharmaceutical drugs and bOtanIcal adulteRatiOn in planT food supplements
dc.relationMountain Research Center
dc.relationMountain Research Center
dc.relationAssociate Laboratory for Sustainability and Tecnology in Mountain Regions
dc.relation.ispartofFood Control
dc.rights.urihttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0/
dc.subjectAuthenticity
dc.subjectInfusions
dc.subjectITS2 metabarcoding
dc.subjectMatK
dc.subjectRbcL
dc.titleComparison of DNA barcoding and metabarcoding approaches for the authentication of herbal infusions in the Portuguese marketeng
dc.typejournal article
dspace.entity.typePublication
oaire.awardTitlenovel methods and approaches for detecting the illegal addition of Pharmaceutical drugs and bOtanIcal adulteRatiOn in planT food supplements
oaire.awardTitleMountain Research Center
oaire.awardTitleMountain Research Center
oaire.awardTitleAssociate Laboratory for Sustainability and Tecnology in Mountain Regions
oaire.awardURIinfo:eu-repo/grantAgreement/FCT/Concurso de Projetos IC&DT em Todos os Domínios Científicos/PTDC%2FSAU-PUB%2F3803%2F2021/PT
oaire.awardURIinfo:eu-repo/grantAgreement/FCT/6817 - DCRRNI ID/UIDB%2F00690%2F2020/PT
oaire.awardURIinfo:eu-repo/grantAgreement/FCT/6817 - DCRRNI ID/UIDP%2F00690%2F2020/PT
oaire.awardURIinfo:eu-repo/grantAgreement/FCT/6817 - DCRRNI ID/LA%2FP%2F0007%2F2020/PT
oaire.citation.endPage16
oaire.citation.startPage1
oaire.citation.titleFood Control
oaire.citation.volume183
oaire.fundingStreamConcurso de Projetos IC&DT em Todos os Domínios Científicos
oaire.fundingStream6817 - DCRRNI ID
oaire.fundingStream6817 - DCRRNI ID
oaire.fundingStream6817 - DCRRNI ID
oaire.versionhttp://purl.org/coar/version/c_970fb48d4fbd8a85
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person.identifier.orcid0000-0001-9663-8399
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person.identifier.orcid0000-0002-1344-8264
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person.identifier.scopus-author-id8085507800
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project.funder.identifierhttp://doi.org/10.13039/501100001871
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project.funder.identifierhttp://doi.org/10.13039/501100001871
project.funder.nameFundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia
project.funder.nameFundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia
project.funder.nameFundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia
project.funder.nameFundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia
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