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When dealing with chemical wastewater treatments one depends on the addition of auxiliary oxidants, which may include
molecular oxygen, ozone, and hydrogen peroxide, working on their own, or activated by means of a catalyst or photocatalyst.
Typical solutions are the thermal processes at elevated temperatures and pressures. Alternatively, it is possible to use heterogeneous photocatalysis at room temperature and atmospheric pressure. With the development of new carbon allotropes a whole range of advanced oxidation processes,
traditionally based on the action of the HO● radical, can be explored using carbon materials as common denominator.
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Faria, Joaquim; Silva, Adrián; Gomes, Helder; Ribeiro, Rui; Pinho, Maria; Morales-Torres, Sergio; Figueiredo, José; Pastrana-Martínez, Luisa; Silva, Cláudia (2014). Carbon based materials for photocatalytic solar applications in water treatment. In 8th European Meeting on Solar Chemistry and Photocatalysis: Environmental Applications. Thessaloniki, Grécia.