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Pyomelanin synthesis in alternaria alternata inhibits DHN-Melanin synthesis and decreases cell wall chitin content and thickness

2021Journal article Open access
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dc.contributor.authorFernandes, Chantal
dc.contributor.authorMota, Marta
dc.contributor.authorBarros, Lillian
dc.contributor.authorDias, Maria Inês
dc.contributor.authorFerreira, Isabel C.F.R.
dc.contributor.authorPiedade, Ana P.
dc.contributor.authorCasadevall, Arturo
dc.contributor.authorGonçalves, Teresa
dc.date.accessioned2021-10-12T15:05:00Z
dc.date.available2021-10-12T15:05:00Z
dc.date.issued2021
dc.description.abstractThe genus Alternaria includes several of fungi that are darkly pigmented by DHNmelanin. These are pathogenic to plants but are also associated with human respiratory allergic diseases and with serious infections in immunocompromised individuals. The present work focuses on the alterations of the composition and structure of the hyphal cell wall of Alternaria alternata occuring under the catabolism of L-tyrosine and L-phenylalanine when cultured in minimal salt medium (MM). Under these growing conditions, we observed the released of a brown pigment into the culture medium. FTIR analysis demonstrates that the produced pigment is chemically identical to the pigment released when the fungus is grown in MM with homogentisate acid (HGA), the intermediate of pyomelanin, confirming that this pigment is pyomelanin. In contrast to other fungi that also synthesize pyomelanin under tyrosine metabolism, A. alternata inhibits DHN-melanin cell wall accumulation when pyomelanin is produced, and this is associated with reduced chitin cell wall content. When A. alternata is grown in MM containing L-phenylalanine, a L-tyrosine percursor, pyomelanin is synthesized but only at trace concentrations and A. alternata mycelia display an albino-like phenotype since DHN-melanin accumulation is inhibited. CmrA, the transcription regulator for the genes coding for the DHN-melanin pathway, is involved in the down-regulation of DHN-melanin synthesis when pyomelanin is being synthetized, since the CMRA gene and genes of the enzymes involved in DHN-melanin synthesis pathway showed a decreased expression. Other amino acids do not trigger pyomelanin synthesis and DHN-melanin accumulation in the cell wall is not affected. Transmission and scanning electron microscopy show that the cell wall structure and surface decorations are altered in L-tyrosine- and L-phenylalanine-grown fungi, depending on the pigment produced. In summary, growth in presence of L-tyrosine and L-phenylalanine leads to pigmentation and cell wall changes, which could be relevant to infection conditions where these amino acids are expected to be available.pt_PT
dc.description.sponsorshipThis study was partly supported by the FEDER funds through the Operational Programme Competitiveness Factors-COMPETE and national funds by FCT-Foundation for Science and Technology under the strategic projects UIDB/00285/2020 and UID/NEU/04539/2013 the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF), through the Centro 2020 Regional Operational Programme under project CENTRO-01-0145-FEDER-000012 and project CENTRO-01-0145-FEDER-022095:ViraVector, and through the COMPETE 2020—Operational Programme for Competitiveness and Internationalisation and Portuguese national funds via FCT—Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia, under project UIDB/04539/2020, and the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF), through the Centro 2020 Regional Operational Programme: project CENTRO-01-0145-FEDER- 000012-HealthyAging 2020, the COMPETE 2020—Operational Programme for Competitiveness and Internationalisation, and the Portuguese national funds via FCT—Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia, I.P.: project POCI-01-0145-FEDER- 007440. IF thank the Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT, Portugal) and FEDER under Program PT2020 for financial support to CIMO (UID/AGR/00690/2013), LB (SFRH/BPD/107855/2015) and MD (SFRH/BD/84485/2012) grants. To POCI-01-0145-FEDER-006984 (LA LSRE-LCM), funded by ERDF, through POCI-COMPETE2020 and FCT. AC was supported in part by 5R01HL059842, 5R01AI033774, 5R37AI033142, and 5R01AI052733.pt_PT
dc.description.versioninfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersionpt_PT
dc.identifier.citationFernandes, Chantal; Mota, Marta; Barros, Lillian; Dias, Maria Inês; Ferreira, Isabel C.F.R.; Piedade, Ana P.; Casadevall, Arturo; Gonçalves, Teresa (2021). Pyomelanin synthesis in alternaria alternata inhibits DHN-Melanin synthesis and decreases cell wall chitin content and thickness. Frontiers in Microbiology. ISSN 1664-302X. 12, p. 1-14pt_PT
dc.identifier.doi10.3389/fmicb.2021.691433pt_PT
dc.identifier.issn1664-302X
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/10198/23998
dc.language.isoengpt_PT
dc.peerreviewedyespt_PT
dc.relationCentre for Mechanical Enginnering, Materials and Processes
dc.relationCNC. IBILI
dc.relationCenter for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology
dc.relationMountain Research Centre
dc.relationProviding industry and consumers with new alternative sources of natural additives from plant origin in the classes of preservatives and colouring agents: extraction, purification, stabilization and product development
dc.relationIMPROVING SECONDARY METABOLITES PRODUCTION THROUGH IN VITRO CULTURE TECHNIQUE: CHEMICAL AND GENETIC CHARACTERIZATION OF EDIBLE PLANTS, BIOACTIVE PROPERTIES AND MICROENCAPSULATION OF PHENOLIC FRACTIONS
dc.rights.urihttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/pt_PT
dc.subjectPyomelaninpt_PT
dc.subjectDHN-melaninpt_PT
dc.subjectAlternaria alternatapt_PT
dc.subjectChitinpt_PT
dc.subjectL-tyrosinept_PT
dc.subjectL-phenylalaninept_PT
dc.subjectMelaninpt_PT
dc.titlePyomelanin synthesis in alternaria alternata inhibits DHN-Melanin synthesis and decreases cell wall chitin content and thicknesspt_PT
dc.typejournal article
dspace.entity.typePublication
oaire.awardTitleCentre for Mechanical Enginnering, Materials and Processes
oaire.awardTitleCNC. IBILI
oaire.awardTitleCenter for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology
oaire.awardTitleMountain Research Centre
oaire.awardTitleProviding industry and consumers with new alternative sources of natural additives from plant origin in the classes of preservatives and colouring agents: extraction, purification, stabilization and product development
oaire.awardTitleIMPROVING SECONDARY METABOLITES PRODUCTION THROUGH IN VITRO CULTURE TECHNIQUE: CHEMICAL AND GENETIC CHARACTERIZATION OF EDIBLE PLANTS, BIOACTIVE PROPERTIES AND MICROENCAPSULATION OF PHENOLIC FRACTIONS
oaire.awardURIinfo:eu-repo/grantAgreement/FCT/6817 - DCRRNI ID/UIDB%2F00285%2F2020/PT
oaire.awardURIinfo:eu-repo/grantAgreement/FCT/6817 - DCRRNI ID/UID%2FNEU%2F04539%2F2013/PT
oaire.awardURIinfo:eu-repo/grantAgreement/FCT/6817 - DCRRNI ID/UIDB%2F04539%2F2020/PT
oaire.awardURIinfo:eu-repo/grantAgreement/FCT/6817 - DCRRNI ID/UID%2FAGR%2F00690%2F2013/PT
oaire.awardURIinfo:eu-repo/grantAgreement/FCT//SFRH%2FBPD%2F107855%2F2015/PT
oaire.awardURIinfo:eu-repo/grantAgreement/FCT//SFRH%2FBD%2F84485%2F2012/PT
oaire.citation.titleFrontiers in Microbiologypt_PT
oaire.citation.volume12pt_PT
oaire.fundingStream6817 - DCRRNI ID
oaire.fundingStream6817 - DCRRNI ID
oaire.fundingStream6817 - DCRRNI ID
oaire.fundingStream6817 - DCRRNI ID
person.familyNameBarros
person.familyNameDias
person.familyNameFerreira
person.givenNameLillian
person.givenNameMaria Inês
person.givenNameIsabel C.F.R.
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project.funder.identifierhttp://doi.org/10.13039/501100001871
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project.funder.nameFundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia
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project.funder.nameFundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia
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rcaap.rightsopenAccesspt_PT
rcaap.typearticlept_PT
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