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White Lupin and Hairy Vetch as Green Manures: Impacts on Yield and Nutrient Cycling in an Organic Almond Orchard

2025Journal article Open access
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datacite.subject.fosCiências Agrárias::Agricultura, Silvicultura e Pescas
datacite.subject.fosCiências Naturais::Ciências da Terra e do Ambiente
datacite.subject.sdg02:Erradicar a Fome
datacite.subject.sdg12:Produção e Consumo Sustentáveis
datacite.subject.sdg13:Ação Climática
datacite.subject.sdg15:Proteger a Vida Terrestre
dc.contributor.authorRaimundo, Soraia
dc.contributor.authorArrobas, Margarida
dc.contributor.authorRibeiro, António C.
dc.contributor.authorRodrigues, Manuel Ângelo
dc.date.accessioned2025-11-11T14:44:10Z
dc.date.available2025-11-11T14:44:10Z
dc.date.issued2025
dc.description.abstractOrganic farming systems, which prohibit synthetic fertilizers, often rely on legumes for their ability to fix atmospheric nitrogen (N). In orchards, legumes can be established as cover crops between tree rows to enhance nutrient cycling. This study evaluated the effects of two legume cover crops, white lupin (Lupinus albus L.) and hairy vetch (Vicia villosa Roth), compared to a Control treatment with conventional tillage, which is the most commonly used method of soil management in the region, in an organically managed almond [Prunus dulcis (Mill.) D.A.Webb] orchard compliant with European Union standards, in an experiment arranged as a completely randomized design. In the first year, kernel yield was highest in the Control treatment (404 kg ha-1), while significantly lower yields were recorded for white lupin (246 kg ha-1) and hairy vetch (283 kg ha-1), likely due to competition for resources between cover crops and trees. In the second year, however, the trend reversed, with cover crop treatments yielding significantly more (Lupin: 313 kg ha-1; Vetch: 296 kg ha-1) than the Control (199 kg ha-1). The cover crops accumulated over 150 kg ha-1 of N in their tissues, enhancing soil N availability and increasing N concentrations in almond leaves. In addition to N, cover crops influenced the cycling of other nutrients, increasing potassium (K) and boron (B) concentrations while reducing calcium (Ca) and manganese (Mn) in plant tissues. Despite being derived from a two-year study, these results highlight the complexity of interpreting cover crop effects, underscoring the need for further long-term research to provide more comprehensive guidance to growers.eng
dc.description.sponsorshipThis work was supported by national funds through FCT/MCTES (PIDDAC), through the projects UIDB/00690/2020 (DOI: 10.54499/UIDB/00690/2020), LA/P/0007/2020 (DOI:10.54499/LA/P/0007/2020), and through the individual research grant PRT/BD/154361/2023 of Soraia Raimundo (DOI: 10.54499/PRT/BD/11871/2022).
dc.identifier.citationRaimundo, Soraia; Arrobas, Margarida; Ribeiro, António C.; Rodrigues, Manuel Ângelo (2025). White Lupin and Hairy Vetch as Green Manures: Impacts on Yield and Nutrient Cycling in an Organic Almond Orchard. Agronomy. ISSN 2073-4395. 15:8, p. 1-16
dc.identifier.doi10.3390/agronomy15081974
dc.identifier.issn2073-4395
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/10198/35034
dc.language.isoeng
dc.peerreviewedyes
dc.publisherMDPI
dc.relationMountain Research Center
dc.relationAssociate Laboratory for Sustainability and Tecnology in Mountain Regions
dc.relation.ispartofAgronomy
dc.rights.urihttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/
dc.subjectOrganic farming
dc.subjectCover cropping
dc.subjectPrunus dulcis
dc.subjectLupinus albus
dc.subjectVicia villosa
dc.titleWhite Lupin and Hairy Vetch as Green Manures: Impacts on Yield and Nutrient Cycling in an Organic Almond Orchardeng
dc.typejournal article
dspace.entity.typePublication
oaire.awardTitleMountain Research Center
oaire.awardTitleAssociate Laboratory for Sustainability and Tecnology in Mountain Regions
oaire.awardURIinfo:eu-repo/grantAgreement/FCT/6817 - DCRRNI ID/UIDP%2F00690%2F2020/PT
oaire.awardURIinfo:eu-repo/grantAgreement/FCT/6817 - DCRRNI ID/LA%2FP%2F0007%2F2020/PT
oaire.citation.endPage16
oaire.citation.issue8
oaire.citation.startPage1
oaire.citation.titleAgronomy
oaire.citation.volume15
oaire.fundingStream6817 - DCRRNI ID
oaire.fundingStream6817 - DCRRNI ID
oaire.versionhttp://purl.org/coar/version/c_970fb48d4fbd8a85
person.familyNameRaimundo
person.familyNameArrobas
person.familyNameRibeiro
person.familyNameRodrigues
person.givenNameSoraia
person.givenNameMargarida
person.givenNameAntónio C.
person.givenNameManuel Ângelo
person.identifier.ciencia-id0C14-0903-C34B
person.identifier.ciencia-id971C-B85B-1EC0
person.identifier.ciencia-id9D19-E833-BE97
person.identifier.ciencia-id371D-DF0D-8D68
person.identifier.orcid0000-0002-6505-1445
person.identifier.orcid0000-0002-4652-485X
person.identifier.orcid0000-0002-8280-9027
person.identifier.orcid0000-0002-5367-1129
person.identifier.ridO-1721-2016
person.identifier.scopus-author-id8575728800
person.identifier.scopus-author-id35270106800
project.funder.identifierhttp://doi.org/10.13039/501100001871
project.funder.identifierhttp://doi.org/10.13039/501100001871
project.funder.nameFundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia
project.funder.nameFundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia
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