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Estimated dietary flavonoid intake and major food contributors in the Portuguese population: results from the national food, nutrition and physical activity survey (IAN-AF 2015–2016)

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datacite.subject.fosCiências Agrárias::Biotecnologia Agrária e Alimentar
datacite.subject.fosCiências Naturais::Ciências Químicas
datacite.subject.sdg03:Saúde de Qualidade
dc.contributor.authorMartins, Sofia
dc.contributor.authorMeireles, Manuela
dc.contributor.authorCaetano, Estela
dc.contributor.authorCorreia, Daniela
dc.contributor.authorCarvalho, Catarina
dc.contributor.authorSilva, Catarina Campos
dc.contributor.authorMagalhães, Vânia
dc.contributor.authorVilela, Sofia
dc.contributor.authorLopes, Carla
dc.contributor.authorTorres, Duarte
dc.date.accessioned2025-04-28T10:17:13Z
dc.date.available2025-04-28T10:17:13Z
dc.date.issued2025
dc.description.abstractFlavonoids are a key class of polyphenols, i.e., phytochemical compounds present in foods and beverages, which have been described as having health benefits in preventing several chronic diseases. Estimating flavonoid intake has already been conducted in several countries but has yet to be performed in Portugal. This study included 5005 participants aged 3–84 years and aimed to estimate dietary flavonoid intake in the Portuguese population, using data from the National Food and Physical Activity Survey 2015–2016, providing information on intake, main food contributors and the socio-demographic factors associated with the intake. Food intake data from the survey was converted to flavonoid intake using a database built to include the most updated USDA databases on flavonoids, isoflavones and proanthocyanidins and the Phenol-Explorer database. The rationale for combining food consumption data and different flavonoid databases using the FoodEx2 classification system was established. Linear regressions assessed the associations between socio-demographic factors and dietary flavonoid intake. The total flavonoid intake of the Portuguese population was estimated to be 107·3 mg/d. Flavanols were the most representative subclass, followed by flavonols, anthocyanidins, flavanones, flavones and isoflavones. Fruits and vegetables were the primary food contributors, providing 31·5 % and 12·4 % of the total flavonoid intake. Adolescents had the lowest total flavonoid intake, and older adults had the highest. This study provides information on the Portuguese population’s dietary flavonoids, allowing for international comparisons. It can also streamline forthcoming investigations into the link between flavonoid consumption and its impact on health, contributing to the future establishment of dietary reference values.eng
dc.description.sponsorshipThe authors acknowledge all the participants, institu- tions and people involved in every stage of the IAN-AF 2015–2016 survey. The survey was conducted by a collaborative consortium, including the Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Portugal; EPIUnit, Institute of Public Health, University of Porto, Portugal; Faculty of Nutrition and Food Sciences, University of Porto, Portugal; National Health Institute Doutor Ricardo Jorge, Portugal; Institute of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Lisbon, Portugal; CIAFEL, Faculty of Sports, University of Porto, Portugal; Faculty of Human Kinetics, CIPER, University of Lisbon, Portugal; SilicoLife, Lda, Portugal; Faculty of Medicine University of Oslo, Norway. The survey had institutional support from the General Directorate of Health (DGS), the Regional Health Administration Departments, the Central Administration of the Health System (ACSS) and the European Food Safety Authority. This work was supported by national funds through Fundação para Ciência e Tecnologia (FCT) within the scope of the projects Unidade de Investigação em Epidemiologia - Instituto de Saúde Pública da Universidade do Porto (EPIUnit) (UIDB/04750/2020) and Laborat´orio para a Investigação Integrativa e Translacional (ITR), Porto, Portugal (LA/P/0064/2020) with DOI: ·https://doi.org/10.54499/UIDB/04750/2020 and https://doi.org/10.54499/LA/ P/0064/2020. S. M. is supported by the FCT individual doctoral grant BD/ 05572/2021, C. C. benefited from the FCT individual doctoral grant (SFRH/BD/ 146078/2019). V. M. benefited from an FCT individual doctoral grant (SFRH/ BD/143747/2019) and S. V. is supported by national funds through FCT, under the programme ‘Stimulus of Scientific Employment – Individual Support’ within the contract 10·54499/2021·01096.CEECIND/CP1686/CT0001 with the DOI: ··https://doi.org/10.54499/2021.01096.CEECIND/CP1686/CT0001. Additionally, the National Food, Nutrition and Physical Activity Survey (IAN-AF 2015–2016) received support from the EEA Grants Program in Public Health Initiatives (PT06–000088SI3). Note that the funders had no involvement in the study’s design, analysis of the data or writing of this article. The authors’ contributions to the manuscript were as follows: conceptu- alisation, M .M., E. C., C. C., V. M., S. V., C. L. and D. T.; data curation, S. M., C. C. and D. T.; methodology, S. M., M. M., E. C., C. C. and D. T.; formal analysis, D. C. and C. C. S.; data interpretation, S. M. and D. T.; writing - original draft, S. M.; writing - review and editing, all authors; and supervision, C. L. and D. T. All authors reviewed and approved the final manuscript. The authors declare no conflict of interest. This study adhered to the principles and guidelines stated in the Declaration of Helsinki. All procedures involving human subjects were approved by the National Commission for Data Protection, the Ethical Committee of the Institute of Public Health of the University of Porto and the Ethical Committees of each Regional Health Administration. Before they participated in the study, written informed consent was obtained from all participants. For children and adolescents under 18 years old, consent was provided by their legal caregivers. For adolescents aged 10 to 17, the caregivers and the participants provided their signatures on the written informed consent form, indicating their willingness to participate in the study.
dc.identifier.citationMartins, Sofia; Meireles, Manuela; Caetano, Estela; Correia, Daniela; Carvalho, Catarina; Silva, Catarina Campos; Magalhães, Vânia; Vilela, Sofia; Lopes, Carla: Torres, Duarte (2025). Estimated dietary flavonoid intake and major food contributors in the portuguese population: results from the national food, nutrition and physical activity survey (IAN-AF 2015–2016). British Journal of Nutrition. ISSN 0007-1145. 133:4, p. 497–506
dc.identifier.doi10.1017/s0007114525000078
dc.identifier.eissn1475-2662
dc.identifier.issn0007-1145
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/10198/34441
dc.language.isoeng
dc.peerreviewedyes
dc.publisherCambridge University Press
dc.relationEpidemiology Research Unit - Institute of Public Health, University of Porto
dc.relationLaboratory for Integrative and Translational Research in Population Health
dc.relation.ispartofBritish Journal of Nutrition
dc.rights.urihttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
dc.subjectFlavonoids
dc.subjectIntake
dc.subjectDietary
dc.subjectFood contributors
dc.subjectDatabase
dc.subjectDietary survey
dc.titleEstimated dietary flavonoid intake and major food contributors in the Portuguese population: results from the national food, nutrition and physical activity survey (IAN-AF 2015–2016)eng
dc.typejournal article
dspace.entity.typePublication
oaire.awardTitleEpidemiology Research Unit - Institute of Public Health, University of Porto
oaire.awardTitleLaboratory for Integrative and Translational Research in Population Health
oaire.awardURIinfo:eu-repo/grantAgreement/FCT/6817 - DCRRNI ID/UIDB%2F04750%2F2020/PT
oaire.awardURIinfo:eu-repo/grantAgreement/FCT/6817 - DCRRNI ID/LA%2FP%2F0064%2F2020/PT
oaire.citation.endPage506
oaire.citation.issue4
oaire.citation.startPage497
oaire.citation.titleBritish Journal of Nutrition
oaire.citation.volume133
oaire.fundingStream6817 - DCRRNI ID
oaire.fundingStream6817 - DCRRNI ID
oaire.versionhttp://purl.org/coar/version/c_970fb48d4fbd8a85
person.familyNameMeireles
person.givenNameManuela
person.identifier.ciencia-id0219-C615-9F65
person.identifier.orcid0000-0003-3703-0011
project.funder.identifierhttp://doi.org/10.13039/501100001871
project.funder.identifierhttp://doi.org/10.13039/501100001871
project.funder.nameFundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia
project.funder.nameFundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia
relation.isAuthorOfPublication38b25cf8-bbef-4c75-9777-88bbc2cfac15
relation.isAuthorOfPublication.latestForDiscovery38b25cf8-bbef-4c75-9777-88bbc2cfac15
relation.isProjectOfPublication329cc051-88c4-40f4-85c8-b984ea185b54
relation.isProjectOfPublication624858b3-8c4c-499c-87d6-a08ad42d1865
relation.isProjectOfPublication.latestForDiscovery329cc051-88c4-40f4-85c8-b984ea185b54

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