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Azure A as a promising candidate for antimicrobial photodynamic therapy of acne-related bacteria

2026Artigo científico Acesso aberto
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datacite.subject.fosCiências Médicas::Biotecnologia Médica
datacite.subject.fosCiências Naturais::Ciências Químicas
datacite.subject.fosCiências Naturais::Ciências Biológicas
datacite.subject.sdg03:Saúde de Qualidade
datacite.subject.sdg09:Indústria, Inovação e Infraestruturas
datacite.subject.sdg04:Educação de Qualidade
dc.contributor.authorHerculano, Leandro S.
dc.contributor.authorMarcon, Caroline T.
dc.contributor.authorPires, Tânia C.S.P.
dc.contributor.authorCanan, Cristiane
dc.contributor.authorFiorese, Mônica L.
dc.contributor.authorMalacarne, Luis C.
dc.contributor.authorTessaro, André L.
dc.contributor.authorAmaral, Joana S.
dc.contributor.authorBarros, Lillian
dc.date.accessioned2026-04-15T09:25:01Z
dc.date.available2026-04-15T09:25:01Z
dc.date.issued2026
dc.description.abstractAntimicrobial photodynamic inactivation (aPDT) is an effective technique for treating acne vulgaris, due to its efficiency in inactivating multiresistant bacteria and the absence of systemic side effects. This study investigated the potential of the dye Azure A (AZA), belonging to the phenothiazine class, as a photosensitizer (PS) in aPDT to combat the gram-positive bacteria Staphylococcus epidermidis and Cutibacterium acnes, both associated with inflammatory acne vulgaris. The efficiency of AZA was compared to Orthotoluidine Blue (OTB), evaluating the absorbance spectra, singlet oxygen generation rate, and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) at different optical fluence values and concentrations. The results demonstrated that AZA and OTB have similar spectroscopic characteristics and single oxygen generation rates, and they could inactivate both bacteria at an MBC of 0.78 for the smallest tested optical fluence. These findings indicate that AZA is an excellent candidate for topical aPDT applications in treating acne vulgaris and other associated infections by such bacteria.eng
dc.description.sponsorshipThe authors thank the National Council for Scientific and Technological Development, processes: 200176/2024-2, 442004/2023-0, 420280-2023-5, 303635/2022-3, 301558/2022-1. This work was also supported by national funds from Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia (FCT/MCTES-PIDDAC) through the base funding UIDB/00690/2020 and UIDP/00690/2020; and from SusTEC, LA/P/0007/2020. L. B. Barros thanks FCT through the institutional scientific employment program–contract for her contract.
dc.identifier.citationHerculano, Leandro S.; Marcon, Caroline T.; Pires, Tânia C. S. P.; Canan, Cristiane; Fiorese, Mônica L.; Malacarne, Luis C.; Tessaro, André L.; Amaral, Joana S.; Barros, Lillian (2026). Azure A as a promising candidate for antimicrobial photodynamic therapy of acne-related bacteria. Photochemical and Photobiological Sciences. ISSN 1474-905X. 25:3, p. 491–507
dc.identifier.doi10.1007/s43630-026-00861-9
dc.identifier.issn1474-905X
dc.identifier.issn1474-9092
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/10198/36535
dc.language.isoeng
dc.peerreviewedyes
dc.publisherSpringer Nature
dc.relationMountain Research Center
dc.relationMountain Research Center
dc.relationAssociate Laboratory for Sustainability and Tecnology in Mountain Regions
dc.relation.ispartofPhotochemical & Photobiological Sciences
dc.rights.urihttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/
dc.subjectStaphylococcus epidermidis
dc.subjectCutibacterium acnes
dc.subjectAcne vulgaris
dc.subjectPhenothiazine dyes
dc.titleAzure A as a promising candidate for antimicrobial photodynamic therapy of acne-related bacteriaeng
dc.typejournal article
dspace.entity.typePublication
oaire.awardNumberUIDB/00690/2020
oaire.awardNumberUIDP/00690/2020
oaire.awardNumberLA/P/0007/2020
oaire.awardTitleMountain Research Center
oaire.awardTitleMountain Research Center
oaire.awardTitleAssociate Laboratory for Sustainability and Tecnology in Mountain Regions
oaire.awardURIinfo:eu-repo/grantAgreement/FCT/6817 - DCRRNI ID/UIDB%2F00690%2F2020/PT
oaire.awardURIinfo:eu-repo/grantAgreement/FCT/6817 - DCRRNI ID/UIDP%2F00690%2F2020/PT
oaire.awardURIinfo:eu-repo/grantAgreement/FCT/6817 - DCRRNI ID/LA%2FP%2F0007%2F2020/PT
oaire.citation.endPage507
oaire.citation.startPage491
oaire.citation.titlePhotochemical & Photobiological Sciences
oaire.fundingStream6817 - DCRRNI ID
oaire.fundingStream6817 - DCRRNI ID
oaire.fundingStream6817 - DCRRNI ID
oaire.versionhttp://purl.org/coar/version/c_970fb48d4fbd8a85
person.familyNamePires
person.familyNameAmaral
person.familyNameBarros
person.givenNameTânia C.S.P.
person.givenNameJoana S.
person.givenNameLillian
person.identifier2118829
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person.identifier.ciencia-id321E-2D96-00CA
person.identifier.ciencia-id5319-7DE8-BEDA
person.identifier.ciencia-id9616-35CB-D001
person.identifier.orcid0000-0002-3954-3833
person.identifier.orcid0000-0002-3648-7303
person.identifier.orcid0000-0002-9050-5189
person.identifier.ridQ-2842-2018
person.identifier.ridJ-3600-2013
person.identifier.scopus-author-id57057440000
person.identifier.scopus-author-id35236343600
project.funder.identifierhttp://doi.org/10.13039/501100001871
project.funder.identifierhttp://doi.org/10.13039/501100001871
project.funder.identifierhttp://doi.org/10.13039/501100001871
project.funder.nameFundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia
project.funder.nameFundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia
project.funder.nameFundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia
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