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Exploring the Biochemical Profile of Beta vulgaris L.: A Comparative Study of Beetroots and Swiss Chard

2025Journal article Open access
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datacite.subject.fosCiências Agrárias::Agricultura, Silvicultura e Pescas
datacite.subject.sdg13:Ação Climática
dc.contributor.authorAlmeida, Daiana
dc.contributor.authorPetropoulos, Spyridon A.
dc.contributor.authorSilveira, Tayse F. F. da
dc.contributor.authorPires, Tânia C.S.P.
dc.contributor.authorFerreira, Isabel C.F.R.
dc.contributor.authorFernandes, Ângela
dc.contributor.authorBarros, Lillian
dc.date.accessioned2025-04-07T09:55:25Z
dc.date.available2025-04-07T09:55:25Z
dc.date.issued2025
dc.description.abstractIn this study, leaves and roots from three beetroot cultivars (cv. Albina Vereduna (white roots), cv. Burpee’s Golden (golden roots), and cv. Pablo F1 (red roots)), as well as Swiss chard leaves (also known as “rhubarb chard”, or Beta vulgaris subsp. cicla var. flavescens) were evaluated in terms of their chemical profile and bioactive properties. Roots were characterized by high carbohydrate content, which also contributed to greater energy values. In contrast, fibers were the predominant macronutrient in leaves, followed by carbohydrates. In both leaves and roots, the most abundant organic acids were quinic and oxalic, while the major free sugar was sucrose. The profile of fatty acid varied between the studied plant parts, with saturated fatty acids prevailing in root samples, while leaves exhibited higher levels of polyunsaturated fatty acids. Regarding phenolic composition, a total of 19 compounds were tentatively identified in leaves (including derivatives of vitexin, isorhamnetin, quercetin, and ferulic, sinapic, and p-coumaric acids), while the roots exhibited a less diverse composition, with a total of eight compounds identified (e.g., derivatives of ferulic, sinapic, p-coumaric and caffeic acids). A total of eight betalains were also identified, out of which seven were classified as betacyanins and one as betaxanthin. The leaves of Swiss chard presented compounds from both classes, while the roots and leaves of cv. Pablo F1 were characterized only by the presence of betacyanins, and those of cv. Burpee’s Golden only by betaxanthin. All samples exhibited relevant activity against Y. enterocolitica, L. monocytogenes, and S. aureus, although leaf samples demonstrated better antioxidant capacity. In conclusion, beetroot leaves outperformed their corresponding roots in terms of chemical composition, antioxidant, and antimicrobial activity, suggesting their high potential as nutrient-rich and functional ingredients in a diverse and well-balanced diet.eng
dc.description.sponsorshipThe authors are grateful to the Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT, Portugal) for financial support through national funds FCT/MCTES (PIDDAC): CIMO, UIDB/00690/2020 (DOI: 10.54499/UIDB/00690/2020) and UIDP/00690/2020 (DOI: 10.54499/UIDP/ 00690/2020); and SusTEC, LA/P/0007/2020 (DOI: 10.54499/LA/P/0007/2020), and for the Na- tional funding by FCT, through the institutional and individual scientific employment program contract with L. Barros (CEEC-INST, DOI: 10.54499/CEECINST/00107/2021/CP2793/CT0002) and A. Fernandes (2023.08113.CEECIND), respectively.
dc.identifier.doi10.3390/plants14040591
dc.identifier.issn2223-7747
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/10198/34387
dc.language.isoeng
dc.peerreviewedyes
dc.publisherMDPI
dc.relationMountain Research Center
dc.relationMountain Research Center
dc.relationAssociate Laboratory for Sustainability and Tecnology in Mountain Regions
dc.relation.ispartofPlants
dc.rights.urihttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
dc.subjectChemical composition
dc.subjectBioactive properties
dc.subjectBetalains
dc.subjectPhenolic composition
dc.subjectAntimicrobial properties
dc.subjectAntioxidant activity
dc.titleExploring the Biochemical Profile of Beta vulgaris L.: A Comparative Study of Beetroots and Swiss Chardeng
dc.typejournal article
dspace.entity.typePublication
oaire.awardTitleMountain Research Center
oaire.awardTitleMountain Research Center
oaire.awardTitleAssociate Laboratory for Sustainability and Tecnology in Mountain Regions
oaire.awardURIinfo:eu-repo/grantAgreement/FCT/6817 - DCRRNI ID/UIDB%2F00690%2F2020/PT
oaire.awardURIinfo:eu-repo/grantAgreement/FCT/6817 - DCRRNI ID/UIDP%2F00690%2F2020/PT
oaire.awardURIinfo:eu-repo/grantAgreement/FCT/6817 - DCRRNI ID/LA%2FP%2F0007%2F2020/PT
oaire.citation.endPage35
oaire.citation.issue4
oaire.citation.startPage1
oaire.citation.titlePlants
oaire.citation.volume14
oaire.fundingStream6817 - DCRRNI ID
oaire.fundingStream6817 - DCRRNI ID
oaire.fundingStream6817 - DCRRNI ID
oaire.versionhttp://purl.org/coar/version/c_970fb48d4fbd8a85
person.familyNameAlmeida
person.familyNameSilveira
person.familyNamePires
person.familyNameFerreira
person.familyNameFernandes
person.familyNameBarros
person.givenNameDaiana
person.givenNameTayse F. F. da
person.givenNameTânia C.S.P.
person.givenNameIsabel C.F.R.
person.givenNameÂngela
person.givenNameLillian
person.identifier2118829
person.identifier144781
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person.identifier.ciencia-id321E-2D96-00CA
person.identifier.ciencia-id9418-CF95-9919
person.identifier.ciencia-id2015-0434-AE7C
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person.identifier.orcid0000-0002-6511-3626
person.identifier.orcid0000-0002-3954-3833
person.identifier.orcid0000-0003-4910-4882
person.identifier.orcid0000-0002-0157-9873
person.identifier.orcid0000-0002-9050-5189
person.identifier.ridQ-2842-2018
person.identifier.ridE-8500-2013
person.identifier.ridJ-3600-2013
person.identifier.scopus-author-id57057440000
person.identifier.scopus-author-id36868826600
person.identifier.scopus-author-id35236343600
project.funder.identifierhttp://doi.org/10.13039/501100001871
project.funder.identifierhttp://doi.org/10.13039/501100001871
project.funder.identifierhttp://doi.org/10.13039/501100001871
project.funder.nameFundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia
project.funder.nameFundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia
project.funder.nameFundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia
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