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Indoor air quality in a home improvement store: Gaseous pollutants, bioburden and particle-bound chemical constituents

2025Journal article Open access
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datacite.subject.fosCiências Naturais::Ciências da Terra e do Ambiente
datacite.subject.sdg13:Ação Climática
dc.contributor.authorFurst, Leonardo
dc.contributor.authorCipoli, Yago
dc.contributor.authorYubero, Eduardo
dc.contributor.authorGalindo, Nuria
dc.contributor.authorViegas, Carla
dc.contributor.authorDias, Marta
dc.contributor.authorNunes, Teresa
dc.contributor.authorIgrejas, Getúlio
dc.contributor.authorFeliciano, Manuel
dc.contributor.authorCélia Alves
dc.date.accessioned2025-04-10T14:58:19Z
dc.date.available2025-04-10T14:58:19Z
dc.date.issued2025
dc.description.abstractThis paper provides a comprehensive assessment of indoor and outdoor air quality within a home improvement and gardening store chain in northeastern Portugal. In December 2021 and January 2022, two multipollutant systems were installed in the store and outdoors to assess air quality. Continuous monitoring included particulate matter below 10 μm (PM10), CO2 and comfort parameters. PM10 samples were collected using gravimetric samplers during both occupied and vacant periods. These samples were then analysed for carbonaceous con- stituents and metal(loid)s. Additionally, volatile organic compounds (VOCs), carbonyls, bacteria, and fungi were passively sampled. Results showed higher indoor concentrations of PM10 during labour hours (45.4 ± 15.2 μg/ m3), while outdoor values of 27.1 ± 9.96 μg/m3 were recorded. The elemental characterisation of PM10 revealed a high abundance of soil-related elements indoors, suggesting that resuspension is one of the primary sources. The most abundant elements were Ca, Fe, and Zn, with concentrations of 658 ± 297, 273 ± 141, and 172 ± 67.4 ng/m³, respectively. Outdoors, elements related to tyre and brake wear and road dust were predominant, indicating emissions from non-exhaust traffic emissions as the main source. A prevalence of α-pinene, limonene, and hexanal was found indoors, most likely related to wood products. Fungi with clinical relevance and toxigenic potential, and higher bacterial loads were observed in the gardening and heating sectors of the store. This study underscores the importance of investigating less-studied stores, as they may exhibit pollutant levels that exceed health protection thresholdseng
dc.description.sponsorshipThe authors are grateful to the Foundation for Science and Tech- nology (FCT, Portugal) for financial support by national funds FCT/ MCTES to CESAM (UID Centro de Estudos do Ambiente e Mar (CESAM) + LA/P/0094/2020), to SusTEC (LA/P/0007/2020), to CIMO (UIDB/ 00690/2020), to CeDRI (UIDB/05757/2020 and UIDP/05757/2020) and also financial support to PhD fellow students Leonardo Furst (SFRH/ BD/08461/2020) and Yago Cipoli (SFRH/BD/04992/2021). H&TRC authors gratefully acknowledge the FCT/MCTES national support through the UIDB/05608/2020 (https://doi.org/10.54499/UIDB/0560 8/2020) and UIDP/05608/2020 (https://doi.org/10.54499/UIDP/0 5608/2020. This study was also supported by FCT through the project “Air Pollution in an African Megacity: Source Apportionment and Health Implications” (APAM, DOI: 10.54499/2022.04240.PTDC).
dc.identifier.doi10.1016/j.buildenv.2025.112908
dc.identifier.issn0360-1323
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/10198/34419
dc.language.isoeng
dc.peerreviewedyes
dc.publisherElsevier
dc.relationCentre for Environmental and Marine Studies
dc.relationAssociate Laboratory for Sustainability and Tecnology in Mountain Regions
dc.relationMountain Research Center
dc.relationResearch Centre in Digitalization and Intelligent Robotics
dc.relationResearch Centre in Digitalization and Intelligent Robotics
dc.relationHealth and Technology Research Center
dc.relationHealth and Technology Research Center
dc.relation.ispartofBuilding and Environment
dc.rights.urihttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
dc.subjectRetail store
dc.subjectIAQ
dc.subjectPM10
dc.subjectVOCS
dc.subjectBioburden
dc.titleIndoor air quality in a home improvement store: Gaseous pollutants, bioburden and particle-bound chemical constituentseng
dc.typejournal article
dspace.entity.typePublication
oaire.awardTitleCentre for Environmental and Marine Studies
oaire.awardTitleAssociate Laboratory for Sustainability and Tecnology in Mountain Regions
oaire.awardTitleMountain Research Center
oaire.awardTitleResearch Centre in Digitalization and Intelligent Robotics
oaire.awardTitleResearch Centre in Digitalization and Intelligent Robotics
oaire.awardTitleHealth and Technology Research Center
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oaire.awardURIinfo:eu-repo/grantAgreement/FCT/6817 - DCRRNI ID/LA%2FP%2F0094%2F2020/PT
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oaire.citation.endPage14
oaire.citation.startPage1
oaire.citation.titleBuilding and Environment
oaire.citation.volume277
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person.familyNameFurst
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person.familyNameFeliciano
person.givenNameLeonardo
person.givenNameYago Alonso
person.givenNameGetúlio
person.givenNameManuel
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