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Green synthesis of copper ferrite-based nanofluids using Chlorella vulgaris for heat transfer enhancement

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datacite.subject.fosEngenharia e Tecnologia::Biotecnologia Ambiental
datacite.subject.fosEngenharia e Tecnologia::Engenharia dos Materiais
datacite.subject.sdg09:Indústria, Inovação e Infraestruturas
datacite.subject.sdg15:Proteger a Vida Terrestre
dc.contributor.authorCardoso, Beatriz
dc.contributor.authorNobrega, Glauco
dc.contributor.authorMachado, Mariana
dc.contributor.authorLima, Rui A.
dc.date.accessioned2025-05-29T08:54:12Z
dc.date.available2025-05-29T08:54:12Z
dc.date.issued2025
dc.description.abstractThis study investigates the green synthesis of copper ferrite nanoparticles (CuFe2O4 NPs) using an aqueous extract of Chlorella vulgaris as a reducing agent and their application in enhancing heat transfer through nanofluids. The successful formation of CuFe2O4 NPs was confirmed through UV–vis spectroscopy, revealing a progressive blue shift in absorption peaks from 380 nm to 350 nm over 4 h, accompanied by a reduction in band gap energy from 2 eV to 1.83 eV, indicating increased particle size and crystallinity. Scanning electron microscopy demonstrated relatively uniform morphology with an average particle size of 130 nm. The EDS analysis revealed strong Cu, Fe, and O peaks, consistent with the expected spinel ferrite composition. Water-based nanofluids containing 0.1 wt%, 0.5 wt%, and 1 wt% CuFe2O4 NPs were prepared and characterized. The 1 wt% nanofluid showed a 4.8 % improvement in thermal conductivity compared to water, while viscosity remained within a manageable range (~1.1 mPa⋅s), ensuring low pumping power requirements. In heat transfer experiments using a serpentine heat exchanger, the CuFe2O4 1 wt% nanofluids achieved a significant increase in heat absorption capacity, increasing the outlet temperature by at least 0.5 ◦C at all volumetric flow rates tested and with a significant improvement in heat storage capacity at the highest flow rate. These results highlight the efficacy of green-synthesized CuFe2O4-based nanofluids in significantly improving heat transfer performance while maintaining practical fluid properties, making them ideal for sustainable and efficient thermal management applications, and suitable for monophasic and biphasic applications.eng
dc.description.sponsorshipThe authors acknowledge the partial financial support of the projects 2022.06207.PTDC (https://doi.org/10.54499/2022.06207.PTDC) through national funds (OE), within the scope of the Scientific Research and Technological Development Projects (IC&DT) program in all scientific domains (PTDC), through the Foundation for Science and Technology, I.P. (FCT, I.P). The authors acknowledge the partial financial support within the R&D Units Project Scope: : UIDB/04077/2020, UIDP/04077/2020 (UID/4077: Mechanical Engineering and Resource Sustainability Center (MEtRICs)), UIDB/00532/2020, and LA/P/0045/2020 (ALiCE). FCT/MCTES (PIDDAC) to Centro de Investigação de Montanha (CIMO) (UIDB/00690/2020 and UIDP/00690/2020) and SusTEC (LA/P/0007/2020). Glauco Nobrega was supported by the doctoral grant PRT/BD/153088/2021, financed by the Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT), and with funds from MCTES/República Portuguesa, under the MIT Portugal Program. The authors would like to thank Marta Fernanda and Professor Andrea Zille from 2C2T—Centre for Textile Science and Technology (University of Minho), for their support with the spectrophotometer and the SEM images.
dc.identifier.doi10.1016/j.molliq.2025.127498
dc.identifier.issn0167-7322
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/10198/34498
dc.language.isoeng
dc.peerreviewedyes
dc.publisherElsevier
dc.relationMechanical Engineering and Resource Sustainability Center
dc.relationMechanical Engineering and Resource Sustainability Center
dc.relationTransport Phenomena Research Center
dc.relationALICE - Associate Laboratory in Chemical Engineering
dc.relationMountain Research Center
dc.relationMountain Research Center
dc.relationAssociate Laboratory for Sustainability and Tecnology in Mountain Regions
dc.relation.ispartofJournal of Molecular Liquids
dc.rights.urihttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
dc.subjectGreen-synthesis
dc.subjectMetallic nanoparticles
dc.subjectChlorella vulgaris
dc.subjectBiosynthesis
dc.subjectHeat transfer
dc.subjectThermal conductivity
dc.titleGreen synthesis of copper ferrite-based nanofluids using Chlorella vulgaris for heat transfer enhancementeng
dc.typejournal article
dspace.entity.typePublication
oaire.awardTitleMechanical Engineering and Resource Sustainability Center
oaire.awardTitleMechanical Engineering and Resource Sustainability Center
oaire.awardTitleTransport Phenomena Research Center
oaire.awardTitleALICE - Associate Laboratory in Chemical Engineering
oaire.awardTitleMountain Research Center
oaire.awardTitleMountain Research Center
oaire.awardTitleAssociate Laboratory for Sustainability and Tecnology in Mountain Regions
oaire.awardURIinfo:eu-repo/grantAgreement/FCT/6817 - DCRRNI ID/UIDB%2F04077%2F2020/PT
oaire.awardURIinfo:eu-repo/grantAgreement/FCT/6817 - DCRRNI ID/UIDP%2F04077%2F2020/PT
oaire.awardURIinfo:eu-repo/grantAgreement/FCT/6817 - DCRRNI ID/UIDB%2F00532%2F2020/PT
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oaire.awardURIinfo:eu-repo/grantAgreement/FCT/6817 - DCRRNI ID/UIDB%2F00690%2F2020/PT
oaire.awardURIinfo:eu-repo/grantAgreement/FCT/6817 - DCRRNI ID/UIDP%2F00690%2F2020/PT
oaire.awardURIinfo:eu-repo/grantAgreement/FCT/6817 - DCRRNI ID/LA%2FP%2F0007%2F2020/PT
oaire.awardURIinfo:eu-repo/grantAgreement/FCT/OE/PRT%2FBD%2F153088%2F2021/PT
oaire.citation.endPage10
oaire.citation.startPage1
oaire.citation.titleJournal of Molecular Liquids
oaire.citation.volume428
oaire.fundingStream6817 - DCRRNI ID
oaire.fundingStream6817 - DCRRNI ID
oaire.fundingStream6817 - DCRRNI ID
oaire.fundingStream6817 - DCRRNI ID
oaire.fundingStream6817 - DCRRNI ID
oaire.fundingStream6817 - DCRRNI ID
oaire.fundingStream6817 - DCRRNI ID
oaire.fundingStreamOE
oaire.versionhttp://purl.org/coar/version/c_970fb48d4fbd8a85
person.familyNameNobrega
person.givenNameGlauco
person.identifier.ciencia-id2A1E-B6E3-D35E
person.identifier.gsidhttps://scholar.google.com/citations?user=Q-CoCZYAAAAJ&hl=pt-BR&oi=ao
person.identifier.orcid0000-0002-2571-0928
person.identifier.scopus-author-id57266398500
project.funder.identifierhttp://doi.org/10.13039/501100001871
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project.funder.nameFundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia
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