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Comprehensive analysis of particulate matter, gaseous pollutants, and microbiological contamination in a clothing store from an international chain in Europe

2025Journal article Open access
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datacite.subject.fosCiências Agrárias::Outras Ciências Agrárias
datacite.subject.sdg03:Saúde de Qualidade
dc.contributor.authorFurst, Leonardo
dc.contributor.authorCipoli, Yago
dc.contributor.authorGalindo, Nuria
dc.contributor.authorYubero, Eduardo
dc.contributor.authorViegas, Carla
dc.contributor.authorGomes, Bianca
dc.contributor.authorCervantes, Renata
dc.contributor.authorNunes, Teresa
dc.contributor.authorFeliciano, Manuel
dc.contributor.authorAlves, Célia
dc.date.accessioned2025-04-24T09:18:13Z
dc.date.available2025-04-24T09:18:13Z
dc.date.issued2025
dc.description.abstractIn this study, indoor air quality was assessed in a store belonging to one of Portugal’s largest commercial retail groups. A variety of methodologies was used, including gravimetric analysis for particulate matter (PM), optical monitors for real-time PM measurements, gas sensors and analysers for CO2 and other gaseous pollutants, diffusion tubes for VOCs, and passive deposition for microorganisms. The average PM10 concentration indoors was 16.5 ± 3.87 μg/m3, well below the exposure limits set by various international organisations. A significant portion of indoor PM10 – 69% - was originated from outdoor sources. Outdoor PM10 concentrations were sub- stantially higher, averaging 29.4 ± 14.6 μg/m3. Metal concentrations were also higher outdoors than indoors, and the associated cancer risk and hazard quotient were not exceeded, indicating favourable air quality con- ditions within the store. Among VOCs, α-pinene and tetrachloroethylene were detected in notable concentra- tions. α-Pinene likely originated from cleaning products and fragrances, while tetrachloroethylene was attributed to emissions from a dry-cleaning establishment located in the same building, but did not exceed protection thresholds. Microbial analysis showed low concentrations of both fungi and bacteria. However, fungal species with clinical and toxigenic potential were found. The most common fungal species were Trichoderma sp. and Penicillium sp., depending on the culture media. Overall, the clothing store demonstrated good air quality. However, to further reduce the impact of outdoor pollutants on indoor air quality, enhancements to the venti- lation system are recommended. These improvements can help create a healthier indoor environment by filtering and managing the intake of external contaminants more effectively.eng
dc.description.sponsorshipThe authors are grateful to the Foundation for Science and Tech- nology (FCT, Portugal) for its financial support by national funds FCT/ MCTES to CESAM (UIDP/50017/2020, UIDB/50017/2020 and LAP/ 0094/2020), SusTEC (LA/P/0007/2020), CIMO (UIDB/00690/2020), and to the PhD fellow students Leonardo Furst (SFRH/BD/08461/2020) and Yago Cipoli (SFRH/BD/04992/2021). Funding from MCIN/AEI/ 10.13039/501100011033 and the “European Union NextGener- ationEU/PRTR” (CAMBIO project, ref. TED2021-131336B-I00) are also acknowledged. H&TRC authors gratefully acknowledge the FCT/MCTES national support through the UIDB/05608/2020 (https://doi.org/10 .54499/UIDB/05608/2020) and UIDP/05608/2020 (https://doi. org/10.54499/UIDP/05608/2020)
dc.identifier.citationFurst, Leonardo; Cipoli, Yago; Galindo, Nuria; Yubero, Eduardo; Viegas, Carla; Gomes, Bianca; Cervantes, Renata; Nunes, Teresa; Feliciano, Manuel; Alves, Célia (2025). Comprehensive analysis of particulate matter, gaseous pollutants, and microbiological contamination in a clothing store from an international chain in Europe. Environmental Pollution. ISSN 0269-7491. 371, p. 1-10
dc.identifier.doi10.1016/j.envpol.2025.125836
dc.identifier.issn0269-7491
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/10198/34432
dc.language.isoeng
dc.peerreviewedyes
dc.publisherElsevier
dc.relationCentre for Environmental and Marine Studies
dc.relationCentre for Environmental and Marine Studies
dc.relationCentre for Environmental and Marine Studies
dc.relationAssociate Laboratory for Sustainability and Tecnology in Mountain Regions
dc.relationMountain Research Center
dc.relationHealth and Technology Research Center
dc.relationHealth and Technology Research Center
dc.relation.ispartofEnvironmental Pollution
dc.rights.urihttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
dc.subjectClothing store
dc.subjectIndoor air quality
dc.subjectPM10
dc.subjectVOCs
dc.subjectBioburden
dc.titleComprehensive analysis of particulate matter, gaseous pollutants, and microbiological contamination in a clothing store from an international chain in Europeeng
dc.typejournal article
dspace.entity.typePublication
oaire.awardTitleCentre for Environmental and Marine Studies
oaire.awardTitleCentre for Environmental and Marine Studies
oaire.awardTitleCentre for Environmental and Marine Studies
oaire.awardTitleAssociate Laboratory for Sustainability and Tecnology in Mountain Regions
oaire.awardTitleMountain Research Center
oaire.awardTitleHealth and Technology Research Center
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oaire.awardURIinfo:eu-repo/grantAgreement/FCT/6817 - DCRRNI ID/UIDP%2F50017%2F2020/PT
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oaire.awardURIinfo:eu-repo/grantAgreement/FCT/6817 - DCRRNI ID/UIDB%2F05608%2F2020/PT
oaire.awardURIinfo:eu-repo/grantAgreement/FCT/6817 - DCRRNI ID/UIDP%2F05608%2F2020/PT
oaire.citation.endPage10
oaire.citation.startPage1
oaire.citation.titleEnvironmental Pollution
oaire.citation.volume371
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oaire.versionhttp://purl.org/coar/version/c_970fb48d4fbd8a85
person.familyNameFeliciano
person.givenNameManuel
person.identifier.ciencia-id2D11-7230-702B
person.identifier.orcid0000-0002-3147-4511
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project.funder.identifierhttp://doi.org/10.13039/501100001871
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