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Tensile shear strength of wood adhesives with fire-retardants under elevated temperatures

2025Artigo científico Acesso aberto
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datacite.subject.fosEngenharia e Tecnologia::Engenharia Química
datacite.subject.fosEngenharia e Tecnologia::Engenharia dos Materiais
datacite.subject.fosEngenharia e Tecnologia::Engenharia Mecânica
datacite.subject.sdg09:Indústria, Inovação e Infraestruturas
datacite.subject.sdg11:Cidades e Comunidades Sustentáveis
dc.contributor.authorSilva, Luana
dc.contributor.authorAlves, Matheus Henrique
dc.contributor.authorAndrade, Djems
dc.contributor.authorFerreira, Débora
dc.contributor.authorPiloto, Paulo A.G.
dc.contributor.authorMesquita, Luís M.R.
dc.date.accessioned2026-03-18T09:49:19Z
dc.date.available2026-03-18T09:49:19Z
dc.date.issued2025
dc.description.abstractThe utilization of wood and wood derivatives is growing in building construction due to sustainability and circularity, despite the inherent flammability of wood. Woodworking often requires bonding elements with adhesives, which are prone to degradation under fire. A potential solution to improve the fire resistance of wood joints and their derivatives involves incorporating fire retardants into the adhesive compositions. This study explores the adhesion properties of bonded joints of medium-density fibreboard and pinewood panels using resins based on urea and polyurethanes derived from diphenylmethane diisocyanate (MDI). Various proportions of ammonium polyphosphate, borax, and expandable graphite were incorporated as fire retardants. Shear testing was conducted on lap joints under room and elevated temperatures to evaluate their adhesive performance. MDI-based resin demonstrated higher shear resistance at elevated temperatures than the urea-based resin. The addition of fire retardants to MDI revealed a complex mechanism: they decreased strength at room temperature but improved it at 100 and 200 degrees C through protective actions and a later reverse behaviour at 230 degrees C, suggesting the onset of catalytic degradation. The transition from panel tear to cohesive failure at higher temperatures confirmed that adhesive degradation became the limiting factor. The MDI formulations proved competitive with, and in some cases superior to, established formaldehyde-based structural adhesives at elevated temperatures. The study concludes that the optimal formulation is application-dependent: for fire-resistance applications, the MDI resin without fire retardant proved to be the most robust at 230 degrees C, whereas for high-temperature service, MDI with APP maximizes strength at 100-200 degrees C.eng
dc.description.sponsorshipThis work was developed within the scope of the project NORTE-01-0247-FEDER 072225, supported by North Portugal Regional Operational Programme (NORTE 2020), under the PORTUGAL 2020 Partnership Agreement, through the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF).
dc.identifier.citationSilva, Luana; Alves, Matheus; Andrade, Djems; Ferreira, Débora; Piloto, Paulo A.G.; Mesquita, Luís M.R. (2025). Tensile shear strength of wood adhesives with fire-retardants under elevated temperatures. Journal of Adhesion Science and Technology. ISSN 0169-4243. p. 1-23. DOI: 10.1080/01694243.2025.2563910
dc.identifier.doi10.1080/01694243.2025.2563910
dc.identifier.issn0169-4243
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/10198/36115
dc.language.isoeng
dc.peerreviewedyes
dc.publisherInforma
dc.relationNORTE-01-0247-FEDER 072225
dc.relation.ispartofJournal of Adhesion Science and Technology
dc.rights.urihttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/
dc.subjectWood construction
dc.subjectEngineered wood products
dc.subjectBonded joint
dc.subjectAdhesive strength
dc.subjectShear test
dc.subjectFire resistance
dc.titleTensile shear strength of wood adhesives with fire-retardants under elevated temperatureseng
dc.typejournal article
dspace.entity.typePublication
oaire.citation.endPage23
oaire.citation.startPage1
oaire.citation.titleJournal of Adhesion Science and Technology
oaire.versionhttp://purl.org/coar/version/c_970fb48d4fbd8a85
person.familyNameAlves
person.familyNameFerreira
person.familyNamePiloto
person.familyNameMesquita
person.givenNameMatheus Henrique
person.givenNameDébora
person.givenNamePaulo A.G.
person.givenNameLuís M.R.
person.identifier1339117
person.identifier.ciencia-idDA1E-F1FC-B91E
person.identifier.ciencia-idD81C-FDAD-4D8A
person.identifier.ciencia-id0519-449D-6F13
person.identifier.ciencia-id401E-2FEC-8303
person.identifier.orcid0000-0001-8139-6761
person.identifier.orcid0000-0002-5195-8265
person.identifier.orcid0000-0003-2834-0501
person.identifier.orcid0000-0002-2385-4282
person.identifier.ridB-4866-2008
person.identifier.ridF-2269-2010
person.identifier.scopus-author-id35334023200
person.identifier.scopus-author-id6506406159
person.identifier.scopus-author-id8585923500
relation.isAuthorOfPublication589186bc-1902-41dc-b4ff-d6359a028987
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relation.isAuthorOfPublication.latestForDiscovery589186bc-1902-41dc-b4ff-d6359a028987

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