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Synthesis of carbon nanotubes from polyolefin waste: mass balance and gas phase composition

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datacite.subject.fosCiências Agrárias::Biotecnologia Agrária e Alimentar
datacite.subject.fosCiências Naturais::Outras Ciências Naturais
datacite.subject.sdg03:Saúde de Qualidade
datacite.subject.sdg04:Educação de Qualidade
dc.contributor.authorRoman, Fernanda F.
dc.contributor.authorSilva, Adriano S.
dc.contributor.authorGomes, Helder T.
dc.date.accessioned2026-02-16T09:55:04Z
dc.date.available2026-02-16T09:55:04Z
dc.date.issued2025
dc.description.abstractThe valorization of plastic solid waste (PSW) through thermochemical routes has emerged as a sustainable strategy to address the growing accumulation of these materials. Among the most attractive products, carbon nanotubes (CNTs) stand out due to their high added-value and potential applications in catalysis, sensors, and environmental remediation. CNT synthesis from plastics typically involves thermal decomposition of the polymer into a carbon-rich gas fraction, followed by its deposition on metallic nanoparticles to form CNTs. Optimizing this process requires a detailed understanding of both the mass balance and gas composition. In this work, CNTs were synthesized by chemical vapor deposition (CVD) from low-density polyethylene (LDPE), high-density polyethylene (HDPE), and polypropylene (PP) using a nickel–iron (NiFe) catalyst (synthesis details presented elsewhere [1]). The experiments were performed in a one-chamber reactor, with 1 g of plastic loaded in the upper zone (400–450 °C) and 0.2 g of NiFe in the lower zone (850 °C). The system was heated for 1 h and then held for 0.5 h under a N2 flow (50 cm3 min-1). Generated gases were analyzed in situ by gas chromatography with flame ionization detection (GC-FID). After reaction, solid and liquid fractions were collected and weighed. Characterization of similar CNTs can be consulted in previous publications [1-3]. The results are summarized in Fig. 1. As shown in Fig. 1a, the solid fraction yields were similar for all polymers (35–38%), while HDPE produced a higher liquid fraction than LDPE and PP. The gas fraction dominated in all cases, suggesting catalyst deactivation or an inadequate catalyst-to-plastic ratio. Three major gases were detected (Fig. 1b): methane >> propylene > ethylene. LDPE and PP showed comparable gas distributions, whereas HDPE generated markedly less methane and propylene, consistent with the mass balance trends.
dc.description.sponsorshipThis work was financially supported by national funds through FCT/MCTES (PIDDAC): CeDRI (DOI:10.54499/UIDB/05757/2020 and DOI: 10.54499/UIDB/05757/2020); CIMO (DOI: 10.54499/UIDB/00690/2020 and DOI: 10.54499/UIDP/00690/2020); SusTEC (DOI: 10.54499/LA/P/0007/2020); and by project “Estudo técnicoeconómico para a valorização de resíduos de embalagens plásticas na produção de nanotubos de carbono” financed by Sociedade Ponto Verde. F. F. Roman and A. S. Silva acknowledge FCT for the research grants SFRH/BD/143224/2019 and SFRH/BD/151346/2021, respectively.
dc.identifier.citationRoman, Fernanda F.; Silva, Adriano S.; Gomes, Helder T. (2025). Synthesis of carbon nanotubes from polyolefin waste: mass balance and gas phase composition. In XXIX Encontro Luso-Galego de Química: Livro de resumos. Braga. ISBN 978-989-8124-49-4
dc.identifier.isbn978-989-8124-49-4
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/10198/35756
dc.language.isoeng
dc.peerreviewedyes
dc.publisherSociedade Portuguesa de Química
dc.relationResearch Centre in Digitalization and Intelligent Robotics
dc.relationAmphiphilic carbon-based materials for one-pot desulfurization and denitrogenation of liquid fuels
dc.relationOptimization of municipal solid waste management systems towards sustainability
dc.rights.urihttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
dc.subjectCarbon nanotubeseng
dc.subjectPlastic solid wasteeng
dc.titleSynthesis of carbon nanotubes from polyolefin waste: mass balance and gas phase compositioneng
dc.typeconference object
dspace.entity.typePublication
oaire.awardNumberUIDB/05757/2020
oaire.awardNumberSFRH/BD/143224/2019
oaire.awardNumberSFRH/BD/151346/2021
oaire.awardTitleResearch Centre in Digitalization and Intelligent Robotics
oaire.awardTitleAmphiphilic carbon-based materials for one-pot desulfurization and denitrogenation of liquid fuels
oaire.awardTitleOptimization of municipal solid waste management systems towards sustainability
oaire.awardURIinfo:eu-repo/grantAgreement/FCT/6817 - DCRRNI ID/UIDB%2F05757%2F2020/PT
oaire.awardURIinfo:eu-repo/grantAgreement/FCT/POR_NORTE/SFRH%2FBD%2F143224%2F2019/PT
oaire.awardURIinfo:eu-repo/grantAgreement/FCT/OE/SFRH%2FBD%2F151346%2F2021/PT
oaire.citation.conferenceDate2025
oaire.citation.conferencePlaceBraga
oaire.citation.endPage65
oaire.citation.startPage65
oaire.citation.titleLivro de resumos do XXIX Encontro Luso-Galego de Química
oaire.fundingStream6817 - DCRRNI ID
oaire.fundingStreamPOR_NORTE
oaire.fundingStreamOE
oaire.versionhttp://purl.org/coar/version/c_970fb48d4fbd8a85
person.familyNameRoman
person.familyNameSilva
person.familyNameGomes
person.givenNameFernanda F.
person.givenNameAdriano S.
person.givenNameHelder T.
person.identifier.ciencia-idEE1B-DAA7-D0BD
person.identifier.ciencia-id3E14-5049-B09D
person.identifier.ciencia-id6218-1E19-13EE
person.identifier.orcid0000-0001-5360-5298
person.identifier.orcid0000-0002-6795-2335
person.identifier.orcid0000-0001-6898-2408
project.funder.identifierhttp://doi.org/10.13039/501100001871
project.funder.identifierhttp://doi.org/10.13039/501100001871
project.funder.identifierhttp://doi.org/10.13039/501100001871
project.funder.nameFundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia
project.funder.nameFundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia
project.funder.nameFundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia
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