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Drivers of seedling emergence and early growth of 12 European oak species: Results from a cross-continental experiment

2026Artigo científico Acesso aberto
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datacite.subject.fosCiências Naturais::Ciências da Terra e do Ambiente
datacite.subject.fosEngenharia e Tecnologia::Engenharia do Ambiente
datacite.subject.sdg15:Proteger a Vida Terrestre
datacite.subject.sdg04:Educação de Qualidade
dc.contributor.authorLeverkus, Alexandro B.
dc.contributor.authorMedina, María
dc.contributor.authorLázaro-González, Alba
dc.contributor.authorLevy, Laura
dc.contributor.authorLorente-Casalini, Olivia
dc.contributor.authorMartín, Marino P. Reyes
dc.contributor.authorAndivia, Enrique
dc.contributor.authorBizzarri, Alessandro
dc.contributor.authorBöhlenius, Henrik
dc.contributor.authorCambria, Vito E.
dc.contributor.authorCocozza, Claudia
dc.contributor.authorCvjetković, Branislav
dc.contributor.authorDato, Giovanbattista de
dc.contributor.authorEhrenbergerová, Lenka
dc.contributor.authorFerus, Peter
dc.contributor.authorGómez-Aparicio, Lorena
dc.contributor.authorHampe, Arndt
dc.contributor.authorHanssen, Kjersti Holt
dc.contributor.authorJakubowski, Marcin
dc.contributor.authorKerkez Janković, Ivona
dc.contributor.authorKlisz, Marcin
dc.contributor.authorKowalkowski, Wojciech
dc.contributor.authorKremer, Klaus
dc.contributor.authorLazarevic, Jelena
dc.contributor.authorLazdiņa, Dagnija
dc.contributor.authorLingua, Emanuele
dc.contributor.authorLöf, Magnus
dc.contributor.authorLucas-Borja, Manuel E.
dc.contributor.authorŁukowski, Adrian
dc.contributor.authorMaia, Paula
dc.contributor.authorMairota, Paola
dc.contributor.authorMaltoni, Alberto
dc.contributor.authorMariotti, Barbara
dc.contributor.authorMarzano, Raffaella
dc.contributor.authorMondanelli, Lucia
dc.contributor.authorMontagnoli, Antonio
dc.contributor.authorMonteverdi, Maria Cristina
dc.contributor.authorReyes, Francisco B. Navarro
dc.contributor.authorOliet, Juan A.
dc.contributor.authorPatrício, Maria Sameiro
dc.contributor.authorPoduška, Zoran
dc.contributor.authorPopovic, Vladan
dc.contributor.authorPuchałka, Radosław
dc.contributor.authorRobakowski, Piotr
dc.contributor.authorSewerniak, Piotr
dc.contributor.authorUreña-Lara, Carmen
dc.contributor.authorVillar-Salvador, Pedro
dc.contributor.authorWitzell, Johanna
dc.contributor.authorAnselmetto, Nicolò
dc.contributor.authorBauhus, Jürgen
dc.contributor.authorBenavides, Raquel
dc.contributor.authorBolzon, Paola
dc.contributor.authorMuñoz, María D. Carbonero
dc.contributor.authorCastro, Jorge
dc.contributor.authorChiatante, Donato
dc.contributor.authorCorticeiro, Sofia
dc.contributor.authorSanctis, Michele De
dc.contributor.authorDevetaković, Jovana
dc.contributor.authorDūmiņš, Kārlis
dc.contributor.authorSundheim, Fløistad Inger
dc.contributor.authorMorales, M. Noelia Jiménez
dc.contributor.authorJovanović, Sanja
dc.contributor.authorKanjevac, Branko
dc.contributor.authorKroon, Johan
dc.contributor.authorMontagna, Dario La
dc.contributor.authorMalik, Roman
dc.contributor.authorMartiník, Antonín
dc.contributor.authorMatías, Luis
dc.contributor.authorMcClory, Ryan
dc.contributor.authorMeloni, Fabio
dc.contributor.authorCeballos, Manuel Merino
dc.contributor.authorLlorca, Ricardo A. Moreno
dc.contributor.authorNonić, Marina
dc.contributor.authorNunes, Luís
dc.contributor.authorPlaza-Álvarez, Pedro Antonio
dc.contributor.authorProietti, Roberta
dc.contributor.authorPuccinelli, Stefano
dc.contributor.authorBenayas, José María Rey
dc.contributor.authorSzczerba, Marek
dc.contributor.authorTomczak, Arkadiusz
dc.contributor.authorTopalovic, Ana
dc.contributor.authorVendiņa, Viktorija
dc.date.accessioned2026-02-19T11:06:02Z
dc.date.available2026-02-19T11:06:02Z
dc.date.issued2026
dc.description.abstractSeedling emergence constitutes a critical recruitment step, and early growth relates to plant competitive ability. Understanding their drivers has implications for forestry and forest ecosystem conservation, restoration, and adaptation to climate change. We seeded 6984 acorns in an experiment with 97 cases at 45 sites in 15 European countries, encompassing 12 oak species. We tested whether the quality of the acorn batch, site-level weather and soil characteristics, year of seeding, and species' mean specific leaf area (SLA) affected the emergence and early growth of seedlings after the first summer. Germination potential and acorn dry weight, measured under controlled conditions, were positively associated with emergence and early growth. Seedling emergence was negatively associated with the mean monthly temperature and cumulative winter precipitation, and it was higher in the seedling cohort that was spared from the 2021 drought. Additionally, seedling emergence was positively related to soil nutrient concentration and negatively to increasing soil pH, but not to water-holding capacity, and growth was unrelated to soils. Species-level SLA was not related to either response. The four main study species -Quercus cerris, Q. ilex, Q. petraea, and Q. robur- responded similarly to weather but not to soil conditions. We conclude that, at a continental scale, and assuming that species establish within their current distributions, (a) oak seedling emergence and early growth are associated with acorn quality rather than species identity or SLA, (b) they are highest at sites with low winter precipitation and temperature, (c) emergence is reduced in dry years, and (d) soil properties play a secondary role at this early recruitment stage.eng
dc.description.sponsorshipThis research was funded by grants TED2021–130976B-I00, funded by MICIU/AEI/10.13039/501100011033 and by the European Union Next GenerationEU/PRTR; RESISTRES (C-EXP267-UGR23) from University of Granada/ Junta de Andalucía/ FEDER; and SMART-OAK, funded by the European Union through FORWARDS (Horizon Europe Project No. 101084481) grants to third parties managed by European Forest Institute. The participant network stemmed primarily from the PEN-CAFoRR COST Action (European Cooperation in Science and Technology). The work at each field site was funded by variable sources granted to co-authors. ABL acknowledges mobility grant Salvador de Madariaga (PRX23/00558) and from the Alexander von Humboldt Foundation while writing this manuscript. Funding statements and acknowledgments from the field sites are provided in Appendix S2. Funding for open access charge was provided by Universidad de Granada/ CBUA.
dc.identifier.citationLeverkus, A. B.; Medina, M.; Lázaro-González, A.; Levy, L.; Lorente-Casalini, O.; Martín, M. P. R.; Andivia, E.; Bizzarri, A.; Böhlenius, H.; Cambria, V. E.; Cocozza, C.; Cvjetkovic, B.; de Dato, G.; Ehrenbergerová, L.; Ferus, P.; Gómez-Aparicio, L.; Hampe, A.; Hanssen, K. H.; Jakubowski, M.; Jankovic, I. K.; Klisz, M.; Kowalkowski, W.; Kremer, K.; Lazarevic, J.; Lazdina, D.; Lingua, E.; Löf, M.; Lucas-Borja, M. E.; Lukowski, A.; Maia, P.; Mairota, P.; Maltoni, A.; Mariotti, B.; Marzano, R.; Mondanelli, L.; Montagnoli, A.; Monteverdi, M. C.; Reyes, F. B. N.; Oliet, J. A.; Patrício, Maria Sameiro Poduska, Z.; Popovic, V.; Puchalka, R.; Robakowski, P.; Sewerniak, P.; Ureña-Lara, C.; Villar-Salvador, P.; Witzell, J.; Anselmetto, N.; Bauhus, J.; Benavides, R.; Bolzon, P.; Muñoz, M. D. C.; Castro, J.; Chiatante, D.; Corticeiro, S.; De Sanctis, M.; Devetakovic, J.; Dumins, K.; Sundheim, F. I.; Morales, M. N. J.; Jovanovic, S.; Kanjevac, B.; Kroon, J.; La Montagna, D.; Malik, R.; Martiník, A.; Matías, L.; McClory, R.; Meloni, F.; Ceballos, M. M.; Llorca, R. A. M.; Nonic, M.; Nunes, Luís; Plaza-Alvarez, P. A.; Proietti, R.; Puccinelli, S.; Benayas, J. M. R.; Szczerba, M.; Tomczak, A.; Topalovic, A.; Vendina, V. (2026). Drivers of seedling emergence and early growth of 12 European oak species: Results from a cross-continental experiment. Forest Ecology and Management. ISSN 0378-1127. 599, p. 1-15
dc.identifier.doi10.1016/j.foreco.2025.123223
dc.identifier.issn0378-1127
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/10198/35804
dc.language.isoeng
dc.peerreviewedyes
dc.publisherElsevier
dc.relation.ispartofForest Ecology and Management
dc.rights.urihttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/
dc.subjectSeed quality
dc.subjectRegeneration direct seeding
dc.subjectSeed germination
dc.subjectCoordinated distributed experimente
dc.subjectClimatic gradient
dc.titleDrivers of seedling emergence and early growth of 12 European oak species: Results from a cross-continental experimenteng
dc.typejournal article
dspace.entity.typePublication
oaire.citation.endPage15
oaire.citation.startPage1
oaire.citation.titleForest Ecology and Management
oaire.citation.volume599
oaire.versionhttp://purl.org/coar/version/c_970fb48d4fbd8a85
person.familyNamePatrício
person.familyNameNunes
person.givenNameMaria Sameiro
person.givenNameLuís
person.identifier.ciencia-id6310-0055-C4A0
person.identifier.orcid0000-0001-7773-8802
person.identifier.orcid0000-0002-8913-785X
person.identifier.ridG-6811-2014
person.identifier.scopus-author-id35222136400
person.identifier.scopus-author-id35222136600
relation.isAuthorOfPublicationa6358916-0f73-473d-b43c-26c7de98d4e3
relation.isAuthorOfPublicatione5a7d07d-f55c-4068-a4ec-258574539652
relation.isAuthorOfPublication.latestForDiscoverya6358916-0f73-473d-b43c-26c7de98d4e3

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