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Projeto de investigação
Mediterranean Institute for Agriculture, Environment and Development
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Publicações
Trioza erytreae (Del Guercio, 1918) and the Interaction with Its Hosts: A Review
Publication . Magalhães, Tomás; Duarte, Amílcar; Pereira, J.A.; Marques, Natália T.
The cultivation of citrus in the Mediterranean region is of considerable economic
importance. The viability of this industry is contingent upon a number of factors, with
adequate phytosanitary management being of particular significance. During the last
decade, the geographical range of the invasive psyllid, Trioza erytreae (Del Guercio, 1918),
has expanded to the mainland territories of Portugal and Spain. Trioza erytreae acts as a
vector for the Huanglongbing disease (HLB). This review presents the current knowledge
about the hosts of the psyllid and their attractiveness and suitability. A classification
of the hosts according to their suitability, as assessed in the literature, is provided. The
attributes of the hosts and the methods used to assess their suitability are described, as
well as the climatic factors that affect the psyllid–host interaction. The review emphasises
the importance of a comprehensive evaluation of the interactions between the psyllids and
their hosts to develop and implement more effective strategies for controlling T. erytreae.
Developing epidemiological preparedness for a plant disease invasion: Modelling citrus huánglóngbìng in the European Union
Publication . Ellis, John; Lázaro, Elena; Duarte, Beatriz; Magalhães, Tomás; Duarte, Amílcar; Benhadi-Marín, Jacinto; Pereira, José Alberto; Vicent, Antonio; Parnell, Stephen; Cunniffe, Nik J.
Societal Impact Statement
Huánglóngbìng (HLB) is a bacterial disease of citrus that has significantly impacted Brazil and the United States, although citrus production in the Mediterranean Basin remains unaffected. By developing a mathematical model of spread in Spain, we tested surveillance and control strategies before any future HLB entry in the EU. We found while some citrus production might be maintained by roguing, this requires extensive surveillance and significant chemical control, perhaps also including testing of psyllids (which spread the pathogen) for bacterial DNA. Our work highlights the key importance of early detection (including asymptomatic infection) and vector control for HLB management.
Summary
• Huánglóngbìng (HLB; citrus greening) is the most damaging disease of citrus worldwide. While citrus production in the United States and Brazil have been affected for decades, HLB has not been reported in the European Union (EU). However, a HLB vector, the African citrus psyllid, is already in Portugal and Spain. In 2023, the major vector, the Asian citrus psyllid, was first reported in Cyprus.
• We develop a landscape-scale, epidemiological model, accounting for heterogeneous citrus cultivation and vector dispersal, as well as climate and disease management.
We use our model to predict HLB dynamics for an epidemic vectored by the African citrus psyllid in high-density citrus areas in Spain, assessing detection and control strategies.
• Without disease management, we predict large areas infected within 10–20 years. Even with significant visual surveillance, any epidemic will be widespread on first detection, making eradication unlikely. Nevertheless, increased inspection and roguing following first detection, particularly if coupled with intensive insecticide use, could sustain some citriculture for a decade or more, albeit with reduced production. However, effective control may require chemical application rates and/or active substances no longer authorised in the EU. Strategies targeting asymptomatic infection will be more successful. Detection of bacteriliferous vectors—sometimes possible long before plants show symptoms—could reduce lags before disease management commences. If detection of HLB-positive vectors were followed by intensive insecticide sprays, this may greatly improve outcomes.
• Our work highlights modelling as a key component of developing epidemiological preparedness for a pathogen invasion that is, at least somewhat, predictable in advance.
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Entidade financiadora
Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia
Programa de financiamento
6817 - DCRRNI ID
Número da atribuição
UIDP/05183/2020